What are known as specialized or specialist dictionaries are much more than lists of words and their definitions with occasional comments on things such as synonymy and homonymy. That is to say, a ...particular specialist term may be associated with many other concepts, including quotations, different senses, etymological categories, semantic categories, superordinate and subordinate terms in the terminological hierarchy, spelling variants, and references to background sources discussing the exact meaning and application of the term. The various concepts, in turn, form networks of mutual links, which makes the structure of the background concepts demanding to model when designing a database structure for this type of dictionary. The
Dictionary of medical vocabulary in English, 1375–1550
is a specialized historical dictionary that covers the vast medical lexicon of the centuries examined. It comprises over 12,000 terms, each of them associated with a host of background concepts. Compiling the dictionary took over 15 years. The process started with an analysis of hand-written manuscripts and early printed books from different sources and ended with the electronic dictionary described in the present paper. Over these years, the conceptual structure, database schema, and requirements for essential use cases were iteratively developed. In our paper, we introduce the conceptual structure and database schema modelled for implementing an electronic dictionary that involves different use cases such as term insertion and linking a term to related concepts. The achieved conceptual model, database structure, and use cases provide a general framework for reference-oriented specialized dictionaries, including ones with a historical orientation.
The article is devoted to the description of structure and content peculiarities of the dictionary entry of the educational linguoculturological dictionary. The originality of the research concerns ...the development of the structure and semantics of the dictionary entry of the educational linguoculturological dictionary of paremias representing the concept of BUSINESS in the Russian language. The description takes into account semantic gaps of the culture that the dictionary is focused on. In this article attention is paid to cultural mental attitudes, which are expressed by Russian and Chinese language paremias. Which is why cultural settings were the subject of a linguoculturological description and were offered as one of the main parameters of the educational dictionary. It is the mental attitudes of culture that have become the subject of linguoculturological description and we offer them as one of the main elements of the educational dictionary. The object of the study is the paremias of the two languages that characterize the concepts of business, work, labor, and craft. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the general and national-specific mental attitudes of culture and their representation in the educational linguoculturological dictionary. Russian and Chinese dictionaries of paremias (e.g. the Big Dictionary of Russian Proverbs, V.M. Mokienko, T.G. Nikitina, E.K. Nikolaeva, collection of proverbs by A.I. Dal, Big Dictionary of Chinese Proverbs by Wen Duanzheng) served as the sources of the material. The analysis of bilingual linguoculturological dictionaries is carried out, which helps to identify the basic principles of constructing a dictionary article, and a model of a dictionary article of a linguoculturological educational dictionary aimed at native speakers of the Chinese language is proposed. The creation of the educational linguoculturological dictionaries will help improve the process of intercultural communication.
The author explores the historical development of Ukrainian linguistic terminology within the framework of national terminography, lexicography, encyclopediography. The article reviews and analyses ...the academic references encomprassing 1) nationally specific and borrowed terms as well as concepts in traditional and emerging linguistics branches (e.g., the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by Ye. Krotevych and N. Rodzevytch; Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by D. Hanych and I. Oliinyk; Dictionary of Modern Linguistics: Concepts and Terms; Modern Linguistic Dictionary by A. Zahnitko; Ukrainian. Concise Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by S. Yermolenko, S. Bybyk, and O. Todor; Modern Linguistics: Terminological Encyclopedia by O. Selivanova; The Ukrainian Language. Encyclopaedia; etc.), and 2) personalities of Ukrainian linguists (e.g., Ukrainian Grammar in Names by A. Zahnitko, M. Balko; Nizhyn Linguistics by N. Boiko, S. Zinchenko, A. Kaidash; etc.). The author systemizes and classifies encyclopedic works based on different criteria in the classical way (according to nature of information: domain, subject-specific, biographical, personal works; according to target audience: professional linguistics, student philologists, applicants, pupils; according regional focus of linguistic conceptions: the Nizhyn region, the Poltava region; according to article structure: alphabetical, alphabetical-and-clustered), as well as in the new way (syncretism of linguistic and encyclopedic genres: subject-specific linguistic-and-encyclopedic-and-biographic works, domain regional-and-biographic ones, subject-specific regional-and-biographic ones). The universal and specific principles of forming the definitional part of both linguistic-encyclopedic and encyclopedic articles include interpretation by an author, macro- and mini-discursive cross-references, hyperlinks, scholarly inter-texts, novelty, debatable issues personal and bibliographic remarks, and global linguistic experience.
The article provides an overview of reviews of the «Dictionary of the Chuvash language» by N.I. Ashmarin, published in foreign scientific journals. The thesaurus became available to a wide circle of ...Western linguists after its release in 1968 in the form of a photolithographic edition with a foreword by G. Durfer at the Indiana University in the USA. The research material was reviewed by J. Benzing, G. Dörfer, B. Scherner, M.J. Dresden, K.G. Menges and W. Brands. Many of these documents are kept in the scientific archive of the Chuvash State Institute of the Humanities. The work is written in a scientific vein. The purpose of this work is to introduce into the scientific use of Russian Chuvash studies reviews of N.I. Ashmarin. The thesaurus of the Chuvash language of the outstanding scientist received positive reviews from many foreign colleagues with a worldwide reputation. This work for them became the best source of information about the Chuvash language. For the development of Ashmarin studies, it is important to publish documents, including reviews, one way or another related to the scientist. In this regard, reviews are important documents that contribute to an objective assessment of the results of the scientific activity of the researcher.
