The aim of the study was to verify differences between age groups of female judo matches in time-motion and technical-tactical analysis. The sample was composed of pre-cadet (13-14 years, n = 148), ...cadet (15-16 years, n = 228), junior (17-19 years, n = 104) and senior (>20 years, n = 237) groups. The time-motion indicators consisted of total combat time, standing combat time, displacement without contact, gripping time, total time of techniques, groundwork combat time and pause time, per match and by each combat/pause cycle. Technical and tactical variables were also collected. The one-way analysis of variance and a post hoc test were conducted, P ≤ 0.05. Cadets, with a median of 7 (2, 12), had a number of combat/pause cycles different from junior, with 3 (1, 8.5). Regarding time-motion per match and per cycle, senior had longer total combat time, standing combat time and gripping time than other groups. Senior presented lower frequency of leg techniques than pre-cadet, cadet and junior. Time-motion and technical-tactical variables effects in female judo athletes emphasise the difference between seniors and other groups.
Con el objetivo de analizar los factores que influyen en el proceso de formación deportiva de los judokas españoles olímpicos, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada de 52 preguntas agrupadas en 6 ...dimensiones (Contexto Deportivo, Contexto Social, Proceso de Formación, Psicológica, Técnico-táctica, Condición Física). Los resultados muestran que los judokas olímpicos se iniciaron en la práctica del Judo a los 6,90 ± 3,02 años, concretamente las mujeres a los 6,80 ± 2,88 años y los hombres algo más tarde, a los 7 ± 3,42 años, el 95% (n=19) influenciados, fundamentalmente, por un familiar. Además, destaca que ninguno de los entrevistados consiguió medalla en categorías inferiores. Para el 75% (n=15) de los judokas olímpicos es muy importante llevar una sincronización del entrenamiento técnico-táctico, de la condición física y de los aspectos psicológicos de forma integrada.
In the spring of 1959, eighteen-year-old Bruce Lee returned to San Francisco, the city of his birth, and quickly inserted himself into the West Coast's fledgling martial arts culture. Even though ...Asian fighting styles were widely unknown to mainstream America, Bruce encountered a robust fight culture in a San Francisco Bay area that was populated with talented and trailblazing practitioners such as Lau Bun, Chinatown's aging kung fu patriarch; Wally Jay, the innovative Hawaiian jujitsu master; and James Lee, the no-nonsense Oakland street fighter. Regarded by some as a brash loudmouth and by others as a dynamic visionary, Bruce spent his first few years back in America advocating a more modern approach to the martial arts and showing little regard for the damaged egos left in his wake.In the Chinese calendar, 1964 was the Year of the Green Dragon. It would be a challenging and eventful year for Bruce. He would broadcast his dissenting view before the first great international martial arts gathering and then defend it by facing down Chinatown's young ace kung fu practitioner in a legendary behind-closed-doors high noon-style showdown. The Year of the Green Dragon saw the dawn of martial arts in America and the rise of an icon.Drawing on more than one hundred original interviews and an eclectic array of sources,Striking Distanceis an engrossing narrative chronicling San Francisco Bay's pioneering martial arts scene as it thrived in the early 1960s and offers an in-depth look at a widely unknown chapter of Bruce Lee's iconic life.
Background and purpose. The aim of this study is to assess the development of scientific production and to define the thematic scope of research in martial arts biomechanics. The research process ...focuses on the following research questions: how has research productivity developed in the field of martial arts biomechanics research, who are the main participants (countries, authors) in the accumulation of research product in the field, what are the leading thematic areas that attract the most academic attention.
Material and Methods. In the process of selecting the research sample, the Scopus database was used as a source of bibliometric data. The research sample consisted of publications containing the phrases 'biomechanics martial arts in their titles or keywords. A general profiling of publications was carried out to assess trends in scientific production and recognition of leading contributors in the field of research. MS Excel software was used to support the analysis process and visualise the results.
