The acidic byproducts of bacteria in plaque around orthodontic brackets contribute to white spot lesion (WSL) formation. Nitric oxide (NO) has antibacterial properties, hindering biofilm formation ...and inhibiting the growth of oral microbes. Materials that mimic NO release could prevent oral bacteria-related pathologies. This study aims to integrate S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a promising NO donor, into orthodontic elastomeric ligatures, apply an additional polymer coating, and evaluate the NO-release kinetics and antimicrobial activity against Streptococus mutans. SNAP was added to clear elastomeric chains (8 loops, 23 mm long) at three concentrations (50, 75, 100 mg/mL, and a control). Chains were then coated, via electrospinning, with additional polymer (Elastollan®) to aid in extending the NO release. NO flux was measured daily for 30 days. Samples with 75 mg/mL SNAP + Elastollan® were tested against S. mutans for inhibition of biofilm formation on and around the chain. SNAP was successfully integrated into ligatures at each concentration. Only the 75 mg/mL SNAP chains maintained their elasticity. After polymer coating, samples exhibited a significant burst of NO on the first day, exceeding the machine’s reading capacity, which gradually decreased over 29 days. Ligatures also inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Future research will assess their mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. This study presents a novel strategy to address white spot lesion (WSL) formation and bacterial-related pathologies by utilizing nitric oxide-releasing materials. Manufactured chains with antimicrobial properties provide a promising solution for orthodontic challenges, showing significant potential for academic-industrial collaboration and commercial viability.
BACKGROUNDAverting incidents of patient self-harm is an ongoing challenge in acute inpatient mental health settings. Novel technologies that do not require continuous human visual monitoring and that ...maintain patient privacy may support staff in managing patient safety and intervening proactively to prevent self-harm incidents. AIMTo assess the effect of implementing a contact-free vision-based patient monitoring and management (VBPMM) system on the rate of bedroom self-harm incidents. METHODSA mixed methods non-randomized controlled before-and-after evaluation was conducted over 24 months on one female and one male acute inpatient mental health ward with the VBPMM system. The rates of bedroom self-harm, and of bedroom ligatures specifically, before and after implementation were investigated using quantitative methods. Qualitative methods were also used to explore the perceived effectiveness of the system and its acceptability. RESULTSA -44% relative percentage change in bedroom self-harm incidents and a -48% relative percentage change in bedroom ligatures incidents were observed in the observational wards with the VBPMM system. Staff and patient responses gave insights into system acceptability and the ways in which these reductions may have been achieved. CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that using the VBPMM system helped staff to reduce self-harm incidents, including ligatures, in bedrooms.
Death by hanging is asphyxiation when the body is suspended by means of a ligature. Most deaths by hanging are suicides, though occasionally they are accidental or a homicidal event. The ...characteristics of the hanging marks depend on the ligature used, the dynamics and on the node position with respect to the neck. When the crime scene is contaminated, the hanging mark must be checked with the type of suspension and ligatures used to establish how the hangings took place. We report on 20 cases (2013–2016) where the bodies were moved at or from the crime scene. We analysed the features of hanging marks, the tools of suspension and the ligatures employed in each case. Judicial inspections and an external examination were also carried out. Analysis of hanging marks enables the pathologist to clarify the manner of death and the type of hanging, and tools used especially where the crime scene has been contaminated and the body has been moved.
The importance of well-preserved knots and ligatures, in conjunction with clear and unambiguous photographs and other recording techniques, is demonstrated using comparatively flawed and idealized ...images of mock exhibits. The identification of wends (working ends), stands (standing parts), severed ends, and unobstructed crossing points is critical. Further, determining the lengths of segments and the circumferences of loops, along with rope or cord diameters, can be of assistance during an analysis. Subtle details, such as the interrelationship of various wraps and complex entanglements, can be maintained when employing careful removal procedures. Any information that might be acquired from the knotted evidence could inform subsequent determinations and conclusions. Carefully preserved exhibits and recorded details may assist the analyser of knots and ligatures in establishing the tying sequence, the purpose of those knots, the tying habits and relative skill level displayed, and possibly the number of tiers. Case-specific issues, such as whether the knotted evidence points to homicide or suicide, may be clarified.
Background
During laparoscopic appendectomy, the base of the appendix is usually secured by loop ligature or stapling device. Hem-o-lok and DS clips have been shown as alternative techniques. The aim ...of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of various forms of securing the base of the appendix, in order to find the most suitable method.
Patients and methods
The study included 120 patients with acute appendicitis randomly divided into four groups with 30 patients in each. In the first group, the base of the appendix was secured using an Endoloop, in the second group using a stapling device, in the third group using Hem-o-lok, and in the fourth group using a DS clip. The primary outcome was overall morbidity following securing the base of the appendix. Secondary outcomes were time of application and operative procedure, total length of stay, and surgical outcome.
Results
No morbidity was recorded in any group. The time of application was significantly longer in the Endoloop group than in the Stapler (
P
< 0.0001), Hem-o-lok (
P
< 0.0001), and DS clips (
P
< 0.0001) groups. The time of application in the Stapler group was significantly shorter than in the Hem-o-lok (
P
< 0.0001) and the DS clips (
P
< 0.0001) groups. The time of the operative procedure was significantly longer in the Endoloop than in the Stapler group (
P
< 0.0001). The time of the operative procedure in the Stapler group was significantly shorter than in the DS clips group (
P
< 0.0001) but did not differ significantly from the Hem-o-lok group (
P
= 0.199). The time of the operative procedure in the Hem-o-lok group was significantly shorter than in the DS clips group (
P
= 0.044).
Conclusion
All forms of closure of the appendix base are acceptable, but Hem-o-lok and DS clips have the best potential for further development, and will probably become the method of choice in securing the base of the appendix.
