This collection of chapters, each one written by internationally recognized experts in the corresponding field, covers in a comprehensive fashion all the major aspects related to the synthesis, ...characterization and properties of macromolecular materials prepared using renewable resources as such, or after appropriate modifications. Thus, monomers such as terpenes and furans, oligomers like rosin and tannins, and polymers ranging from cellulose to proteins and including macromolecules synthesized by microbes, are discussed with the purpose of showing the extraordinary variety of materials that can be prepared from their intelligent exploitation. Particular emphasis has been placed on recent advances and imminent perspectives, given the incessantly growing interest that this area is experiencing in both the scientific and technological realms. The book discusses bio-refining with explicit application to materials, replete with examples of applications of the concept of sustainable development, and presents an impressive variety of novel macromolecular materials. This book is suitable for university chemistry, materials science and physics departments, research institutions, industrial laboratories, and industrial libraries.
The ATSAS software suite encompasses a number of programs for the processing, visualization, analysis and modelling of small‐angle scattering data, with a focus on the data measured from biological ...macromolecules. Here, new developments in the ATSAS 3.0 package are described. They include IMSIM, for simulating isotropic 2D scattering patterns; IMOP, to perform operations on 2D images and masks; DATRESAMPLE, a method for variance estimation of structural invariants through parametric resampling; DATFT, which computes the pair distance distribution function by a direct Fourier transform of the scattering data; PDDFFIT, to compute the scattering data from a pair distance distribution function, allowing comparison with the experimental data; a new module in DATMW for Bayesian consensus‐based concentration‐independent molecular weight estimation; DATMIF, an ab initio shape analysis method that optimizes the search model directly against the scattering data; DAMEMB, an application to set up the initial search volume for multiphase modelling of membrane proteins; ELLLIP, to perform quasi‐atomistic modelling of liposomes with elliptical shapes; NMATOR, which models conformational changes in nucleic acid structures through normal mode analysis in torsion angle space; DAMMIX, which reconstructs the shape of an unknown intermediate in an evolving system; and LIPMIX and BILMIX, for modelling multilamellar and asymmetric lipid vesicles, respectively. In addition, technical updates were deployed to facilitate maintainability of the package, which include porting the PRIMUS graphical interface to Qt5, updating SASpy – a PyMOL plugin to run a subset of ATSAS tools – to be both Python 2 and 3 compatible, and adding utilities to facilitate mmCIF compatibility in future ATSAS releases. All these features are implemented in ATSAS 3.0, freely available for academic users at https://www.embl‐hamburg.de/biosaxs/software.html.
ATSAS is a comprehensive software suite for the processing, visualization, analysis and modelling of small‐angle scattering data. This article describes developments in the ATSAS 3.0 release, including new programs for data simulation and for the structural modelling of lipids, nucleic acids and polydisperse systems.
ATSAS is a comprehensive software suite for the analysis of small‐angle scattering data from dilute solutions of biological macromolecules or nanoparticles. It contains applications for primary data ...processing and assessment, ab initio bead modelling, and model validation, as well as methods for the analysis of flexibility and mixtures. In addition, approaches are supported that utilize information from X‐ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or atomistic homology modelling to construct hybrid models based on the scattering data. This article summarizes the progress made during the 2.5–2.8 ATSAS release series and highlights the latest developments. These include AMBIMETER, an assessment of the reconstruction ambiguity of experimental data; DATCLASS, a multiclass shape classification based on experimental data; SASRES, for estimating the resolution of ab initio model reconstructions; CHROMIXS, a convenient interface to analyse in‐line size exclusion chromatography data; SHANUM, to evaluate the useful angular range in measured data; SREFLEX, to refine available high‐resolution models using normal mode analysis; SUPALM for a rapid superposition of low‐ and high‐resolution models; and SASPy, the ATSAS plugin for interactive modelling in PyMOL. All these features and other improvements are included in the ATSAS release 2.8, freely available for academic users from https://www.embl‐hamburg.de/biosaxs/software.html.
Developments and improvements of the ATSAS software suite (versions 2.5–2.8) for analysis of small‐angle scattering data of biological macromolecules or nanoparticles are described.