Results. The study shows that martial arts biomechanics is a field of research with a relatively short history. The first reports date back to the 1990s. The greatest interest in this subject is among authors from the United States, which is the undisputed leader here just ahead of Brazil and Poland. Most scientific articles of this type appear mainly in the medical and health sciences.
Conclusions. It can be seen from the review that the number of articles on martial arts biomechanics is increasing, but fluctuating. This may be due to access to specialised apparatus, without which a precise analysis of the kinetics of human movement and thus of martial arts athletes is not possible. An analysis of the literature on the subject shows that in the collection analysed, kinetic description is not one of the issues represented too often. It has been noted that in the Scopus database on 1991 to 2020, more than 3900 articles on martial arts can be found, with only 187 concerning the biomechanics of martial arts, which constitutes 5 percentage of the entire collection.
BackgroundThe current status of injury prevention implementation in top-level karate is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the current perceptions and practices of top-level karate athletes concerning ...risk-factors and injury prevention implementation.DesignCross-sectional study based on face-to-face surveys.SettingDuring the official medical meeting of the karate World Senior Championships (WSC) Madrid, 2018, the Chairman of the Word Karate Federation Medical Commission presented the project and invited the 131 team doctors to inform their athletes about the survey. Only athletes that accepted the invitation and speaking English, French, Slovak, Polish, Czecho and/or Spanish were involved in this study.Patients (or Participants)Out of a total of 1117 athletes (140 countries/teams) that participated in the WSC, 137 (50 countries/teams) have completed the questionnaires (399 athletes didn’t speak any of the mentioned languages, 201 athletes didn’t volunteer and 380 couldn’t be reached)Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The survey was constructed face to face and consisted of 15 questions.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe current perceptions and practices of top-level karate athletes concerning risk factors and injury prevention implementation.ResultsOnly 44.7% of the participant athletes have reported that their teams have conducted any preventive measures to reduce injury risk. Kumite athletes (51.2%) were more likely to practice injury prevention compared to kata athletes (25%; P=0.016). Athletes who received preliminary advices about injury prevention (58%) were more likely to practice it, compared to who did not receive any advice (20.5%; P<0.001). Athletes who have a fitness coach (part time or full time) were practicing more injury prevention strategies (66.7% and 51.4%, respectively) compared to athletes who do not have a fitness coach (35%; P=0.031).ConclusionsInjury prevention advices and the presence of a fitness coach are associated with an increase in the injury prevention practice. Action plans regarding injury prevention education should be implemented.
BackgroundFor the past ~20 years, the scientific literature, based on data from inaccurate helmet/head-mounted sensors, has reported that there is little link between head impact magnitude and ...location and visible signs (VS). The current study found that VS were seen only in impacts in the top 1% as measured by head impact acceleration, velocity and/or energy.ObjectiveHead impacts were measured with an accurate head impact monitoring mouthguard and confirmed through video and data trace analysis. The athlete/military service member behavior was observed for a visible sign post-impact.DesignRetrospective meta-analysis from military parachute, boxing, mixed martial arts, weapons firing, as well as American football, Boxing, Ice Hockey, Karate, Lacrosse, Mixed Martial Arts, Rugby, Tae Kwon Do, Football.SettingSporting field or Military training activity.Participants50,000 verified impacts over 10,000 person-days.Assessment of Risk FactorsVisible signs post-impact.Main Outcome MeasurementsKinetic energy transfer (KE), peak scalar linear acceleration (PLA), peak scalar linear velocity (PLV), impact location, impact direction, type of VS.ResultsThere were fifty (50) single head impacts that caused visible signs. The most common visible signs were loss of consciousness, posturing, dazed, imbalance and ataxia. All visible signs impacts were in the top 1% by magnitude (40–100g, 3–8 m/s and 30–150 J). A total of 90% of the VS impacts were to the side or rear of the head.ConclusionsVisible signs do not occur often, but always occurred in the top 1% of head impacts by magnitude, and 90% of these were to the rear and the sides of the head. By monitoring head impacts with an accurate device, clinical staff can have access to data that identifies head impacts most likely to cause visible signs.
