•The conformational structure of yellow lupin protein isolates was modified by defatting.•Hot and cold defatting further expose the hydrophobic groups present in proteins.•Hot and cold defatting ...increases protein surface hydrophobicity.•Hot and cold defatting induces a decrease in the turbidity and water retention capacity.•Hot and cold defatting modify the protein structure by reducing the content of α-helix.•Hot and cold defatting induced a decrease in the tryptophan maximum fluorescence intensity o.
This study investigates the structure, physico-chemical and functional properties of yellow lupin isolate protein (YLPI) obtained by different processes (conventional wet and purely aqueous fractionation) from un-defatted (YLPIU), and hot (YLPIHD) and cold (YLPICD) defatted flour. The defatting process modified the physical, structural and functional characteristics of lupin protein isolates. Indeed, a decrease of α-helix, free sulfhydryl groups amount and an increase of disulfide bond levels were observed for defatted samples, improving their emulsifying stability. The defatting process exposes the hydrophobic groups present within the YLPI, which increases total sulfhydryl content and protein surface hydrophobicity. Hot and cold defatting induced a decrease in turbidity, water-holding capacity, oil adsorption capacity, tapped and poured bulk densities. In addition, the defatting process changed the particle size of protein isolates that induced changes in their viscosity. Tryptophan spectra and protein surface hydrophobicity indicated that YLPICD and YLPIHD underwent structural conformational change during the defatting process.
Lupins and other legumes have been considered as alternative plant-based protein sources to soybeans for both humans and livestock. Furthermore, they can contribute to more sustainable agricultural ...systems. The productivity and chemical composition of legumes is highly variable between species, cultivars, and with the edaphoclimatic conditions.
This work evaluated the adaptability of seven
cultivars in two different sowing locations, during two consecutive years, through the characterization of their seed, as a means of investigating their suitability to be used as a source of food and/or feed.
cv. Tango and
cv. Acos were the most stable genotypes across the environments when considering the seed and protein production, while
cv. Alburquerque and
cv. Mister showed less variation in the total alkaloid content across the environments. The edaphoclimatic conditions affected seed and protein yields, as higher rainfall resulted in high productivity. The lower temperatures observed in the first year at both locations caused a reduction in the production of alkaloids in
cv. Acos and Cardiga. Due to the high alkaloid content of some of the studied cultivars their use as food or feed can pose some safety concerns. However, these cultivars can have high levels of resistance to herbivore and insect attacks, which can be of the utmost importance for the use of these crops for recovering poor or exhausted soils.
There is a renewed interest on the reliance of food-based bioactive compounds as sources of nutritive factors and health-beneficial chemical compounds. Among these food components, several proteins ...from foods have been shown to promote health and wellness as seen in proteins such as α/γ-conglutins from the seeds of Lupinus species (Lupin), a genus of leguminous plant that are widely used in traditional medicine for treating chronic diseases. Lupin-derived peptides (LDPs) are increasingly being explored and they have been shown to possess multifunctional health improving properties. This paper discusses the intestinal transport, bioavailability and biological activities of LDPs, focusing on molecular mechanisms of action as reported in in vitro, cell culture, animal and human studies. The potentials of several LDPs to demonstrate multitarget mechanism of regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, chemo- and osteoprotective properties, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities position LDPs as good candidates for nutraceutical development for the prevention and management of medical conditions whose etiology are multifactorial.
Lupin Protein Isolates (L) are considered as promising ingredients. The effects of different solvent extractions of un-defatted (L-U), hot (L-HD) and cold (L-CD) lupin flour on the physicochemical, ...functional and structural parameters were determined. Hot defatting increased the protein yield and the purity, and increased the particle size, while cold defatting decreased the particle size of lupin isolates. Regarding the amount of free sulfhydryl groups, hot defatting allowed a reduction in free sulfhydryl groups and an increase in the amount of disulfide bridges. Hot and cold defatting resulted in a remarkable decrease in the maximum fluorescence intensity of lupin protein isolates. Regarding the secondary structure determined by mid-infrared, all protein isolates showed similar behavior, although some differences are observed. Hot defatting promoted a significant increase in β-sheet and a decrease in β-turn and aggregates A2 levels. In terms of functionality, L-CD and L-HD behaved fundamentally differently from L-U. Hot defatting leads to protein isolates with improved functional profiles in emulsifying stability index and cold defatting improves significantly solubility, oil adsorption capacity and emulsifying activity index.
Purpose
Increasing the pH of acid soils is a well-recognized means of improving their fertility; however, the effects that plants impose on rhizosphere soils in response to this change are not well ...understood. This research sought to investigate changes in phosphorus (P) availability in the rhizosphere of blue lupin (
Lupinus angustifolius
) in response to an increase in pH.
Methods
Blue lupin plants were grown in rhizoboxes using two contrasting acid soils at their native pH (5.3 and 4.7) and treated with lime to increase their pH to 6.3 in a replicated trial. Measurements of localized acid phosphomonoesterase activity and P flux were made next to lateral root segments using a combination of zymography and diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT). Rhizosphere and bulk soils were tested for pH, organic anions, exchangeable aluminium (Al), labile P and phosphomonoesterase activity. Root morphological traits, root and shoot yields and shoot nutrient concentrations were also recorded.
