Resumo Objetivo Este estudo identifica como fabricantes brasileiros de máquinas agrícolas combinam diferentes capacidades para inovar. Essa indústria tem potencial para aumentar a produtividade na ...agricultura, um setor que é marcadamente relevante no Brasil, um dos principais produtores de alimentos e de commodities agrícolas do mundo. Referencial teórico As empresas foram abordadas através das lentes de um modelo com quatro capacidades de inovação (desenvolvimento, operação, gestão e transação). Pesquisas anteriores sobre inovação no setor de máquinas e equipamentos foram aprofundadas para dar apoio aos resultados obtidos. Metodologia Para identificar as combinações das capacidades de inovação, a técnica fuzzy-set QCA (análise qualitativa comparativa) foi empregada. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma pesquisa realizada com 103 empresas brasileiras. Resultados Os fabricantes de máquinas agrícolas inovam por meio de duas combinações de capacidades: desenvolvimento, operação e gestão (DC*OC*MC) ou operação e transação (OC*TC). A inovação surge quando a excelência na fabricação é complementada por melhorias nos produtos existentes e nos processos gerenciais (DC*OC*MC), ou nas habilidades de negociação e nos processos de comercialização (OC*TC). Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa Pesquisas anteriores já haviam identificado que o setor de máquinas e equipamentos, em economias emergentes, é focado em melhorias relacionadas à produção. Entretanto, o presente estudo mostra que isso não é suficiente para as empresas inovarem. Como implicação prática, são indicadas duas trajetórias para as empresas de máquinas agrícolas alcançarem um alto desempenho inovador. Contribuições As pesquisas sobre inovação na indústria de máquinas e equipamentos geralmente apenas objetivam entender como as empresas desenvolvem novos produtos e novos processos de fabricação. O estudo preenche essa lacuna, abordando o setor por meio de uma visão mais ampla, mostrando a relevância do desenvolvimento de novos processos gerenciais e transacionais para essas empresas.
Resumo Objetivo O estudo tem como objetivo verificar o impacto das pressões institucionais na percepção de obstáculos e benefícios nas micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras quando da adoção e ...manutenção do e-commerce. Referencial teórico O estudo foi realizado com base nos preceitos da teoria institucional, com foco na abordagem das pressões institucionais. Por fim, verificou a orientação e a adaptação das ações das MPEs para o uso do e-commerce como prática organizacional. Metodologia O estudo foi realizado a partir de uma pesquisa envolvendo 120 gestores de empresas que utilizam o e-commerce. A pesquisa era composta por 28 questões referentes a pressões, benefícios e obstáculos institucionais percebidos pelos gestores, além de aspectos relacionados à adoção e manutenção do e-commerce. A modelagem de equações estruturais foi utilizada para a análise dos dados. Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa O resultado deste estudo mostrou que as pressões institucionais miméticas e normativas propiciam a percepção de benefícios e auxiliam na superação de obstáculos relativos ao e-commerce, obrigando as empresas a adotarem e aprimorarem essa modalidade de negócio. Por outro lado, as pressões coercitivas não estavam associadas à percepção de benefícios, mas atenuaram a percepção de obstáculos, o que sugere que as pressões coercitivas são motivadas de acordo com o contexto local do qual fazem parte. Contribuições Há um aumento no debate em torno da teoria institucional, e é possível verificar que as pressões institucionais influenciam as MPEs a adotarem e manterem novas formas de negócios online. Assim, os resultados orientam o desenvolvimento de estratégias por parte da gestão utilizando as tecnologias digitais como ferramentas que permitem a competição.
This book focuses on critical success factors for professional service firms, offering a compendium of core management principles. Covers the management of service quality, knowledge and marketing as ...well as the management of people, organization and strategy.
This book offers an up-to-date, in-depth exploration of current Japanese business strategies and management practices, laying out the business foundations that make Japan a leading player in both the ...global supply chain and the upcoming digital transformation.
