The introduction of modern innovative technology is a positive step for the enterprises. Effective informatization of innovative technologies significantly increases macroeconomic indicators and ...processes of socio-economic development of the enterprise, which leads to improved quality and level of management decisions, efficiency of information processes and services, which, in turn, improve socio-economic, scientific, technical, cultural and other indicators of life. Introduction of informatization in all processes and development of modern innovative technologies will have a positive impact on GDP growth. The directions of informatization of innovative technologies for ensuring macroeconomic trends in the conditions of the circular economy are proposed and the ways of development at the national, global and enterprise level are substantiated. It is proved that the main reasons for the negative impact on the ecological environment are careless handling of both waste and, accordingly, the existing ecological condition. A methodological approach to the evaluation and forecasting of the process of informatization of the enterprise in the conditions of the circular economy is proposed. The proposed correlation-regression model for assessing the main indicators of ensuring stability and ecological preservation of resources, which allows determining the most significant indicators of the impact on the level of GDP. Due to the introduction of informatization of innovative technologies, it is possible to solve a number of macroeconomic problems: unemployment, inflation, economic growth and national product.
Nowadays, emerging adults live in a context of macroeconomic uncertainty. As the major processes of one’s identity exploration currently occur in emerging adulthood, understanding how these ...individuals foresee their future is of special interest. The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (i) to investigate future orientation (FO) in a sample of Portuguese emerging adults and (ii) to validate the Portuguese version of the Hopes and Fears Questionnaire. Data from 332 individuals were analyzed. Results demonstrated that participants’ future hopes and fears were mainly pertaining to education, work/career, and family/marriage. Participants also reported concerns related to their financial resources. Thus, the results showed that participants’ FO reflected major tasks associated with their development stage, as well as contextual factors, such as macroeconomic trends. This study contributed to the knowledge of emerging adulthood in Portugal, simultaneously providing a useful and reliable measure to evaluate emerging adults’ FO in that country.
The performance of companies in the real sector of the economy is highly relevant for the economic development of the country. The Joint Stock Company “Russian Railways” (the JSCo “RZD”) occupies a ...special place in the Russian economy, since it does 45% of the total cargo turnover and more than 25% of passenger traffic in the country. The aim of the article is to identify trends in key financial and economic indicators of the Russian railways in the context of the structural reform of the industry. The objective of the study is to develop a methodology for the long-term management of the financial and economic performance of the railways, as well as recommendations for its sustainable growth. The authors analyzed the financial and economic performance of the JSCo “RZD” for 15 years. They used the analysis of time series, logical and analytical method, as well as benchmarking — comparative analysis based on reference indicators. It is shown that with a low but positive profitability, the company’s financial and economic situation can be improved. The authors reviewed the dynamics of the operating costs ratio, whose value has an excessively high level in the JSCo “RZD”. To identify ways to achieve the optimum level of operating costs ratio, an analysis of financial and economic indicators of the US railway companies was conducted. The factors contributing to the systematic improvement of the operating costs ratio were revealed. Among them are: increase in the JSCo “RZD” market opportunities and their competent use based on flexible adaptation to market conditions and changing customer needs; attraction of private and private-state investments. On this basis, the following actions are proposed for improving the financial and economic indicators of the JSCo “RZD”: monitoring of the operating costs ratio; developing a scenario program to improve the long-term competitiveness and effectiveness of the Russian Railways for the period of 2025–2035. The materials of the article are of practical importance and can be used by public authorities, transport companies, as well as for the educational purposes.
A decline in labour force and wage cuts are among the factors that determine macroeconomic trends. Since workers are normally motivated by significantly higher wages in other companies, these factors ...can reduce labour mobility. Moreover, we are witnessing trends related to the share of labour force, capital and output growth. This paper supports the thesis according to which these trends are rooted in the increase of the market power starting from the 1980s. Furthermore, this paper analyses the development of the margins using the company-level data in the USA economy from the 1950s on. Initially, the margins were stable, or on a slight decline. Average margins had an increase of 18% above the marginal cost in the 1980s compared to the 67% growth that we are witnessing nowadays. There seems to be no clear pattern identifiable across the industries, but the margins tend to be higher in smaller companies in all industries and the higher growth is usually registered as a result of growth within an industry.
This paper explores the influence of macroeconomic indicators, namely GDP growth, the Consumer Price Index and the unemployment rate on the quality of loan repayments by households in the banking ...market of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Potential influence is observed over a period of fourteen years at the level of nonperforming household loans using regression analysis. The authors aim to determine whether macroeconomic forces actually influence loan repayment, and if so how and what can be done by banks to utilize this information in order to reduce future credit losses, and by the government to maintain the stability of the banking sector.
The objective of this paper is to outline the main macroeconomic trends in the new member countries of the European Union before the Euro Area debt crisis. In order to achieve this objective, the ...developments in a wide range of macroeconomic indicators (exchange rates, foreign trade, monetary policy, inflation, price levels, and fiscal balances, sovereign debt, GDP, labour productivity, composition of output and current account balances) have been analyzed. The analysis results in recommendations on the macroeconomic policies the new member countries should have implemented under global crisis condition in accordance with the peculiarities of their economies and their specific national priorities.
This study represents the most comprehensive review of fiscal federalism in the Russian Federation, presenting a strong case for greater decentralization. Given its vast size, immense diversity ...including economic, geographic, cultural, ethnic, and historical differences across regions Russia is a prime candidate for decentralization. By succinctly surveying the literature on fiscal decentralization and clearly spelling out the main concepts, the volume sets the stage for the subsequent description of the fiscal system in Russia and its evolution through a succession of reforms guided by a desire on the part of Russian policymakers to craft a workable system of fiscal federalism. The authors not only describe the state of fiscal federalism in Russia at its key turning points, but they also provide insightful critical assessments of the reforms introduced at each stage. The book is rich with examples, which makes it an easy and exciting reading. The book's analysis of the history gives perspective to the authors' assessment of the current state of Russia's federalism. The authors make a strong case for greater decentralization in Russia based not only on the traditional economic benefits of fiscal federalism but also on the political benefits from local government competition. The richness of detail and the careful tracing of the reforms over the past nearly two decades also mean that this study will be an invaluable guide to both current observers with academic and policy interest in the recent fiscal federalism reforms as well as Russia's fiscal evolution since the early 1990s and its current fiscal challenges.
The growing realization that the fate of forests will be determined by factors outside the forests and the forestry sector has prompted individuals and institutions to look beyond the immediate ...causes of forest health and degradation in order to unravel not-so-obvious and often difficult-to-establish links between macro-level variables and forest condition. Inspired by the same realization, this paper seeks to explore the links between macro-economic trends and forests in order to develop scenarios of the future macro-economic environment in the Asia-Pacific region and how this will likely affect forests and the forestry sector.
We address the macroeconomic developments experienced by Romania in a decade of transition towards a market driven society. We focus on a descriptive analysis with the intent of offering a clear and ...broad picture of the main aspects distinguishing the Romanian economy. The paper also discusses perspectives for future growth and puts forward the need to develop within the prospects of European Union integration a strategy on a more sustainable basis.
PDF
