Mujer y matrimonio García García, Maria Isabel
Revista historia autónoma,
09/2023, Volume:
23, Issue:
23
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
El matrimonio, como primer paso a la familia y al parentesco, ha supuesto el génesis de la estructura social y modelo poblacional que ha regido tanto a las comunidades de antaño como a las de hoy en ...día; independientemente de su emplazamiento geográfico y cultural. En el caso de la órbita cristiana, en cuya mentalidad se centra el presente trabajo, el vínculo conyugal comenzó a tomar parte de la sociedad ya desde los primeros años de esta religión, aunque fue a partir de la Sesión XXIV del Concilio de Trento (1563) cuando se reconoció el matrimonio como un sacramento de la Iglesia, condenando, a su vez, a todos los que negaban que lo fuera. Hasta entonces, muchos vínculos que se celebraban se desarrollaban dando lugar a situaciones anómalas como la coexistencia de dos matrimonios en una misma persona, fenómeno que se ha venido a denominar “bigamia”. Como respuesta a un problema endémico al que mostrar especial importancia, Iglesia y Corona desarrollaron durante los siglos modernos un corpus normativo para perseguir a bígamos, acabando con aquellos que hacían temblar la estructura y organización social basada en la existencia de una jerarquía familiar.
Selfish genetic elements use a myriad of mechanisms to drive their inheritance and ensure their survival into the next generation, often at a fitness cost to its host.1,2 Although the catalog of ...selfish genetic elements is rapidly growing, our understanding of host drive suppression systems that counteract self-seeking behavior is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the biased transmission of the non-essential, non-driving B chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster can be achieved in a specific genetic background. Combining a null mutant of matrimony, a gene that encodes a female-specific meiotic regulator of Polo kinase,3,4 with the TM3 balancer chromosome creates a driving genotype that is permissive for the biased transmission of the B chromosomes. This drive is female-specific, and both genetic components are necessary, but not individually sufficient, for permitting a strong drive of the B chromosomes. Examination of metaphase I oocytes reveals that B chromosome localization within the DNA mass is mostly abnormal when drive is the strongest, indicating a failure of the mechanism(s) responsible for the proper distribution of B chromosomes. We propose that some proteins important for proper chromosome segregation during meiosis, like Matrimony, may have an essential role as part of a meiotic drive suppression system that modulates chromosome segregation to prevent genetic elements from exploiting the inherent asymmetry of female meiosis.
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•Female meiotic drive promotes biased B chromosome inheritance in D. melanogaster•A genetic reduction of Mtrm and the TM3 balancer chromosome are necessary for drive•Strong drive correlates with aberrant B chromosome arrangements during metaphase I•The distributive segregation system may act to suppress drive during female meiosis
B chromosomes are genetic renegades that can rapidly spread through a population when left unchecked. Hanlon and Hawley show that the B chromosomes in D. melanogaster are subject to female meiotic drive in a specific mutant, leading to the identification of a drive suppression system that may protect against invasion by selfish genetic elements.
The Institutione foeminae christianae by Vives (1524), the « Letra para Mosén Puche » by Guevara (1524) and the Coloquios matrimoniales by Luján (1550) all tackle how husband and wife get married and ...how they live together, including descriptions of the more intimate aspects of their lives. But what kind of intimacy are they dealing with? Giving the fact that the life described in these texts is, most of the time, purely theoretical and exemplary, it seems that they fail in having access to what intimate life really is, given it is personal and individual. Nevertheless, these texts tell something about intimacy, which they consider as the heart of the marital relation. Moreover, to these authors, intimacy is not just something to write about. Used as a pedagogical strategy, their display of intimacy becomes a means to get into the readers’ lives and more specifically into their most private aspects.