Mingli Han, Zhongxing Jiang
Macromol. Biosci. 2022, 2200353
https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202200353
Retraction: “Versatile Molecule for Single‐Laser‐Triggered Redox‐Responsive Enhanced Dual‐Modal ...Imaging and Synergistic Photothermal‐Photodynamic Therapy”, by Mingli Han and Zhongxing Jiang, Macromolecular Bioscience 2022, 2200353 (https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202200353). The above article, published online on October 10, 2022, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief Anne Pfisterer, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. The article has been retracted because the manuscript was submitted and published with neither the knowledge nor consent of the listed coauthor and thus lacked the proper authorization for publication.
MQ silicone resins, a class of highly branched hybrid macromolecules composed of one or more M (R3SiO1/2) and Q (SiO4/2) structural units, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to ...their distinctive structure and properties. However, on-demand control over their chemical structures remains a formidable challenge, particularly using sodium silicate as a precursor. In this study, we systematically manipulated various polymerization factors such as temperature, reaction time, molar ratio between M and Q precursors, ethanol quantity and stirring rate to exert on-demand control over the Q-to-Q condensation and M-to-Q end-capping co-condensation in the sodium silicate method. This approach enabled us to obtain a series of MQ silicone resins with controlled molecular weight (from 19400 to 3600 Da), silanol content (from 5.65 % to 0.20 %), and M/Q ratio (from 0.56 to 0.98). The resulting materials were characterized using combined techniques to elucidate the influence of polymerization conditions on the structure and properties of MQ silicone resins. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of MQ silicone resins was discussed, offering a guideline for controllable synthesis of MQ silicone resins. Additionally, we have developed a facile method for determining the M/Q ratio using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This work not only provides insights into engineering the chemical structures but also offers valuable characterization methods for MQ silicone resins.
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•A range of MQ silicone resins have been synthesized with specific molecular weights, silanol contents, M/Q ratios and topologies.•The guidelines for achieving controllable synthesis of MQ silicone resins are provided.•A reliable approach for the characterization of M/Q ratio is established based on FT-IR spectra.
Bio‐macromolecules alginic acid (ALG), lysozyme (Lys) and calcium ion can self‐assemble to prepare ALG/Ca2+/Lys colloidal particles by electrostatic interaction. The size and morphology of the ...colloidal particles were characterized by BI‐90PIus Zeta potentiometer and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the formed colloidal particles have a spherical structure with a particle size of 480 nm. The colloidal particles can be reassembled at the oil (containing fat‐soluble vitamin D3)‐water interface to stabilize oil‐in‐water functional Pickering emulsions. The effects of pH values and salt concentrations on the properties and emulsifying properties of colloidal particles were investigated in detail. The sustained release properties of the emulsion to Ca2+ and vitamin D3 functional factors were studied. The results show that the emulsion has better sustained release performance for both Ca2+ and vitamin D3. Using zinc ion (Zn2+) instead of Ca2+ and bio‐macromolecule hyaluronic acid (HA) instead of ALG, the colloidal particles ALG/Zn2+/Lys and HA/Zn2+/Lys were prepared. The Pickering emulsion prepared with colloidal particles still has good sustained release performance for functional factors. The prepared functional emulsion has potential applications in the fields of food, medicine and cosmetics.
Over the past decades, dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) has been widely used in modification of biological macromolecules to overcome some inherent drawbacks. However, the studies ...related to the regularity and limitation of DHPM on modification of macromolecules have received inadequate attention.
The present review provides an overview of DHPM technology and its effects on the structure and properties of protein/enzyme, non-starch polysaccharide, starch and dietary fiber, discusses the modification of macromolecules by DHPM combined with other methods, and further disserts the existing problems and future development of DHPM in the food field.
The structure of many food macromolecules has been changed after DHPM treatment, leading to modulation of their functional properties. The changes in structure and functional properties may be influenced by pressure and number of passes of DHPM, the solvent, the macromolecule concentration, as well as molecular characteristics. In addition, DHPM combined with other methods exhibited some promising results, and DHPM as a pretreatment could enhance the modification efficiency of other methods. However, due to the small reaction chamber and low processing capacity of microfluidizer, the practical application of this technology in the field of food processing is limited, thus further improvement of microfluidizer is needed.
•The regularity of microfluidization modifying food macromolecules was summarized.•The modification of macromolecules by DHPM combined with other methods was discussed.•The problems of DHPM on modification of macromolecules in food field were disserted.•An outlook of future development of microfluidization was proposed.
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