Consensual violence Weinberg, Jill D
2016., 20160531, 2016, 2016-05-31
eBook
In this novel approach to understanding consent, Jill D. Weinberg presents two case studies of activities in which participants engage in violent acts: competitive mixed martial arts (MMA) and sexual ...sadism and masochism (BDSM). Participants in both cases assent to injury and thereby engage in a form of social decriminalization, using the language of consent to render their actions legally and socially tolerable. Yet, these activities are treated differently under criminal battery law: sports, including MMA, are generally absolved from the charge of criminal battery, whereas BDSM often represents a violation of criminal battery law.Using interviews and ethnographic observation, Weinberg argues that where law authorizes a person's consent to an activity, as in MMA, consent is not meaningfully constructed or regulated by the participants themselves. In contrast, where law prohibits a person's consent to an activity, as in BDSM, participants actively construct and regulate consent.A synthesis of criminal law and ethnography,Consensual Violenceis a fascinating account of how consent is framed among participants engaged in violent acts and lays the groundwork for a sociological understanding of the process of decriminalization.
ABSTRACTDrid, P, Casals, C, Mekic, A, Radjo, I, Stojanovic, M, and Ostojic, SM. Fitness and anthropometric profiles of international vs. national judo medalists in half-heavyweight category. J ...Strength Cond Res 29(8)2115–2121, 2015—The aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric and fitness profiles of European half-heavyweight judokas by success in competition. For this purpose, we compared 5 international medalists (elite) with 5 national medalists (subelite). All male judokas won at least 1 medal in the half-heavyweight category during the previous 2 years. The testing in this cross-sectional study was performed during 4 days. All subjects underwent anthropometric assessment with body mass, height, skinfold, and limb circumference measures, and the body fat percentage was estimated by manual bioimpedance. The physical fitness evaluation consisted in peak torques for thigh and shoulder muscles, handgrip strength, high and long jumps, medicine ball throw, pull-ups, deadlift, bench press, deep squat, VCombining Dot AboveO2max, Max Power, and Tokui Waza tests. The statistical analysis by the Studentʼs t test showed significant differences for forearm and upper-arm circumferences, peak torques, pull-ups, bench press, deadlift, deep squat, VCombining Dot AboveO2max, Max Power, and Tokui Waza tests. Our results showed that elite judokas have a superior fitness profile than subelite athletes from the half-heavyweight category. Moreover, elite judokas seem to have a higher arm muscle mass than subelite athletes but a similar body fat percentage. This study could be of interest for judo coaches with athletes competing in the half-heavyweight category, as some tests that discriminate by judo success for this specific weight category are described. Few studies analyze anthropometric and fitness profiles in half-heavyweight male judokas, so additionally our results can be used as a reference for coaches, athletes, and scientists.
Contemporarily, two martial arts have emerged as highly popular among youth; Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Despite their popularity, we know little of how they affect ...individuals sociopsychologically. The current study sought to explore how the currently underexplored martial art disciplines may contribute to sociopsychological development among young people. In addition, it was investigated whether individuals who are predisposed to different traits may favour one sport over the other. This study was conducted with a longitudinal design; over the course of 5 months, 113 participants completed training in either condition. The results show that both groups displayed increased self-control and pro-social behaviour; however, MMA practitioners also reported increased aggressiveness, whereas BJJ practitioners experienced a decline in aggression. Accordingly, individuals who trained in MMA displayed substantially higher pre-existing aggression levels than the BJJ practitioners. The current results further corroborate research suggesting that modern martial arts and MMA may not be suitable for at-risk youth to practice, whereas traditional martial arts and sports with a healthy philosophical foundation may be effective in reducing antisocial behaviour while enhancing socially desirable behaviour among young people.
PDF