Besides, other factors, the choice of materials used as orthodontic ligatures could be one of the many tools to counter the effects of microbial adhesion, that culminates into dental ailments. ...Therefore, we assessed bacterial adhesion on elastomeric ligatures with special reference to coloured elastomeric rings during orthodontic treatment.
A split mouth study, involving 240 samples of different elastomeric ligatures from forty orthodontic patients possessing good oral hygiene was carried out. The archwire was ligated to the brackets on both arches with elastomeric rings (superslick, clear transparent , blue and pink) at predetermined quadrants. After six weeks, ligatures from second premolars were removed and processed for bacterial enumeration using standard techniques. Bacterial counts were also determined for stimulated saliva samples taken at 0 and 6 weeks.
A statistically significant difference in bacterial counts was obtained amongst different elastomeric modules used. Maximum bacterial counts were found on conventional pigmented elastomeric modules, followed by Superslick module and clear module. More number of bacteria associated with the conventional pink as compared to the conventional blue pigmented modules, however it was not statistically significant. The three bacterial genera
and
adhered to elastomeric modules in following predominant pattern i.e. Conventional pink>Conventional Blue>Superslick>Clear.
The studies evidenced colour and material dependent bacterial colonization on orthodontic modules and could be an indicator of bacterial biofilm forming potential based on surface chemistries and a clinically efficacious tool to redesign conventional and modified elastomeric rings as orthodontic ligation accessories.
Bacterial colonization, biofilm, coloured elastomers, orthodontic ligatures.
In kashgarli / ny / voice Gökçen DURUKOĞLU
Uluslararası türk lehçe araştırmaları dergisi : Online,
06/2021, Volume:
5, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In the 11th century, Kashgarli Mahmut traveled around the Turkic world and recorded all kinds of assets belonging to Turks in Dîwânu Lugâti't-Türk. Dîwânu Lugâti't-Türk is the first work of Turkic ...dialect research science; it is the work of not only the standard language of the 11th century, but also of all Turkic dialects together with their subdialects. In this century, Kashgarli introduced and explained all the Turkic dialects in this century to the target audience of Arabs, together with their changing voices, forms and vocabulary. In order to do this, he personally applied criteria such as "hearing, seeing" which are the basis of modern dialect research; He brought together the science of Turkic materials he obtained as a result of field research under the name of Dîwânu Lugâti't-Türk. Based on these facts, it would not be wrong to state that the value of every information given by Kashgarli in Dîwânu Lugâti't-Türk and every spelling he used while writing Turkish words is more than thought. Kashgarli Mahmut preferred a special spelling in the spelling of some words written with the / ny / sound in Diwan before the 11th century. While writing the words in question in Arabic letters, he used the dots of ye on a single tooth and below the nun: as in the example. The words written with this spelling in Dîwân were read as two separate words by researches. However, the attitude of Kashgarlı in general of Dîwân and his explanations on the words in question require the spelling with the dots of nun on the single tooth and the dots of ye below it to be read as /ny/. It should not be forgotten that Dîwânu Lugâti’t-Türk is a work created as a result of field research; it is the result of this fact that a linguist like Kashgarli came across with the /ny / sound that existed in the period just before him and showed it in his work. The /ny/ sound, which existed in the Turkic inscriptions with runic letters before the 11th century, continued its existence in this century and was shown by Kashgarli in Dîwânu Lugâti't-Türk.
This study focuses on cursive text recognition appearing in videos, using a complete framework of deep neural networks. While mature video optical character recognition systems (V-OCRs) are available ...for text in non-cursive scripts, recognition of cursive scripts is marked by many challenges. These include complex and overlapping ligatures, context-dependent shape variations and presence of a large number of dots and diacritics. The authors present an analytical technique for recognition of cursive caption text that relies on a combination of convolutional and recurrent neural networks trained in an end-to-end framework. Text lines extracted from video frames are preprocessed to segment the background and are fed to a convolutional neural network for feature extraction. The extracted feature sequences are fed to different variants of bi-directional recurrent neural networks along with the ground truth transcription to learn sequence-to-sequence mapping. Finally, a connectionist temporal classification layer is employed to produce the final transcription. Experiments on a data set of more than 40,000 text lines from 11,192 video frames of various News channel videos reported an overall character recognition rate of 97.63%. The proposed work employs Urdu text as a case study but the findings can be generalised to other cursive scripts as well.
It is imperative to analyze the forces and moments produced by various auxiliaries in order to select the optimal attachments and, eventually, to maximize the efficacy and efficiency of orthodontic ...therapy. Through this investigation, we aimed to highlight the impact of various aligner auxiliaries on orthodontic activity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment on a pre/post treatment protocol basis.
After a thorough search of the online journals, a total of 482 documents were found using keywords such as “Orthodontic Treatment”, “Aligner Auxiliaries”, “Elastic Ligatures” and “Tooth Movement.” The database research, elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction and risk of bias were performed by the authors independently. This systematic review and network meta-analysis included prospective studies and clinical trials to evaluate research that had looked at the impact of various aligner auxiliaries on orthodontic activity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Eight investigations of varying designs were selected for this review. The majority of investigations revealed that aligner auxiliaries significantly improve anterior root torque, rotation, and mesio-distal (M−D) movement, as well as posterior anchoring. They also significantly improved anterior root rotation. However, few studies have presented inconsistent or non-statistically significant findings.
Auxiliaries for aligners also appear to improve extrusion and other orthodontic movements, but there is insufficient evidence to support these claims. No research has examined posterior bucco-lingual expansion or tilting. Clarification of the effect of attachments and their related variables requires additional clinical investigations.
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