The aim of this paper is to take issue with the opinion that, in sociology, the concept of ‘society’ was equated with the nation-state. Firstly, a diachronic analysis of the term ‘society’, as used ...by the general public, shall be attempted: ‘society as a whole’ and ‘the social’. Secondly, the article shall illustrate that sociology has developed its own analytical concept of society within the space between the two lay terms. Thirdly, the fact that the process of globalisation yet again problematizes the distinction between ‘society as a whole’ and ‘the social’ shall be shown. The conclusion of the paper is that, by yet again, becoming aware of the three dimensions of the concept of ‘society’, we can provide cues for a theoretical reconstruction of the sociological concept of ‘society’ that will contribute to research on ‘society’ in the age of globalisation.
With the Declaration of Independence of 17.11.1991 and the entry into force of the Constitution on 20.11.1991, Macedonia was free to draft its own legislation. But the difficult internal and external ...situation, the unofficial imposition of the Greek embargo since the end of 1991, and the UN embargo on Yugoslavia, which brought losses of US $ 80 million a month to the new state, had a negative impact on the legislative process. The 1990 (!) amended Yugoslav company law of 1988, which replaced the Organization of Associated Labour as a basic economic subject with the "commercial companies" as a new legal concept, organized the economic life in public companies and limited liability companies. All Art.s that regulated the economic organizations in Yugoslavia were abolished. This amendment was in force until 30.5.1996. In this sense, main objective of this manuscript is the analysis of the commercial law reforms in Macedonia after the fall of communism towards a free market economy and EU membership.
The paper examines the current state of economic relations in the sphere of social infrastructure, assesses and analyses the general patterns of development of its branches in the integral system of ...the national economic company of Ukraine, considers the main forms of management of infrastructure branches, outlines the prospects for its functioning in the post- -industrial society. The importance of the study of economic and scientific social-economic needs of society in the context of international experience is substantiated. The experience of developed countries of the world on the trends of decentralization at the management levels is analysed and the possibility of implementation in Ukraine is considered. The mechanism of management of social infrastructure sectors is studied, with special emphasis on education, science, health and culture. The mechanism for improving the management of social infrastructure sectors at the present stage of development of the national economic complex is based on certain methodological principles.
This study examines the impact of fan identification on four distinct sponsorship outcomes: sponsor recognition, attitude toward the sponsor, sponsor patronage, and satisfaction with the sponsor. In ...addition, consistent with the identification literature we investigate the antecedents of prestige, domain involvement, and fan associations for predicting fan identification among sports spectators. Utilizing structural equation modeling the findings support the premise that highly identified fans are more likely to exhibit the investigated sponsorship outcomes. In addition, we found that the investigated antecedents may aid in predicting fan identification. Our findings are discussed, managerial implications presented, and future research directions provided.
El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las políticas de Estado para mejorar la posición del Perú en capacidad de innovación en el ranking de competitividad del Foro económico mundial 2015-2019. ...Desde una óptica metodológicamente se basó una revisión documental bibliográfica con la finalidad de conocer desde el ángulo científico – académico, el análisis de las políticas implementadas en el Perú. Es necesario como Estado y sociedad comprender que hoy día y de cara al futuro inmediato, la innovación conforma el punto de equilibrio para crecer productivamente como sociedad. Las políticas del Perú deben redefinirse en función de transcender la problemática causada por COVID-19 de un modo efectivo que permita la autorrecuperación económica y social, permitiendo profundizar en proyectos de inversión en formación tecnológica de la población, lo cual, incentivará en lograr la consolidación de un escenario político donde se promueva la gobernanza social en función de la producción tecnológica.
Understanding global liquidity Eickmeier, Sandra; Gambacorta, Leonardo; Hofmann, Boris
European economic review,
05/2014, Volume:
68
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We explore the concept of global liquidity based on a factor model estimated using a large set of financial and macroeconomic variables from 24 advanced and emerging market economies. We measure ...global liquidity conditions based on the common global factors in the dynamics of liquidity indicators. By imposing theoretically motivated sign restrictions on factor loadings, we achieve a structural identification of the factors. The results suggest that global liquidity conditions are largely driven by three common factors and can therefore not be summarised by a single indicator. These three factors can be identified as global monetary policy, global credit supply and global credit demand.
•We explore the concept of global liquidity based on a factor model estimated using financial and macroeconomic variables from 24 advanced and emerging market economies.•We measure global liquidity conditions based on the common global factors in the dynamics of liquidity indicators.•By imposing theoretically motivated sign restrictions on factor loadings, we achieve a structural identification of the factors.•The results suggest that global liquidity conditions are largely driven by three common factors and can therefore not be summarised by one single indicator.•The three global liquidity factors can be identified as global monetary policy, global credit supply and global credit demand.
During the 70 years since its founding and the 40 years since its reform and opening-up, modern China has recorded a series of remarkable historic achievements, especially its miracle of high-speed ...economic growth over a long period. Socialism with Chinese characteristics, under which these achievements have been registered, is unquestionably a socialist system, and has entered a new era of national prosperity and greatness. We should attach particular importance to the socialist factors involved here, since the superiority of the socialist system has lent a unique support to the economic miracle and to the development achievements. A number of these socialist factors, and their unique advantages, deserve especially close attention. These include the achievements of China's economic development and of the socialist system itself; China's socialist economy and politics; its socialist market and government; the socialist market economy and the planning that is inherently involved in it; the public and non-public economy at the primary stage of socialism; socialist modernization and the world economy; China's internal and external markets; the goals of socialist production and its driving forces; socialist workers and human resources; socialist economic theory and practice; and so on.
•We report experiments of social preferences with North Korean refugees and South Korean students.•We find a sharp disparity in distributional preferences between NK refugees and SK subjects.•NK ...refugees behave in a less self-interested manner and support the market economy and democracy less than SK subjects.•This finding of disparity in distributional preferences are robust against sample selection and potential confounding factors such as income differences.
The division of Korea is a historic social experiment that randomly assigned ex ante identical individuals into two different economic and political institutions. About 70 years after the division, we sample Koreans who were born and raised in the two different parts of Korea to study whether institutions affect social preferences. We find that those from North Korea behave in a less self-interested manner and support the market economy and democracy less than those from South Korea. A follow-up study shows that social preferences did not change considerably in two years. We check robustness against sample selection and potential confounding factors such as income differences. Our findings indicate that preferences are rooted in institutions.
This article examines the impact of the ongoing (2008–13) economic crisis on Greek and Portuguese welfare state reforms in a comparative perspective with a particular focus on the public sector, ...labour markets and social protection. It is argued that the recent crisis caused ‘shock and awe’ in Greece and Portugal resulting in an unprecedented wave of cuts, tax rises and labour market reforms. In particular, public sector remuneration and jobs were cut, pensions were significantly curtailed and pension rights significantly restricted, successive tax hikes were implemented and welfare benefits became less generous and more conditional. It is argued that these reforms constitute a critical juncture and a considerable effort towards welfare retrenchment, which is which is implemented before converging with the more advanced welfare states of the EU15. Both countries appeared to be significantly more vulnerable to the crisis than the richer countries of Northern Europe (e.g. Germany, Austria, Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands) and their larger Southern counterparts (Italy and Spain). Yet, the latter had to implement similar measures, albeit in a less abrupt and extensive fashion. In other words, it may be that size is less important than economic and political power for coping with the effects of the current crisis.
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