In Southeast Asia, projections of rapid urban growth coupled with high water-related risks call for large investments in infrastructure—including in blue–green infrastructure (BGI) such as forests, ...parks, or vegetated engineered systems. However, most of the knowledge on BGI is produced in the global North, overlooking the diversity of urban contexts globally. Here, we review the literature on BGI for flood risk mitigation and water quality improvement in Southeast Asian cities to understand the scope of practical knowledge and identify research needs. We searched for evidence of local types of BGI in peer-reviewed and grey literature and assessed the performance of BGI based on hydrological, societal, and environmental metrics. The body of literature on BGI in Southeast Asia is small and dominated by wealthier countries but we found evidence of uptake among researchers and practitioners in most countries. Bioretention systems, constructed wetlands, and green cover received the most attention in research. Evidence from modelling and laboratory studies confirmed the potential for BGI to address flooding and water quality issues in the region. However, practical knowledge to mainstream the implementation of BGI remains limited, with insufficient primary hydrological data and information on societal and environmental impacts. In addition, the performance of BGI in combination with grey infrastructure, under climate change, or in informal settlements is poorly studied. Future research and practice should focus on producing and sharing empirical data, ultimately increasing the regional knowledge base to promote efficient BGI strategies.
The resource-based view (RBV) is one of the most widely accepted theories of strategic management. However, to date no systematic assessment of the RBV's level of empirical support has been ...conducted. In response, a sample of RBV-grounded empirical articles was analyzed from which it was found that the RBV has received only modest support overall and that this support varies considerably with the independent variable and theoretical approach employed. It is therefore suggested that scholars avoid the tendency to test models reflecting early incarnations of the RBV and instead test those that incorporate its more contemporary theoretical extensions.
The future of water in african cities Jacobsen, Michael; Webster, Michael; Vairavamoorthy, Kalanithy
2012., 2012, 10-04-2012, 2013, 2014-05-14, 20130101
eBook, Book
Open access
The objective of this study is to assist public authorities to identify and address the future challenges of urban water supply, sanitation, and flood management in cities. In order to do that, this ...report uses the conceptual framework of Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) as a holistic set of planning and management tools incorporating all components of the urban water cycle to help develop efficient and flexible urban water systems in the future.The future of water in African cities: why waste water? argues that a new approach to urban water management is needed in Africa. Due to their rapid urbanization, cities in Sub-Saharan Africa will face increasing challenges in order to provide water supply to the growing population. Future water supply for cities will also depend on the potential to sustain water resources of good quality in the river basin and to manage competing uses within the watershed. The complexity of these challenges coupled with future uncertainty due to climate change will require a more sustainable, integrated and adaptive water management approach.Reviewing a series of case studies in Uganda, Kenya and Cameroon, and having conducted a diagnostic of 31 cities in Sub-Saharan Africa, this report suggests that the challenges faced by cities in Africa cannot be solved by the traditional approach of one source, one system, and one discharge. The 4 cases studies of this report illustrate the combination of existing technology and surface water with new sources (e.g. groundwater and greywater recycling) within the river basin that will increase water security for cities. In some cases, planning decentralized and modular solutions will bring more flexibility and adaptation to expanding cities.The future of water in African cities: why waste water? is aimed at urban planners, water managers, policy makers, development agencies
and stakeholders interested in innovative solutions to urban water management challenges. IUWM will help policymakers in African cities consider a wider range of solutions, understand waters interaction with other sectors, and secure resilience under a range of future conditions.
Building on the human resource management (HRM) behavioral and organizational climate literature, this study explores the linkage between socially responsible HRM (SRHRM) and employee support for ...perceived external corporate social responsibility (CSR) (that is, CSR directed toward external stakeholders) and the underlying social and psychological process. Multilevel analysis of data gathered over two separate periods confirmed that the relationship between SRHRM and employee support for external CSR initiatives of the employing organization is mediated by the organizational CSR climate. Moreover, the indirect effect is contingent on perceived internal CSR (that is, CSR directed toward employees). This study extends CSR research into the HRM domain and develops a better understanding of the micro-foundations of CSR (individual actions and interactions) by integrating the micro- and macro-perspectives of CSR. Based on the study findings, this paper also discusses theoretical contributions and future research directions.
Abstract Service quality is commonly measured with instruments that use the Likert scale, which corresponds to a qualitative variable (ordinal or nominal) that in turn is associated with a ...quantitative one (discrete or continuous). This approximation allows performing operations and comparisons but has generated controversy over statistical management and data interpretation. Nevertheless, an analysis based only on the nominal scale -leaving aside the typical numerical one- may be performed. This study proposes measuring and comparing service quality in a hotel using two different assessment scales: numerical interval and nominal. The perception of hotel service quality was measured during three holiday seasons and contrasted using non-parametric hypothesis tests to observe significant changes when it was valued with a numerical interval and nominal scale. The results show that service quality among holiday seasons contrasts according to the type of stopover. The nominal scale revealed information that the numerical interval could not show, providing some advantages for service quality assessment.
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