Purpose: The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire has been a commonly applied measure of physical activity in research among persons with multiple sclerosis over the past decade. This paper ...provides a comprehensive description of its application and inclusion in research on physical activity in multiple sclerosis.
Method: This comprehensive, narrative review included papers that were published between 1985 and 2017, written in English, involved participants with multiple sclerosis as a primary population, measured physical activity, and cited one of the two original Godin papers.
Results and Conclusion: There is a broad scope of research that has included the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire in persons with multiple sclerosis. Overall, 8 papers evaluated its psychometric properties, 21 evaluated patterns of physical activity, 24 evaluated correlates or determinants of physical activity, 28 evaluated outcomes or consequences of physical activity, and 15 evaluated physical activity interventions. The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire is a valid self-report measure of physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis, and further is an appropriate, simple, and effective tool for describing patterns of physical activity, examining correlates and outcomes of physical activity, and provides a sensitive outcome for measuring change in physical activity after an intervention.
Implications for rehabilitation
There is increasing interest in physical activity and its benefits in multiple sclerosis.
The study of physical activity requires appropriate and standardized measures.
The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire is a common self-report measure of physical activity for persons with multiple sclerosis.
Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire scores are reliable measures of physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis.
The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire further is an appropriate, simple, and effective tool for describing patterns of physical activity, examining correlates and outcomes of physical activity participation, and is an advantageous primary outcome for measuring change in physical activity in response to an intervention.
The purpose of this study was to examine the motives for leisure‐time physical activity among active and inactive men and women in their mid‐30s. We used both cross‐sectional and longitudinal ...designs. Altogether, 2308 participants (mean age 33.9 years, 53.4% women) were identified from the population‐based FinnTwin16 Cohort. Physically active and inactive individuals were identified on the basis of their leisure‐time MET h/day. We evaluated participants' physical activity motivation with a modified version of the Recreational Exercise Motivation Measure. Comparisons between active and inactive individuals were analysed using the Wald test for equality of means, and effect sizes were calculated as Cohen's d. Motives related to mastery, physical fitness, social aspect of physical activity, psychological state, enjoyment, willingness to be fitter/look better than others, and appearance were significantly more important for the active than inactive participants. Conforming to others' expectations was the only item on which the inactive persons scored higher than active persons. The longitudinal results for physical activity were parallel to the cross‐sectional results. This study supports the view that motivation factors differ between active and inactive persons, and that intrinsic motives are associated with consistent leisure‐time physical activity.
Este artículo presenta una caracterización las prácticas de utilización del tiempo libre, en relación con el tiempo, lugar y personas con quienes realizan las actividades y las motivaciones, de ...jóvenes escolares de colegios públicos de la localidad de Engativá (Bogotá). Con una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva se desarrolló y aplicó el cuestionario ad hoc Prácticas de tiempo libre y ocio de los jóvenes escolares. La muestra fue de 989 jóvenes de 13 a 19 años, pertenecientes a los grados noveno, décimo y once, previo consentimiento informado. Los resultados mostraron que escuchar música (83,4%), hablar con amigos (69,1%), caminar por el colegio (49,1%) y hacer deporte (45,6%) son las prácticas de tiempo libre que predominan. Estas prácticas tienen una dedicación media de 30 minutos a dos horas diarias. Los lugares más recurrentes donde se desarrollan son el salón de clase, el patio de descanso, la casa y el parque del barrio. Las razones más frecuentes para realizarlas son por elección libre y por disfrute. En cuanto a con quién se realizan estas actividades, prevaleció la práctica individual o con amigos. Se concluyó que predomina concebir el ocio como actividades autónomas, y también que las actividades de tiempo libre y ocio son similares entre el colegio, fuera de él, y los fines de semana, con alguna variación entre géneros y grupos etarios.
Palabras clave: tiempo libre, ocio, prácticas, jóvenes escolares, colegios públicos.
Abstract. This article presents a characterize the practices of use of free time, in relation to the time, place and people with whom they carry out the activities and the motivations, in young schoolchildren from public schools in the town of Engativá (Bogotá). With a descriptive quantitative methodology, the ad hoc questionnaire was developed and applied Free time and leisure practices of young schoolchildren. The sample was done with 989 young people from 13 to 19 years old, belonging to the ninth, tenth and eleventh grades, prior consent informed. The results showed that listening to music (83.4%), talking with friends (69.1%), walking around the school (49.1%) and playing sports (45.6%) are the predominant free time practices. These practices have an average dedication of 30 minutes to two hours on a daily basis. The most recurrent places where they take place are the classroom, the playground, the house and the neighborhood park. The most frequent reasons for perform them are by free choice and enjoyment. As to who these activities are done with, individual practice or with friends prevailed. It was concluded that prevails to conceive leisure as autonomous activities, and also that the free time activities and leisure are similar between school, outside of it, and on weekends, with some variation within genders and age groups.
