The paper analyses the rules contained in the Austrian Civil Procedure Act. Although this act was adopted back in 1895, it is still in force. This continuity is a proof of the great value of this ...legislative document. This Act has had a significant influence on the Central and Eastern European procedural laws. From the period of its enactment, despite preserving its fundamental components, the Austrian Civil Procedure Act has been through a number of modifications, including the amendments that were introduced towards the end of 20th and in early 21st century. More recent modifications are a result of the influence of common European procedural law and concern the issues like jurisdiction, enforcement of decisions, proceedings concerning payment orders, special litigations, non-contentious proceedings. The Austrian civil procedural law, as a normative system, accompanied by a rich literature and creative judicial practice, has influenced the Serbian law, whose system and particular institutes have accepted the solutions contained in the Austrian law. The paper gives an overview of the systems and basic institutes of the Austrian civil procedure: complaint, response to the complaint, preliminary hearing, main hearing, evidence and evidentiary hearing, court's ruling. The aim is to consider the existing contents of the Austrian Civil Procedure Act in the context of reforms of the Serbian Civil Procedure Act.
Javnost glavne rasprave Čizmić, Jozo
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci,
01/2021, Volume:
42, Issue:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Open access
Sudske su rasprave javne i presude se izriču javno. Tako je i glavna rasprava javna jer sud odlučuje o tužbenom zahtjevu, u pravilu, na temelju usmene, neposredne i javne rasprave. Autor u radu ...ponajprije objašnjava sadržaj pojmova: načelo javnosti, opća i stranačka javnost, javnost glavne rasprave, ograničenje i isključenje javnosti, povrede načela javnosti. Potom prikazuje ostvarenje javnosti glavne rasprave u svezi s pandemijom koronavirusom.
Court hearings are public and verdicts are pronounced publicly. In this sense, the main hearing is also public because the court decides on the claim, as a rule, based on an oral, direct and public hearing. The author primarily explains the content of the terms: the principle of publicity, general and party publicity, publicity of the main hearing, restriction and exclusion of the public, violations of the principle of publicity. It then shows the realization of the publicity of the main hearing regarding the covid pandemic.
Učinci okrivljenikova priznanja nisu jednaki u svim pravnim poredcima. U kontinentalnim pravnim sustavima, priznanje krivnje najčešće se tretira kao i svaki drugi dokaz, dok u common law sustavima ...istinitost okrivljenikova priznanja sud ne propituje. Međutim, to načelno razlikovanje ne vrijedi uvijek i svugdje. U hrvatskom pravu, ako se optuženik za kazneno djelo za koje je propisana novčana kazna ili kazna zatvora do pet godina na raspravi očituje krivim u odnosu na sve točke optužbe i suglasi sa sankcijom koju je predložio državni odvjetnik, sud mu u presudi ne smije izreći strožu kaznu od predložene. Takvo zakonsko rješenje može potaknuti prešutne dogovore i neregulirane pregovore između stranaka nakon što je rasprava već započela, a nije jasno je li to zakonodavac imao na umu kada je donosio ovu odredbu. Kako bi navedenu problematiku istražili iz šire perspektive, autori su u radu analizirali hrvatsko, njemačko, austrijsko, francusko, talijansko i englesko pravo, s naglaskom na položaju optuženika nakon priznanja na raspravi, učincima priznanja, ulozi suda u daljnjem postupku i pravima žrtve. Nakon usporedne analize, autori iznose svoje mišljenje o trenutačnom zakonskom rješenju u Hrvatskoj, a posebno o čl. 417.a st. 6. i 7. Zakona o kaznenom postupku i daju prijedlog zakonskih izmjena
The effects of a defendant’s confession are not the same in all legal orders. In civil law systems, confession is usually perceived as an ordinary piece of evidence, while in common law culture it is ...considered a guilty plea whose truthfulness is not to be questioned by the judge. However, this broad differentiation is not straightforward. In Croatia, if a defendant confesses to a criminal offence punishable by a fine or imprisonment of up to five years at the main hearing and agrees to the sentence proposed by the prosecutor, the trial court is not allowed to impose a sentence higher than the one proposed by the prosecutor. This can motivate tacit agreements and unregulated negotiations between the parties after the main hearing has already begun, and it is unclear if the legislator had such a scenario in mind when enacting this provision. In order to elucidate these problems in a broader perspective, the authors have analysed Croatian, German, Austrian, French, Italian and English law, with an emphasis on the position of the defendant after a confession at the main hearing, the effects of the confession, the role of the court in further proceedings and the victim’s rights. After the comparative analysis, the authors presented their opinion on the current legal situation in Croatia, especially Art. 417a (6) and (7) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, together with a proposal for legislative changes.
This article discusses the way in which teachers assess the material which they teach has far-reaching implications for student learning. Assessment not only influences what, and how, a student ...learns; it also has pervasive 'feedback' effects for how one teaches. The authors argue that this point is especially germane to skills training. Assessment theory informs the structure, content and processes of skills training. In order to demonstrate these claims, the authors study the relevance of assessment theory to one long established method of skills training - the moot. Author abstract, ed
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