A study on the effect of deep-frying at different times and temperatures on sulfonamide (SA) residues in chicken meat-balls has been carried out. The SAs used were sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethazine ...(SMZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX). Time factor (3, 6, and 9 min) showed greater effect on the reduction of SAs compared to the temperature factor (170, 180, and 190°C). Through the Pearson Correlation analysis, reduction of SA concentration was positively related to the increase of the internal temperature during deep-frying process. The weight loss of the chicken meat-balls after deep-frying also is another factor in the reduction of SA residues. The longer the duration of deep-frying and the higher the temperature, the lower SA concentrations were observed. Deep-frying process could help in reducing the SA residues in chicken meat-balls where the maximum reductions obtained were 37.5, 27.5, 40.7, and 27.6% for SDZ, SMZ, SMX, and SQX, respectively at the maximum frying time and temperature.However, controlling the time and temperature of cooking at its best is still needed to retain the taste and appearance of the food.In this study, chicken meat balls fried at 180°C for 6 min resulted in the best condition for outward appearance and consumption as
well as reduction in SA residues.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different storage temperatures on the microbiological characteristics and pH values of cig kofte during storage. Storage temperature affected ...significantly total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliforms, yeasts and moulds, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Staphylococcus aureus counts of cig kofte which had lower counts in refrigerator storage than in room storage following sixth hour for TAMB (P < 0.001), coliform (P < 0.01, P < 0.001), S. aureus (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) and LAB (P < 0.001) and at the end of storage for yeasts and moulds (P < 0.001). Listeria and Salmonella spp. could not be detected at both refrigerator temperature and room temperature storage. In order to minimise the contamination level of cig kofte, use of best microbial quality minced meat and ingredients as well as good personnel hygiene is required and preserved. In addition, Cig kofte should be kept in refrigerator when leftovers remain for additional meals.
Dittany (Origanus dictamnus L.) has been compared with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as an antioxidant in pre-cooked meat balls made from chicken breast and added 0.50% salt during chill ...storage for up to ten days packed in atmospheric air. For an addition of 0.10% of dried leaves, dittany yielded protection of the product against oxidation a little less efficiently but comparable to dried rosemary added at the same concentration. For addition of 0.050%, dittany was less efficient than rosemary, while dittany at this concentration protected vitamin E against degradation in the product during storage even better than rosemary.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The quasi-adiabatic temperature increase due to compression heating, during high-pressure (HP) processing (HPP), was studied using specially designed equipment. The temperature increase was evaluated ...as the difference in temperature, during compression, between atmospheric pressure and nominal pressure. The temperature was measured using a thermocouple in the center of a polyoxymethylene cup, which contained the sample. Fresh meat balls, pork meat pate, and tomato purée temperature increases were measured at three initial temperature levels between 40 and 80 °C. Nominal pressure was either 400 or 500 MPa. Results showed that the fat content had a positive effect on temperature increases. Empirical equations were developed to calculate the temperature increase during HPP at different initial temperatures for pressures of 400 and 500 MPa. This thermal effect data can be used for numerical modeling of temperature histories of foods during HP-assisted pasteurization or sterilization processes.
A composição nutricional encontrada no laboratório e informações nutricionais presentes nos rótulos de alimentos industrializados podem divergir significativamente. O objetivo deste estudo foi ...determinar a composição nutricional de hambúrgueres e almôndegas e compará-las com os rótulos. A composição centesimal foi realizada conforme Normas Analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz e o valor energético determinado por bomba calorimétrica, ambos realizados em triplicata. Com relação ao valor calórico, todas amostras apresentaram valores inferiores ao informado na embalagem. O teor de lipídeo dos hambúrgueres e das almôndegas (exceto as de carne) foram inferiores aos relatados no rótulo. Os valores de proteína para as almôndegas e hambúrguer de frango apresentaram valores inferiores aos dos rótulos. Os hambúrgueres de carne e peru tiveram valores superiores aos das embalagens. Dessa forma, os rótulos podem tanto superestimar como subestimar alguns valores nutricionais, levando à população informações errôneas.
