The necessity for global engineering and technological solutions to address rural environmental challenges is paramount, particularly in improving rural waste treatment and infrastructure. This study ...presents a comprehensive quantitative analysis of 3901 SCI/SSCI and 3818 Chinese CSCD papers, spanning from 1989 to 2021, using tools like Derwent Data Analyzer and VOSviewer. Our key findings reveal a significant evolution in research focus, including a 716.67% increase in global publications from 1995 to 2008 and a 154.76% surge from 2015 to 2021, highlighting a growing research interest with technological hotspots in rural revitalization engineering and agricultural waste recycling. China and the USA are pivotal, contributing 784 and 714 publications respectively. Prominent institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences play a crucial role, particularly in fecal waste treatment technology. These insights advocate for enhanced policy development and practical implementations to foster inclusive and sustainable rural environments globally.
The research objective is to find out how criminal law against the environment accommodates criminal acts committed by corporations and to find out the practice of settlement through criminal law ...instruments in terms of corporate criminal liability in the environmental sector. The research method used is a normative juridical research method. There is the existence of criminal law as a part of 3 law enforcement regimes (state administrative law and civil law). then the involvement of criminal law in the settlement in the environmental sector regulates the existence of corporate criminal liability (business entity) as a subject of criminal law. The corporate criminal responsibility used by the UUPPLH is strict liability according to the law.
There are substantial regional differences in drinking alcohol in Russia, both at the population and individual levels. However, the causes of these differences have not been studied yet.
The goal of ...our study was to examine the effect of regional living conditions on individual alcohol consumption by the population of Russia.
For the analysis, we used data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in 2013‒2014. The final analytical sample included 18,130 people aged 25‒64 years. We conducted the interviews face to face, based on which any drinking in the last year, as well as alcohol abuse, were considered as a response. Alcohol abuse was recorded when the respondent consumed 5.75 or more grams of pure ethanol per day (75th percentile of average daily alcohol consumption among alcohol drinkers). The assessment of the regional living conditions was accomplished via integral indexing, which was previously performed based on publicly available data for 2010–2014. Associations were assessed using generalized scoring equations with unchanging standard errors. The associations were expressed by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Deterioration of social conditions and increase in demographic depression in the region of residence increased the odds of any drinking (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.33 to 1.72, P < 0.001 and OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.41, P = 0.009, respectively). The odds of alcohol abuse increased with the deterioration of social living conditions and the growth of the industrial development in the region: OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.59, P < 0.001 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.28, P = 0.002, respectively.
Our analysis allowed assessing the impact of the regional living conditions on individual drinking alcohol in the population of Russia.
Green space exposure provides greater beneficial effects on residents compared to unnatural spaces, commonly referred to as “gray spaces”. However, during rapid urbanization, gray spaces expand more ...quickly than green spaces, often encroaching upon and overtaking these natural environments. This unchecked growth leads to detrimental impacts on the human habitat and overall environmental quality. Consequently, it is essential to meticulously assess the spatial and temporal patterns of residents' exposure levels, as well as to thoroughly investigate the underlying driving mechanisms behind these changes. This study used population-weighted exposure level measurements to assess gray and green space exposure in Chinese cities in the early 21st Century (2000–2019). Additionally, the Gray-Green space Exposure Ratio (GER) was calculated, and the spatiotemporal driving mechanism of GER by each factor was analyzed by geostatistical modeling. The results show that gray space exposure is generally increasing in China, especially in eastern parts of China. The probability of exposure to gray spaces exceeds that of green spaces in some high urbanization rate cities. This trend will continue, albeit at a slower rate. Urban sprawl, built-up area density, and increased electricity consumption were the main drivers of rising GER, whereas greenspace integrity contributed to lower GER; the driving mechanisms for GER changes were spatiotemporal heterogeneous. This study provides a reliable reference for restoring the green space exposure to promote the living environment constructing and residents' access to nature.
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•The Gray-Green space Exposure Ratio (GER) of Chinese residents was measured.•Chinese residents are less likely to be exposed to green spaces in the 21st century.•Residents in large cities are more likely to be exposed to gray spaces.•The GER and its increase were both higher in eastern China than in western China.•Urbanization dominated the rise in the GER, with spatial and temporal heterogeneity.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbiotas at the macroscale level are largely driven by ecological variables. The diet and living environment of the oriental fruit fly,
, diversify during development, ...providing a natural system to explore convergence, divergence, and repeatability in patterns of microbiota dynamics as a function of the host diet, phylogeny, and environment. Here, we characterized the microbiotas of 47
individuals from three distinct populations by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. A significant deviation was found within the larvae, pupae, and adults of each population. Pupae were characterized by an increased bacterial taxonomic and functional diversity. Principal components analysis showed that the microbiotas of larvae, pupae, and adults clearly separated into three clusters.
