Spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) have gained great attention from researchers in various fields. The spherical fuzzy set is characterized by three membership functions expressing the degrees of ...membership, non-membership and the indeterminacy to provide a larger preference domain. It was proposed as a generalization of picture fuzzy sets and Pythagorean fuzzy sets in order to deal with uncertainty and vagueness information. The similarity measure is one of the essential and advantageous tools to determine the degree of similarity between items. Several studies on similarity measures have been developed due to the importance of similarity measure and application in decision making, data mining, medical diagnosis, and pattern recognition in the literature. The contribution of this study is to present some novel spherical fuzzy similarity measures. We develop the Jaccard, exponential, and square root cosine similarity measures under spherical fuzzy environment. Each of these similarity measures is analyzed with respect to decision-makers’ optimistic or pessimistic point of views. Then, we apply these similarity measures to medical diagnose and green supplier selection problems. These similarity measures can be computed easily and they can express the dependability similarity relation apparently.
•Some novel similarity measures which are the Jaccard, exponential and square root cosine similarity measures are introduced based on spherical fuzzy sets.•These similarity measures are applied to medical diagnose and green supplier selection problems.
The picture fuzzy set is characterized by three functions expressing the degree of membership, the degree of neutral membership and the degree of non-membership. It was proposed as a generalization ...of an intuitionistic fuzzy set in order to deal with indeterminate and inconsistent information. In this work, we shall present some novel Dice similarity measures of picture fuzzy sets and the generalized Dice similarity measures of picture fuzzy sets and indicate that the Dice similarity measures and asymmetric measures (projection measures) are the special cases of the generalized Dice similarity measures in some parameter values. Then, we propose the generalized Dice similarity measures-based patterns recognition models with picture fuzzy information. Then, we apply the generalized Dice similarity measures between picture fuzzy sets to building material recognition. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the similarity measures for building material recognition.
On a Moran set meeting the strong separation requirement, we examine a family of multifractal Hausdorff and packing measures and dimensions in this study. Let φ∗π be the image measure of ergodic ...Borel probability measure π and measurable function φ. Entropy is used to calculate the formula for the dimension of the multifractal measure of φ∗π. Moreover, some statistical interpretations, on a class of Moran sets, of the dimensions and corresponding geometrical measures are also supported. Finally, a specific illustration of a measure that satisfies the aforementioned criteria is created.
Drawing on the authors' extensive experience in the processing and disposal of waste, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition examines the gamut of nuclear waste issues from ...the natural level of radionuclides in the environment to geological disposal of waste-forms and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of other matrices such as bitumen. The final chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of immobilizing materials and safety of disposal, providing a full range of the resources needed to understand and correctly immobilize nuclear waste. * The fully revised second edition focuses on core technologies and has an integrated approach to immobilization and hazards * Each chapter focuses on a different matrix used in nuclear waste immobilization: cement, bitumen, glass and new materials * Keeps the most important issues surrounding nuclear waste - such as treatment schemes and technologies and disposal - at the forefront
Once dismissed as ineffectual, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has in the past twenty years emerged as a powerful international organization. Member states allow the IAEA to render ...judgment on matters vital to peace and security while nations around the globe comply with its rules and commands on proliferation, safety, and a range of other issues.Robert L. Brown details the IAEA's role in facilitating both control of nuclear weapons and the safe exploitation of nuclear power. As he shows, the IAEA has acquired a surprising amount of power as states, for political and technological reasons, turn to it to supply policy cooperation and to act as an agent for their security and safety. The agency's success in gaining and holding authority rests in part on its ability to apply politically neutral expertise that produces beneficial policy outcomes. But Brown also delves into the puzzle of how an agency created by states to aid cooperation has acquired power over them.
Many people think of the Smart Grid as a power distribution group built on advanced smart metering—but that's just one aspect of a much larger and more complex system. The "Smart Grid" requires new ...technologies throughout energy generation, transmission and distribution, and even the homes and businesses being served by the grid. This also represents new information paths between these new systems and services, all of which represents risk, requiring a more thorough approach to where and how cyber security controls are implemented. This insight provides a detailed architecture of the entire Smart Grid, with recommended cyber security measures for everything from the supply chain to the consumer. * Discover the potential of the Smart Grid * Learn in depth about its systems * See its vulnerabilities and how best to protect it
Powerful Earthquake Triggers Tsunami in Pacific. Hurricane Isaac Makes Landfall in the Gulf Coast. Wildfires Burn Hundreds of Houses and Businesses in Colorado. Tornado Touches Down in Missouri. ...These headlines not only have caught the attention of people around the world, they have had a significant effect on IT professionals as well. The new 2 nd Edition of Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery for IT Professionals gives you the most up- to-date planning and risk management techniques for business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR). With distributed networks, increasing demands for confidentiality, integrity and availability of data, and the widespread risks to the security of personal, confidential and sensitive data, no organization can afford to ignore the need for disaster planning. Author Susan Snedaker shares her expertise with you, including the most current options for disaster recovery and communication, BCDR for mobile devices, and the latest infrastructure considerations including cloud, virtualization, clustering, and more. Snedaker also provides you with new case studies in several business areas, along with a review of high availability and information security in healthcare IT. Don't be caught off guard— Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery for IT Professionals, 2 nd Edition, is required reading for anyone in the IT field charged with keeping information secure and systems up and running. * Complete coverage of the 3 categories of disaster: natural hazards, human-caused hazards, and accidental / technical hazards * Extensive disaster planning and readiness checklists for IT infrastructure, enterprise applications, servers and desktops * Clear guidance on developing alternate work and computing sites and emergency facilities * Actionable advice on emergency readiness and response * Up-to-date information on the legal implications of data loss following a security breach or disaster
Shipping is a pillar of global trade, with 90 per cent of the world’s trade in goods and raw
materials carried by ship. Despite the economic benefits this delivers, maritime
operations can be ...dangerous, and when accidents occur the consequences are serious.
Consequential outcomes from hazards at sea include serious injury, death, loss of
cargo and destruction of the marine environment. Managing Maritime
Safety will give you a thorough understanding of contemporary maritime
safety and its management. It provides varying viewpoints on traditional safety
topics in conjunction with critical discussions of the international safety
management code and its application. The book also offers new perspectives on
maritime safety such as ship and equipment design for safety and the relevance of
safety management systems, in particular the application of the International Safety
Management code to remote controlled or autonomous ships. The authors all work in
the maritime industry, as practitioners, in education, research, government and
classification. The combination of wide-ranging and extensive experience provides an
unprecedented span of views with a strong connection to the real issues in the
maritime domain. This book sets out to provide much needed consolidated knowledge
for university level students on maritime safety management, incorporating
theoretical, historical, research, operational and design perspectives.
PDF
