Marriage in Hinduism is sacramental in nature and considered a divine religious bond. As per Shastras, man alone is incomplete until or unless he marries. The wife is called Ardhangini (half of man) ...or dharmapatni, who shares religious duties with her husband. This paper views matrimony from a feminist lens and explores the changing ideology of marriage by drawing upon feminist theory. The study uses two novels by contemporary Indian women writers, Shashi Deshpande's A Matter of Time (1996) and Shobhaa De's Second Thoughts (1996), to explore the world of married women. These novels by Indian women express women's viewpoints about their experiences of precarity and suffering, the subjugated world of limited choices, and conflict in married life. They extend their deep psychological insight and understanding of the husband-wife relationship. Disrupting the sacred relation of husband and wife, the husband often occupies a position similar to that of a master, while the wife is akin to a servant. Deshpande portrays three generations of common middle-class Indian women, who endure a subservient role in their marital life and struggle to adjust rather than break free from the traditional world. Shobhaa De, the spokesperson of the urban women in her novel, focuses on infidelity in the institution of marriage, a tale of love and betrayal that surfaces the hollowness and hypocrisy lurking behind Indian traditional marriages. The texts reveal that women are subservient partners in traditional Indian marriages, alienating disadvantaged women from their husbands or leading them to revolt against the social system and even reject the institution of marriage entirely.
The results of research on the compatibility of a married couple by role positions and family values as a factor in the satisfaction of spouses with a marriage have been presented. The following ...psychodiagnostic methods were used as research methods: the test “Role positions in interpersonal relationship” by E. Burn, the questionnaire “Role expectations and claims in marriage” (A. N. Volkova), the method of V. Stolin “Test satisfaction survey marriage”. As methods of statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to identify significant differences in all parameters of the four formed groups. It was found that satisfaction with marriage directly depends on the compatibility of marriage partners in role positions and family values. As a consequence, couples in which the spouses are compatible on two possible factors are more satisfied with their relations, while spouses whose role positions are incompatible and family values are not agreed are least satisfied with the marriage. The obtained results can be used in the practical work of psychologists.
Introduction. The paper offers an analysis of historical studies on family and motherhood in post-war decades published in the 21st century, gives an account of the achievements of modern ...historiography on the subject, outlines the tasks for further studies. These topics have become compelling because of the declining value of motherhood and a prolonged demographic crisis in Russia.
Methods. The historiographic analysis in this article is based on the thematic-chronological method supplemented with the systemic, typological and comparative-historical techniques permitting the literature available on the subject to be systematized and analyzed. The article primarily focuses on publications by Russian historians.
Analysis. The main specific areas of research on family and motherhood are characterized. It is remarked that the pool of sources available has increased, and new research approaches and practices have been introduced. Contemporary authors have focused their attention on the analysis of the ideological background and principles of the Soviet gender policy, on the machinery of constructing the myth about equality of Soviet women. New aspects have been addressed, such as family private life, domestics role in its functioning, family conflict resolution practices, change in womans biological status over time, socio-ethical meaning of government awards for women, womans image reconstruction in post-war Soviet press. Researchers characterized the various stages in the Soviet family policy, marriage and family relationships in urban and rural communities. Studies on the legislative regulation of the family policy, social support to motherhood and childhood in postwar decades continued. The significance of the measures taken in this period to establish a system of medical aid and social guarantees and benefits for mothers was emphasized. The authors, however, remarked the persistent double work load on women, inequalities in payment rates and career.
Results. The substantial progress has been achieved in the coverage of the issue of family and motherhood in two post-war decades. The tendency for multidisciplinary research has been growing; new aspects of the problem have been investigated. At the same time, the issue of the organization of the family welfare system, womens value systems, their attitudes towards the social policy and methods of adaptation to the living conditions should be addressed in more detail.
Between Sex and Power Therborn, Göran
2004, 20040731, 2004-02-20, 2004-07-31, 20030101
eBook, Book
The institution of the family changed hugely during the course of the twentieth century. In this major new work, Göran Therborn provides a global history and sociology of the family as an institution ...and of politics within the family, focusing on three dimensions of family relations: on the rights and powers of fathers and husbands; on marriage, cohabitation and extra-marital sexuality; and on population policy. Therborn's empirical analysis uses a multi-disciplinary approach to show how the major family systems of the world have been formed and developed. Therborn concludes by assessing what changes the family might see during the next century. This book will be essential reading for anybody with an interest in either the sociology or the history of the family.