Keywords: free time, leisure, practices, young schoolchildren, public schools.
Previous studies underscore the protective role of physical activity (PA) in bone health, yet the relationship between different PA categories and osteoporosis risk remains less explored. ...Understanding the relationships helps tailor health recommendations and policies to maximize the effects of preventing osteoporosis.
The cross-sectional study involves 488,403 UK Biobank participants with heel quantitative ultrasound-estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) data. The longitudinal cohort involves 471,394 UK Biobank participants without initial osteoporosis and with follow-up records. PA exposure categories in our study included sedentary behavior (SB), total PA (TPA), and different category-specific PA including household, leisure, and work PA. The cases of osteoporosis were assessed using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). The linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used in our study.
In the cross-sectional study, 15,818 (3.28 %) participants had osteoporosis. TPA levels have a positive correlation with eBMD and a negative correlation with osteoporosis prevalence. Among different categories of PA, higher levels of leisure PA were correlated with increased eBMD and a lower osteoporosis risk (leisure PA: OR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.79 to 0.86;). In the longitudinal study, 16,058 (17.6 % male, 82.4 % female) (3.41 %) individuals developed osteoporosis during an average follow-up of 13 years. We observed consistent protective effects of high levels of PA on osteoporosis incidence risk, particularly within the category of leisure PA (TPA: HR: 0.78, 95 % CI: 0.74 to 0.82; leisure PA:HR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.80 to 0.87). Such associations are independent of genetic predisposition, with no evidence of gene-PA interactions, and keep steady among individuals using drugs affecting bone-density. Moreover, among different leisure PA items, strenuous sports, other exercises, and walking for pleasure conferred a substantial protective effect against osteoporosis. Additionally, non-elderly individuals and males exhibited lower osteoporosis risk from PA.
This study highlights activity categories differently associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Adherence to frequent leisure PA may have a protective effect against osteoporosis. Such associations are independent of genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis and keep steady among individuals using drugs affecting bone-density. This highlights that leisure PA could be suggested as a more effective intervention in the primary prevention of osteoporosis.
•Adherence to frequent leisure PA may have a protective effect against osteoporosis.•Such associations are independent of genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis and keep steady among individuals using drugs affecting bone metabolism.•This highlights that leisure PA could be suggested as a more effective intervention in the primary prevention of osteoporosis.
The aims of this paper were: 1) to analyse the levels of physical activity in leisure time and the BMI of adolescents according to their status and sex; and 2) analyse if there are differences in ...satisfaction with Physical Education, with life and support for autonomy by the Physical Education teacher based on gender and levels of physical activity in free time. 1501 compulsory secondary education students from public schools in Baja California and Nuevo León participated in the study. Of the total sample, 749 were girls (Mage = 14.0, SD = ,3), and 752 boys (Mage = 14.1, SD = ,3). A questionnaire made up of the following scales was used: BMI, Levels of Physical Activity in Free Time, Satisfaction with the Physical Education subject, Satisfaction with life and Support for Autonomy by the Physical Education teacher. The statistical analyses that were carried out were descriptive, the Mann-Withney U test, Kruskal Wallis H with the SPSS v.25. The results revealed significant differences according to sex and according to state. Higher levels of physical activity in free time were associated with greater enjoyment of Physical Education, of life and of support for autonomy by the Physical Education teacher.
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) decreases allostatic load (AL), a measure of burden of chronic stress. However, the role of occupational PA (OPA) is unknown. This study examined associations of ...OPA and LTPA with AL among workers in the United States (US).
This cross-sectional study included 6944 US workers aged 20–64 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018). PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. AL was calculated using biomarkers of cardiovascular health, metabolic function and immune response. Associations of OPA and LTPA were examined with AL using negative binomial regressions. Analyses were conducted between August 2022 and March 2023.
Vigorous LTPA inversely associated with AL among all workers (count ratio = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.62–0.76) and in each sex- and age- stratified group (i.e., females aged 20–44 years, females aged 45–64 years, males aged 20–44 years, and males aged 45–64 years), as well as in each race/ethnicity- stratified group (i.e., Whites, Blacks, Hispanics). Vigorous OPA positively associated with AL only among females aged 20–44 years 1.38 (1.10–1.73). Inverse associations of vigorous LTPA with AL were similar in young females with high 0.61 (0.50–0.75) or low 0.66 (0.60–0.74) vigorous OPA.
Increasing vigorous LTPA is associated with a lower AL for all workers, while increasing vigorous OPA is associated with a higher AL only in young females. Promoting vigorous LTPA reduces AL among young females with either low or high vigorous OPA.
