Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- recenzje- Zawiera rec. książki: Polacy w Rosji od XVII wieku do 1917 roku : słownik biograficzny / Artur Kijas. - Warszawa, 2000.- ...All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- recenzje- Zawiera rec. książki: Polacy w Rosji od XVII wieku do 1917 roku : słownik biograficzny / Artur Kijas. - Warszawa, 2000.- ...All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
After liberation in 1945, the new North Korean regime initiated a process to liquidate so-called “old” or “feudal” thought. One prime target of the North Korean authorities was the myth of Jizi 箕子 ...(kor. Kija) and the story of his migration to the Korean Peninsula. The elimination of Kija and his legacy was a complicated task; the ancient legend of the Shang dynasty sage who brought civilisation and culture to the Korean people was widely known in all strata of Korean society, deeply ingrained in thousands of literary works, and the new North Korean capital, Pyongyang, was the traditional centre of the Kija cult. In spite of censorship, physical destructions of Kija-related relics, or academic conferences, which tried to repudiate the link between Kija and the Chosŏn state on a scientific basis, the North Korean authorities were never able to fully suppress the old narrative. The ancient sage remains, until nowadays, a problematic point for North Korean historiography and cultural memory.
Tan’gun was the symbol of a community connected by blood that accompanied the image of unity and purity in Korean history. It played a major role in the development and settlement of a homogenous ...nationalism, defining Koreans as descendants of Tan’gun and therefore members of a “single” ethnic group. “Tan’gun” was also at the center of the process of creating a modern nation. Historically in each period, the “symbolic” Tan’gun moved with its own life force and performed various functions apart from the “real” Tan’gun. The making of a Korean national consciousness was closely related to the process and the way of remembering Tan’gun. Ways to remember Tan’gun differed depending on the times in the face of the national crisis. The “bundling” of Tan’gun and Kija that continued from the early Chosôn period began to be disintegrated as foreign countries plundered the Korean sovereignty. Kija was gradually excluded from the historical consciousness of the Korean people while the memory of Tan’gun was emphasized. This reflected the sentiment of the times as people tried to overcome the crisis by strengthening national consciousness through Tan’gun. Hereby, Koreans escaped from the medieval self-awareness centered around China and acquired the national self-identity of the modern times with an independent history and a unique culture, different from China and the rest of the world.
이른바 `기자동래설(箕子東來說)`은 주무왕(周武王)이 은(殷) 나라를 멸망시킨 후, `기자(箕子)`를 `조선(朝鮮)`에 `책봉(冊封)`하여 문화를 전파했다는 것을 골자로 한다. 비록 그 신빙성에 대해 그동안 많은 의혹이 제기되었지만, 중국에서는 아직까지도 이를 기본으로 한 논문이 계속 나오고 있다. 따라서 필자는 이를 검증할 필요가 있다고 판단, ...`책봉`이라는 키워드로 그 가능성을 검증해 보았다. 당시 `조선`이 실재했다고 보는 학자들은, 그 위치를 지금의 중국 요령지방 혹은 한반도 서북부로 보고 있다. 만약 주무왕이 기자를 조선에 책봉하려면, 주의 세력이 조선이라는 지역을 직간접적으로 통제를 해야 했다. 서주(西周) 초기 주(周) 나라의 책봉을 보면, 성왕(成王) 시기에 위(衛)를 책봉했고, 강왕(康王) 시기에 형(邢)과 연(燕)을 책봉했다. 그러나 당시의 교통로와 청동예기의 출토 양상을 고려해 봤을 때, 주 나라의 세력이 지금의 북경 지역을 거쳐서 동북지역까지 미치지는 못했던 것으로 보인다. 따라서 주무왕이 기자를 조선에 책봉했을 가능성은 성립하지 않는다.
With stress on investiture, this article examines the historical possibility where Kija was vested with the authority to rule Joseon during the reign of King Wu of Zhou (周武王). Those who argue for the historical presence of Joseon at that time tend to locate the kingdom geographically in the Liaonying area of modern China or the northwestern part of Korea Peninsula. What should be more carefully noted here is the fact that the argument is to prove direct or indirect influences of Zhu upon Joseon for the possibility of the investiture. However, studying the investiture of early Western Zhou, traffic routes of the day, and the excavation of ritual relics in bronze, I contend that the power of Zhou had been far from even reaching the Liaonying area including the contemporary Peking. Therefore, we need to strongly reconsider the historical possibility of Kija`s enfeoffment by King Wu in ancient times.
First published in 1939 by Routledge, this classic ethnography portrays the aboriginal woman as she really is - a complex social personality with her own prerogatives, duties, problems, beliefs, ...rituals and point of view. This groundbreaking and enduring study was researched in North-West Australia between 1935 and 1936 and was written by a woman who truly pioneered the study of gender in anthropology
Chapter 1 Wielders of the Digging-Stick; Chapter 2 The Social and Spiritual Background of the Aboriginal Child; Chapter 3 Childhood; Chapter 4 On the Threshold of Marriage; Chapter 5 The Laws of Marriage and the Needs of the Individual; Chapter 6 Rights and Duties of Women in Marriage; Chapter 7 The Functions of Women in the Larger Social Groups; Chapter 8 The Spiritual Heritage of Aboriginal Woman; Chapter 9 Women's Ceremonies; Chapter 10 Women's Secret Corroborees; Chapter 11 Aboriginal Women - Sacred and Profane
Shim examines the historicity of the Kija legend using available sources on Kija and Ji polity, including known oracle bone and bronze inscriptions as well as new archaeological evidence. Shim shows ...how the Kija legend became identified with the first organized Korean state in early Chinese texts and how the legend further evolved to explain the origin of Korean civilization.