Preface Introduction: Sex, Power, and Families of the World Part 1: Patriarchy and Its Exits - and Closures 1. Modernities and Family Systems: Patriarchy around l900 2. A Long Night´s Journey into Dawn 3. The Patriarchal Burden of the 21st Century Part 2: Marriage and Mutations of the Socio-Sexual Order 4. Sex and Marriage in l900 5. Marital Curvatures of the 20th Century 6. The Return of Cohabitation and the Sexual Revolution Part 3: Couples, Babies, and States 7. Fertility Decline and Political Natalism 8. The Politics and the Sociology of Birth Control List of Tables A Note on Primary Sources References
"...a great work of historical intellect and imagination. It is the fruit of a rare combination of gifts. Trained as a sociologist, Therborn is a highly conceptual thinker, allying the formal rigor of his discipline at its best with a command of a vast range of empirical data. The result is a powerful theoretical structure, supported by a fascinating body of evidence. In it, you can find the largest changes in human relations of modern times." - The Nation
'The richness of the data and the text provide a fascinating account of how much, and in some cases how little, family systems have changed over the century, and the pace of the book certainly underlines the pace of these changes. It deserves to become a classic text for students and researchers of families past, present and future.' - Social Policy, Volume 36/2 - 2007
Göran Therborn is Director of the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences and University Professor of Sociology at Uppsala University.
From about seven children per woman in 1960, the fertility rate in Mexico has dropped to about 2.6. Such changes are part of a larger transformation explored in this book, a richly detailed ...ethnographic study of generational and migration-related redefinitions of gender, marriage, and sexuality in rural Mexico and among Mexicans in Atlanta.
In this collection leading anthropologists provide a comprehensive yet highly nuanced view of what it means to be a Greek man or woman, married or unmarried, functioning within a complex society ...based on kinship ties. Exploring the ways in which sexual identity is constructed, these authors discuss, for example, how going out for coffee embodies dominant ideas about female sexuality, moral virtue, and autonomy; why men in a Lesbos village maintain elaborate friendships with nonfamily members while the women do not; why young housewives often participate in conflict-resolution rituals; and how the dominant role of mature married householders is challenged by unmarried persons who emphasize spontaneity and personal autonomy. This collection demonstrates that kinship and gender identities in Greece are not unitary and fixed: kinship is organized in several highly specific forms, and gender identities are plural, competing, antagonistic, and are continually being redefined by contexts and social change.
The article examines concept of family in Russian society, changes in interpretation of family, connected with modern tendencies and processes in different sociocultural spheres. The article is ...structured and has accurate limits of introduction, main part and conclusion. The relevance of the research is caused by present-day crisis tendencies connected with suicide actions, atomization and hedonization of society, value depreciation of family. The object of the research is to analyze the conception of family and its transformation in condition of modern Russian society. The tasks are to determine the term family, to analyze approaches to understanding of the family and its genesis, detect some peculiarities of modern Russian society, research the transformation of interpretation of family in modern society; the matter of investigation is modern Russian society, the subject is the transformation of family structures; the following methods of research are used: historical and cultural approach, typological method, existential method, common logic procedures. The research contains author’s definition of the term family, historical and cultural analysis and typological explication of the approaches to interpretation of the problem, classification of family structures - which have been formed in Russian society- on the base of statistic and sociological data. Some interweaving of concept family with the most important existential values (love, freedom, responsibility) were investigated and some tendencies for further development of family relationship in Russian society were revealed, its problems and prospect were emphasized. The results of the investigation testify that modern types of matrimonial relationship differ in limitation of functionality, mutual responsibility, thereby it is possible to state that interpretation of family in modern Russian society has transformed.
This paper is a corpus-based method for extracting users’ explicit preferences from free-text part of the registered user profile in Indian matchmaking system using Second order Co-occurrence PMI ...(SOC-PMI).In online Indian matrimonial system, while registering, users are asked to provide information about themselves, family and the qualities he/she is looking for in a desired partner but there is no means to automatically prioritize the desired partner features (which features are more important to him/her and it varies from person to person) except for explicitly asking the user. Extraction of users’ preferences from unconstrained attributes has not been explored yet. This motivates us to extract users’ preferences from an unexplored area. The contribution of this paper is focused on the above gap found in the research. The methodology explained in this paper automatically prioritizes these features which can be used to design a Weighted Reciprocal Recommendation model to generate more efficient recommendations. Experimental results show the efficiency of the applied methodology.
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