This paper examines the Spanish song «Princesita que riega la albahaca» and compares it with other Moroccan versions of the folk tale. Although loosely based on the encounter between King Solomon and ...Queen Sheba, the story incorporates a series of elements from different folk traditions, while insisting on the motif of the husband-seeking maiden. Drawing on the motifs of the garden or the mother, the essay examines how the protagonist of the story uses the metaphor of the Basil plant to articulate relations of exogamy and to question social assumptions regarding the role of women and their social constraints. El presente artículo examina la canción en español "Princesita que riega la albahaca" y la contrasta con otras versiones marroquíes del cuento. Aun basándose relativamente en el encuentro entre el rey Salomón y la reina de Saba, la historia incorpora una serie de elementos de diferentes tradiciones populares al tiempo que insiste en el motivo de la doncella que busca marido.A partir de los motivos del jardín o de la madre, el ensayo examina cómo el protagonista de la historia utiliza la metáfora de la planta de albahaca para articular relaciones de exogamia y para cuestionar los presupuestos sobre el papel de las mujeres y sus limitaciones en sociedad.
Background. In modern society, family values coexist with material values and self-realization values. The position of family values in the general structure of young youths’ values is the most ...important marker of the state of the family institution. The purpose of the research is to study the youths’ structure of values in Penza region, as well as to determine the place of family values in the general hierarchy. Materials and methods. To study the value orientations of young people, we used the data of the author’s research (Penza region, 2022, n = 616), as well as data from all-Russian sociological surveys and studies in individual regions (Volga, Siberian, Ural, Central districts). Results. Family values occupy a priority position in the value structure of the youth of Penza region, and the values associated with health and material well-being are also important for young people. However, in forming the desired value structure for their children, young people do not choose family values as the most important. Conclusions. Family values are important for the youth of Penza region. At the same time, for transmission to future generations, young people choose values associated primarily with personal physiological, spiritual and material well-being. At the same time, the importance of family and childbearing is recognized, but not a priority for a happy life.
Background. The changes in Russia in the sphere of family and marriage affect key value systems. The transformation of family values affects such functional systems of the family as parenthood, ...marriage and kinship. The attitude of young people towards marriage and childbearing is an important marker of the manifestation of family values among young people. Materials and methods. To study the value orientations of young people in the field of family relations and the birth of children, the data of the author’s study: “Marriage and cohabitationˮ (2020, n = 520), as well as data from the All-Russian study of reproductive strategies of young people (2019, n = 1600). Results. It was revealed that the values of marriage and parenthood are an important part of the value system of young people, however, there is a massive rejection of early childbearing and marriage without prior cohabitation. Young people associate the postponement of starting a family and having children with objective reasons: financial and housing. Conclusions. The study showed that the following trends are noticeable among the youth of the Penza region: postponing childbirth, normalization of cohabitation, planning for the birth of children, partnership budget in a couple. Attitudes towards family and marriage are mostly positive. The ideas of “childfreeˮ as a conscious choice are practically not common among the youth of the Penza region.
Research over the last two decades has identified a group of meiosis‐specific proteins, consisting of budding yeast Spo13, fission yeast Moa1, mouse MEIKIN, and Drosophila Mtrm, with essential ...functions in meiotic chromosome segregation. These proteins, which we call meiosis I kinase regulators (MOKIRs), mediate two major adaptations to the meiotic cell cycle to allow the generation of haploid gametes from diploid mother cells. Firstly, they promote the segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I (reductional division) by ensuring that sister kinetochores face towards the same pole (mono‐orientation). Secondly, they safeguard the timely separation of sister chromatids in meiosis II (equational division) by counteracting the premature removal of pericentromeric cohesin, and thus prevent the formation of aneuploid gametes. Although MOKIRs bear no obvious sequence similarity, they appear to play functionally conserved roles in regulating meiotic kinases. Here, the known functions of MOKIRs are reviewed and their possible mechanisms of action are discussed. Also see the video here https://youtu.be/tLE9KL89bwk.
MOKIRs (Meiosis One KInase Regulators) are meiosis‐specific proteins that orchestrate the segregation of homologous chromosomes. MOKIRs establish key features of meiosis I, including sister kinetochore mono‐orientation and protection of pericentromeric cohesin. This review focuses on how MOKIRs might control a number of kinases, notably Polo, to elicit these effects.
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