본 논문에서는 메이지시기에 발행된 조선지도 중에서 단군묘(檀君墓)와 기자전(箕子殿)을 표기한 지도를 검토하였다. 메이지시기에 발행된 조선지도는 대략 75건 정도이다. 이중 < 朝鮮輿地全圖 >(關口備正, 1875.10), < 朝鮮全圖 >(陸軍 慘謀局, 1876), < 新撰朝鮮輿地全圖 >(若林篤三郞, 1882.10), < 朝鮮輿地圖 >(淸水常太郞, ...1894.3), < 實地踏査 滿韓大地圖 >(後藤常太郞, 1904.2) 등 5건의 지도에서 평안도 강동현에 단군묘(檀君墓), 평양에 기자전(箕子殿)을 표기하였다. 또한 이 지도에는 태조 이성계의 어진을 봉안한 평양 영숭전(永崇殿), 전주 경조전(慶照殿), 경주 집경전(集慶殿)이 함께 표기되었다. 이들 지도의 발행시기는 강화도조약·임오군란·청일전쟁·러일전쟁 등 당시 한일관계상에서 중요한 사건들과 관련이 있다. 이중 육군 참모국에서 제작한 <조선전도>가 규모와 정확성에서 가장 우수하였으며 이후 조선지도 제작에 많은 영향을 주었다. 단군묘와 기자전을 표기한 부분도 그 영향력과 함께 다른 조선지도에 반복되었던 것으로 보인다. 에도시대~메이지초기 일본에서는 단군(檀君)을 스사노오노미코토(素?鳴尊)로 보는 논의가 진행되었다. 이 설은 일선동조론의 기초가 되고 신공황후의 신라정벌과 임나일본부설과 함께 정한론의 역사적 명분을 제공하게 된다. 고조선단군·기자은 정한론의 역사적 명분과 관련된 것이고, 태조 어진을 봉안한 사당은 정한론의 대상인 조선왕조 500년 역사의 시작과 관련된다고 할 수 있다. 이처럼 단군묘와 기자전을 표시한 조선지도에는 일본의 조선침략 의도가 그대로 담겨 있다고 할 수 있다.
This paper deals with maps of Korea published in Meiji era Japan in which Mausoleum of Tan`gun 檀君墓 and Shrine of Kija 箕子殿 appears. Of 75 maps of Korea published in Meiji era Japan, Mausoleum of Tan`gun in Kangdong district, Pyong`an province and Shrine of Kija in Pyongyang appears in five maps-Chosen yochizenzu 朝鮮輿地全圖 (Sekiguchi Bisho 關口備正, 1875), Choosen zenzu 朝鮮全圖 (Rikugun. Sanbokyoku 陸軍 慘謀局, 1876), Shinsen Chosen yochizenzu 新撰 朝鮮輿地全圖 (Wakabayashi Tokusaburo 若林篤三郞, 1882), Chosen yochizu 朝鮮輿地圖 (Shimizu Tsunetaro 淸水常太郞, 1894), and Jitchi tosa Mankan daichizu 實地踏査 滿韓大地圖 (Goto Tsunetaro 後藤常太郞, 1904). Also Yongsung Hall in Pyongyang, Kyongjo Hall in Chongju, and Chipkyong Hall in Kyongju where King Taejo`s portrait was enshrined appears in these maps. The publication of them has something to do with series of significant events in the relation between Korea and Japan such as Treaty of Ganghwa Island, Imo mutiny, Sino-Japanese War, and Russo-Japanese War. Of them Chosen zenzu made by Japanese Army Staff Bureau was excellent in size and quality, and as such had much influence to maps of later years, in particular those after 1880s in which Mausoleum of Tan`gun and Shrine of Kija appears. The appearance of Tan`gun in Japanese maps has a relation with the tradition of seeing Tan`gun as Susanoo-no-Mikoto 素?鳴尊 in Edo period and Meiji-era Japan. Along with Empress Jingu`s "Invasion of Southern Korean Peninsula" and Mimana Nihonfu 任那日本府 theory, this thesis, which became the ground for the theory of Japan and Chosen sharing the same ancestry 日鮮同祖論 provided Japanese colonial policy-makers with the historical legitimation of Seikanron 征韓論, an advocacy of a punitive expedition to Korea in Meiji era Japan. That is, in the process of map-making in the late nineteenth century Japan, Tan`gun and Kija was used to support Seikanron 征韓論 and halls where King Taejo`s portrait was enshrined, in the same context, symbolize the beginning of Chosen daynsty, the target of Seikanron. In sum, we can conclude that the maps Mausoleum of Tan`gun and Shrine of Kija well demonstrate Meiji-era Japan`s intention to project military influence to Korea
PDF