This article
delves into the impact of colonialist and racist ideologies as manifested in lexicons, with a special focus on the
(1885) and other lexicons from the German colonialist period ...(1884–1914). By examining the front matter and selected entries from these lexicons, the article uncovers the origins of racial hierarchies and scrutinizes dehumanization tactics, including the use of animal metaphors. Moreover, the article provides historical context to understand the language and rhetorical devices employed by lexicographers such as Paul Heichen in the
. Additionally, it emphasizes the pivotal role that colonialist ideologies played in influencing the ideologies embraced by the Nazi regime in its war of extermination. Through this analysis, the article sheds light on the historical significance of lexicons in perpetuating and legitimizing derogatory language, while also underscoring their relevance in comprehending the broader socio-political impact of colonialism and racism.
This research uncovers lexical contact between English and other languages in texts about the part of the Spanish Philippines under the control of the British East India Company from September 1762 ...to April 1764. Better known as the
, the texts in English sent to, and received from, British India are scrutinised in search of the British East India Company’s vocabulary. That vocabulary partly consists of lexemes found in the English/British East India Company’s consultations worldwide but unrecorded in monolingual dictionaries and glossaries of major and/or minor varieties of English. The
contain lexemes unrecorded in the
, the
, and/or the
. The 38 lexemes here considered instances of the British East India Company’s vocabulary might be included in those, and/or other, dictionaries and glossaries of British English, Indian English, and/or Philippine English if expansive criteria for lexeme inclusion were applied.
Although the contribution of linguistics to terminology is widely recognized today, there remains a lack of tools allowing the construction of specialized dictionaries that deal with both the ...conceptual and the linguistic dimension of the terms. In this paper we present LexO, a collaborative web editor that was built with the aim of filling this gap. The guiding principles of LexO are the following:
) to allow terminologists to define the morphological, syntactic and semantic features of a term, w.r.t. the traditional onomasiological perspective;
) to adhere to the open science philosophy and to the FAIR principles, so to create specialized dictionaries that can be shared and reused within the scientific community.
U radu se kritički pristupa poimanju rječnika kao
neutralnog izvora znanja. Rječnik se proučava kao zbirka tragova koje u njemu
ostavljaju autori i sredina u kojoj nastaje. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja ...otkriti kako su se u
jednojezičnim objasnidbenim rječnicima hrvatskoga i češkog jezika odrazile
razlike u društvenom uređenju dviju bivših socijalistički uređenih država: SFRJ
i Čehoslovačke. Provedena je sociolingvistička poredbena analiza prvenstveno
predgovora čeških i hrvatskih rječnika objavljenih tijekom socijalističkog
razdoblja. Posebna pozornost posvećena je dijelovima teksta koji se odnose na
društvenu zbilju i okolnosti nastanka rječnika. Glavna pretpostavka bila je da
će socijalizmu i njegovim utjecajima na leksikografiju više pozornosti biti
posvećeno u češkim rječnicima, dok će hrvatski rječnici u većoj mjeri
obrađivati temu jezika kao indeksa nacionalnoga identiteta.
Analiza dobivenih podataka bolje rasvjetljuje
položaj leksikografske djelatnosti u uspoređivanim društvima i opisuje utjecaje
koje na nju imaju nejezikoslovne (ekonomske, političke, ideološke) okolnosti.
Rezultati potvrđuju hipotezu o prisutnosti teme socijalizma u češkim rječnicima
i teme jezika kao indeksa nacionalnoga identiteta u hrvatskim rječnicima.
This paper
takes a critical approach to understanding a dictionary as a neutral source of
knowledge. A dictionary is studied as a collection of traces left in it by its
authors and the society in which the dictionary is created. The main aim
of this study is to discover how the monolingual explanatory Czech and Croatian
dictionaries reflect differences in social organisation of the two former
socialist republics: Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. A sociolinguistic
comparative analysis of the forewords of Czech and Croatian dictionaries
published during the socialist period was carried out. Special attention was
paid to the parts of the text referring to the social reality and circumstances
related to the creation of each dictionary. The main hypothesis was that in
Czech dictionaries more attention had been dedicated to socialism and its
relations to lexicography, whereas in Croatian dictionaries the topic of language
as an index of national identity had prevailed. The analysis
reveals differences in the status of lexicography in the two societies and
describes extralinguistic (economic, ideological, political) impacts on
lexicography.
The results
confirm the hypothesis that the topic of socialism is prevalent in Czech
dictionaries, as opposed to the subject of nation being more present in
Croatian dictionaries.
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