Results
Profiles of DGT-P fluxes across lateral roots showed mobilization of P in the soil with the higher organic P content, and depletion in the other. The extent of acid phosphomonoesterase activity in the rhizosphere decreased with soil pH increase. Shoot P uptake was strongly correlated with fine root length and total organic anions in the rhizosphere. The proportion of thin roots decreased at pH 6.3 compared to the native pH, whereas that of thick roots increased.
Conclusion
Soil pH increase to 6.3 using lime negatively affects the P acquisition by blue lupin due to the reduction of organic anion exudation, fine root length and the extent of acid phosphomonoesterase activity in the rhizosphere.
This study investigated the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin. Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), ...starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. The enzyme activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were compared before and after germination or fermentation. The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. In general, germination or fermentation decreased the oligosaccharide content, and increased the total sugar in samples (p < 0.05). Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. Fermentation with yogurt culture lowered the content of total oligosaccharides due to 94% decrease in stachyose. Total oligosaccharides in soy flour prior to fermentation were 180 mg/g and significantly decreased to ∼124 mg/g in fermented soy. Germination did not affect the starch content. There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. Soluble dietary fiber in germinated soy significantly increased. Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers.
There is growing interest in harnessing the genetic and adaptive diversity of crop wild relatives to improve drought resilience of elite cultivars. Rainfall gradients exert strong selection pressure ...on both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Understanding plant responses to these facilitates crop improvement.
Wild and domesticated narrow‐leafed lupin (NLL) collected along Mediterranean terminal drought stress gradients was evaluated under contrasting reproductive phase water supply in controlled field, glasshouse and cabinet studies. Plant phenology, growth and productivity, water use and stress responses were measured over time.
There is an integrated suite of adaptive changes along rainfall gradients in NLL. Low rainfall ecotypes flower earlier, accumulate lower seed numbers, biomass and leaf area, and have larger root:shoot ratios than high rainfall ecotypes. Water‐use is lower and stress onset slower in low compared to high rainfall ecotypes. Water‐use rates and ecotypic differences in stress response (Ψleaf decline, leaf loss) are lower in NLL than yellow lupin (YL). To mitigate the effects of profligate water use, high rainfall YL ecotypes maintain higher leaf water content over declining leaf water potential than low rainfall ecotypes. There is no evidence for such specific adaptation in NLL.
The data suggests that appropriate phenology is the key adaptive trait to rainfall gradients in NLL because of the flow‐on effects on biomass production, fitness, transpiration and stress onset, and the lack of physiological adaptations as in YL. Accordingly, it is essential to match phenology with target environment in order to minimize risk and maximize yield potential.
There is an integrated suite of adaptive changes along rainfall gradients in narrow‐leafed lupin which we can exploit by matching phenology very closely with target climates.
White lupin (Lupinus albus) is a leguminous crop with elite adaptive ability in phosphorus-deficient soil and used as a model plant for studying phosphorus (P) use. However, the genetic basis of its ...adaptation to low P (LP) remains unclear. ATPase binding cassette (ABC) transports G subfamily play a crucial role in the transportation of biological molecules across the membrane. To date, identification of this subfamily has been analyzed in some plants, but no systematic analysis of these transporters in phosphorus acquisition is available for white lupin.
This study identified 66 ABCG gene family members in the white lupin genome using comprehensive approaches. Phylogenetic analysis of white lupin ABCG transporters revealed six subclades based on their counterparts in Arabidopsis, displaying distinct gene structure and motif distribution in each cluster. Influences of the whole genome duplication on the evolution of L.albABCGs were investigated in detail. Segmental duplications appear to be the major driving force for the expansion of ABCGs in white lupin. Analysis of the Ka/Ks ratios indicated that the paralogs of the L.albABCG subfamily members principally underwent purifying selection. However, it was found that L.albABCG29 was a result of both tandem and segmental duplications. Overexpression of L.albABCG29 in white lupin hairy root enhanced P accumulation in cluster root under LP and improved plant growth. Histochemical GUS staining indicated that L.albABCG29 expression increased under LP in white lupin roots. Further, overexpression of L.albABCG29 in rice significantly improved P use under combined soil drying and LP by improving root growth associated with increased rhizosheath formation.
Through systematic and comprehensive genome-wide bioinformatics analysis, including conserved domain, gene structures, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and gene duplication analysis, the L.albABCG subfamily was identified in white lupin, and L.albABCG29 characterized in detail. In summary, our results provide deep insight into the characterization of the L.albABCG subfamily and the role of L.albABCG29 in improving P use.
Legumes are of great economic importance. Depending on the species, they are cultivated for food, fodder, green manure, and even as ornamentals. Legume seeds contain many valuable nutrients and also ...anti-nutritional substances. The aim of the study is to compare important seed quality traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). It was shown that the obtained parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of species with the years of study. Soybean was characterized by high seed and protein yield and favorable seed chemical composition (protein, fat, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and micronutrients, except manganese). Faba bean yields were high but varied over the years. Faba bean seeds were rich in phosphorus and copper. Pea yielded satisfactorily, and the seeds contained high iron and low fiber contents. Of the three lupin species, white lupin yielded the highest, while narrow-leafed and yellow lupin yields were low. However, yellow lupin seeds had a favorable chemical composition because they were rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and zinc. In conclusion, legumes are valued worldwide and could be a base for the development of many functional foods to promote human health.
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