, and
were the predominant families in larval and adult samples, and PICRUSt analysis indicated that phosphoglycerate mutases and transketolases were significantly enriched in larvae, while phosphoglycerate mutases, transketolases, and proteases were significantly enriched in adults, which may support the digestive function of the microbiotas in larvae and adults. The abundances of
(mainly
) and
(mainly
) were significantly higher in pupae, and the antibiotic transport system ATP-binding protein and antibiotic transport system permease protein pathways were significantly enriched there as well, indicating the defensive function of microbiotas in pupae. Overall, differences in the microbiotas of the larvae, pupae, and adults are likely to contribute to differences in nutrient assimilation and living environments.
This study aimed to present the menarcheal ages of girls from different families, backgrounds, and social strata with respect to their BMI. This study included 119 girls (aged 16–19 years) from ...Polish sports schools. Using a diagnostic questionnaire, data on the girls’ age at menarche, their living environment, parents’ education and occupation, social origin, and others were collected. The body height and mass of the girls were measured, and the Body Mass Index was calculated. The significance of the differences was assessed using ANOVA, Fisher’s least significant difference test, and t-test. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated and the analysis of correspondence was made between the age of menarche and the ranked variables. In conclusion, the average age of menarche among the studied samples did not significantly differ from that in the population living in western Poland. Girls from locations with 100,000 or more inhabitants and whose parents have higher or secondary comprehensive education are early maturing, whereas those from smaller towns and villages and whose parents only have primary education are late maturing. Girls with overweight or obesity mature earlier than normal and underweight girls.
The concept of mixed land use encompasses both land-use diversity and land-use compatibility. However, the negative effects of unreasonable land mixing on the living environment must be considered. ...In an empirical study of 18 villages in Hebei Province, China, an analytical framework was constructed to investigate the influence of mixed land use in rural settlements on the quality of living environment. The results are as follows: (1) The index of living environment for villages with high and low levels of mixed land use was 0.0194 and 0.0143 in 2010, and 0.0433 and 0.0337 in 2020, respectively. The growth index of living environment for villages with high and low growth rates of mixed land use was 217.16% and 112.07% from 2010 to 2020. (2) Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the levels (growth rates) of mixed land use and living environment. Additionally, Mann-Whitney U analysis showed that mixed land use can improve the quality of living environment. (3) The land-use diversity had a significant influence on the economy, infrastructure, and governance indicators of living environment. Land-use compatibility had a significant influence on the service indicator. This study indicates that improving the internal structure of rural settlements to optimize its mixed land use is an effective way to promote the comprehensive improvement of living environment.
•The mixed use of rural residential areas measured by indicators of land use diversity and compatibility.•Spearman correlation analysis and Mann–Whitney U analysis were used to explore the relationship between the mixed use of rural residential areas and the quality of human settlements.•The land use diversity of rural residential areas has a significant effect on the economic and governance components of human settlements, and the land use compatibility has a significant effect on the environmental component.
The clean transformation of domestic sewage treatment is essential for addressing the challenges of current rural environmental pollution. Village cadres, as rural leaders, play a crucial role in ...organizing and coordinating farmers' participation in improving sewage treatment. Although previous studies have highlighted the importance of domestic sewage treatment, research on how rural leaders' qualities influence farmers' sewage treatment practices remains significantly limited. To fill this gap and clarify the relationship between the qualities of village cadres and farmers' participation in domestic sewage treatment, this study focuses on analyzing whether improving the village cadres’ quality can lead to enhanced scientific treatment of rural domestic sewage by farmers. Through linear regression analysis of a sample of rural residents in Jiangxi Province, China, this study demonstrates that the improved quality of village cadres positively affects farmers' scientific treatment of domestic wastewater. The study also finds that farmers' trust in village cadres plays a significant role in aiding high-quality leaders to improve farmers' scientific wastewater treatment behaviors. Moreover, compared to farmers in villages without a representative village council system, those in villages with such a system are more likely to be influenced by high-quality village cadres, thereby improving their wastewater treatment practices. Based on these findings, this article offers practical implications for policymakers and researchers aiming to strengthen rural environmental governance and sustainable development efforts.
Household waste and uncontrolled urbanization management are considered major problems in African countries. In the Hodna region, the phenomenon seems to be more important in urban centers because of ...the huge amount of household waste generated by domestic and commercial activities. In most Algerian cities, solid waste is piled up in huge quantities in dumps and is dumped indiscriminately in waterways and public spaces. Uncontrolled urbanization, industrial development, and the evolution of lifestyle lead to increased production of waste, whereas the waste management techniques used in urban areas should be reconsidered. From this perspective, this paper studies and analyses in a spatio-temporal approach, the practices of household waste management in the city of M’sila in order to evaluate the state of such management and identify the key elements of integrated planning of waste management.
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