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between leisure physical activity and high-risk behaviors with personality mediating role in students of University of Isfahan. ...Method The research method was descriptive-correlational and in terms of purpose was part of applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of University of Isfahan in the academic year 2020-2021(16,563 people) 375 people were selected as a sample by stratified sampling method using the Krejcie and Morgan’s table. A researcher-made checklist of leisure-time physical activity, high-risk behaviors, and personality questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the research tools and their reliability (by Cronbach's alpha test) were evaluated. Research data were collected in library and field sections. To analyze the research data, descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Finding The results showed that high-risk behaviors are less in the leisure time of active students. In addition, with increasing physical activity in leisure time, high-risk behaviors decrease. On the other hand, the more psychotic students are, the more high-risk behaviors are likely to happen. In addition, the separate relationships between leisure-time physical activity and personality with high-risk behaviors were significant. Discussion However, the results showed that when the personality variable was included in the relationship between leisure physical activity and high-risk behaviors, the relationship between the two variables became insignificant. Therefore, in order to reduce high-risk behaviors among students, it is better for university officials to increase the possibility of students participating in leisure-time physical activities by holding extracurricular sports classes and easy access to sports facilities.
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between leisure physical activity and high-risk behaviors with personality mediating role in students of University of Isfahan. ...Method The research method was descriptive-correlational and in terms of purpose was part of applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of University of Isfahan in the academic year 2020-2021(16,563 people) 375 people were selected as a sample by stratified sampling method using the Krejcie and Morgan’s table. A researcher-made checklist of leisure-time physical activity, high-risk behaviors, and personality questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the research tools and their reliability (by Cronbach's alpha test) were evaluated. Research data were collected in library and field sections. To analyze the research data, descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Finding The results showed that high-risk behaviors are less in the leisure time of active students. In addition, with increasing physical activity in leisure time, high-risk behaviors decrease. On the other hand, the more psychotic students are, the more high-risk behaviors are likely to happen. In addition, the separate relationships between leisure-time physical activity and personality with high-risk behaviors were significant. Discussion However, the results showed that when the personality variable was included in the relationship between leisure physical activity and high-risk behaviors, the relationship between the two variables became insignificant. Therefore, in order to reduce high-risk behaviors among students, it is better for university officials to increase the possibility of students participating in leisure-time physical activities by holding extracurricular sports classes and easy access to sports facilities.
The basis of this article is an extensive review of research literature on leisure-time pedagogy in Denmark and Sweden. 68 Danish and 71 Swedish publications were included. The aim of this article is ...two-fold. First, we compare the findings and point out the dominating themes in the literature. Secondly, we want to discuss the themes in a power perspective, reflecting on what they could imply for existing and future leisure-time pedagogy as well as its position in both the scientific and educational field. In the analysis, we demonstrate that both countries have a strong focus on children aged 6–10 in primary school and leisure-time centers. Where Danish research focuses on collaboration between teachers and pedagogues, Swedish research concentrates on the professional identity of leisure-time teachers. Based on theoretical discussions, inspired by Pierre Bourdieu and Gert Biesta, we discuss power structures and prevaling themes in the pool of publications, and finally we conclude that both countries’ general research foci can be understood as representations of a qualification domain.
Current Parents and Children's Leisure Time Mendelová, Eleonóra; Gužíková, Libuša
Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University,
04/2023, Volume:
10, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This paper presents research focused on investigating contemporary parents and selected aspects of their influence on children's leisure time, emphasizing how and to what extent parents organize ...their children's leisure time. Parents from different regions of Slovakia participated in the research, and we processed the results using descriptive statistics. For comparison, we used the Student T-test, Mann-Whitney Test (for comparing two groups), and Kruskal-Wallis Test (for comparing three or more groups). The research showed that respondents judge current parenting as different and significantly more challenging compared to the past. They perceive differences in the sphere of leisure time of families, especially in the fact that parents give fewer responsibilities to children than the previous generation of parents. The research also shows that the problem of contemporary families is the absence of time spent together by parents and children, the absence of family communication, and the high level of organization of children's leisure time by parents. The authors point out that parents in a postmodern society have to deal with the difficulties of ensuring the family's economic stability, which is why two-career marriages are a reality in contemporary families. It has been proven that today's parents are busier with work and are more engaged outside the family, as a result of which they spend less time with their children, which negatively affects their upbringing, there is a lack of quality family communication, and children feel lonely and deprived of parental attention. It was also found that in the modern family, students are involved in housework much less than in the past, so they mostly have no experience of work in this aspect. It is emphasized that the compensation of parental influence with other means of education - media, technology (smartphones, tablets, computers), and the virtual world (social networks) is alarming. The decline in the development of reading interests in the family is outlined, and the tendency of parents to replace the joint reading of children's books with modern technologies is revealed.
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