Spinal cord and brain tissues have the highest importance to transfer bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to human. European Union issued complete removal of spinal cord and brain tissues from ...meat products (Commission Decision 2000/418/EC). In Turkey, regulation on meat products Turkish Food Code, Regulation on Meat Products. Official Journal No: 23960, 10 Feb, 2000 is applied by their government veterinarians. But there are some questions on the effective application of the regulation especially in some private slaughterhouses. This study was designed to represent the mixing of these tissues to meat products which sold in Marmara region of Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 179 meat product samples belonged to 17 different trademarks were tested. A semi-quantitative ELISA kit, which detects glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as marker, was used. In the test, standard controls 0, 0.2%, 1%, and 2% were practiced. Of the 179 sampled, 18 samples (10.05%) gave an optical density over than standard 0.2%. Optical density of three samples was near to standard 1%. It is concluded that central nervous system tissue mixing to the meat products still happen and more effective control measurements needs to be developed and applied in Turkey.
Kumar, L. and Sharma, B.D. 2004. Assessment of storage stability of cooked low- fat buffalo meat balls in low-fat gravy. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 26: 49-51.
Low-fat buffalo meat balls were packaged in ...LDPE pouches along with low-fat gravy and stored for 15 days at refrigerated temperature. Total plate count, psychrophilic count and TBA values showed an increase but remained within the acceptable limits during the entire period of storage. Coliforms were not detected. The sensory rating for flavour, juiciness, texture and overall acceptability remained between good to very good. These findings indicate that low-fat buffalo meat balls stored in low-fat gravy had very good acceptability during 15 days of storage in refrigeration in LDPE pouches.
This study optimized the finely ground meat ball analogue formulation by a series of experiments. Replacing isolated soy protein (ISP) to isolated mung bean protein (IMP) in total 27% protein caused ...an increase in hardness while adhesiveness, springiness, and chewiness were decreased (p<0.05), and the best ISP to IMP ratio was 10:17. When protein content was changed from 19% (w/w) to 31% (w/w) with the best ISP:IMP ratio, adhesiveness was increased with decreasing protein content, but all texture profiles were greatly decreased comparing to control (p<0.05). To modify texture of plant meat ball, potato starch (PS), κ-carrageenan (KC), methyl cellulose (MC), konjac (KJ), and potato protein (PP) were applied in formulation. Finally, KJ and MC were combined with and without PP in formulation. As a result, 0.5% KJ+MC+PP and 1% KJ+MC were best formulation for plant meat ball, nevertheless, highly harder texture than control must be regulated which warranted further exploration. 본 연구에서는 세절형 식물성 미트볼의 조직 모방을 위한 첨가소재의 최적화를 위하연 단계별 배합비 최적화를 시도하였다. 원료 식물성 단백질인 ISP를 IMP로 대체시킨 결과 경도가 증가한 반면, 응집성, 탄력성 및 씹힘성은 감소하였고, 대체 비율을 12:15 및 7:20의 범위로 조절하였을 때 대조구와 가장 유사한 조직 특성을 보였지만 점착성에서는 대조구와 큰 차이를 보였다. ISP와 IMP 비율을 10:17로 고정시킨 후 총단백질의 함량 조절에 따른 식물성 미트볼의 특성을 평가한 결과 단백질의 감소에 따른 점착력 증가 효과를 보였지만, 이외 모든 조직 특성 강도의 저하가 발생하여 대조구와의 차이가 현저하게 발생하였다. 대조구와의 이질적인 조직 특성을 보완하기 위하여 PS, KC, MC, KJ 및 PP를 결착소재로 활용한 결과 각 소재별로 상이한 조직 특성을 보여 미트볼 활용을 위하여 특성을 고려한 소재의 조합 활용이 요구되었다. 이에 KJ와 MC를 조합하고, 여기에 PP의 첨가 여부에 따른 특성을 평가한 결과 0.5% KJ+MC+PP 및 1.0% KJ+MC 조합에서 대조구와 가장 유사한 조직감을 보여주었다. 다만 결착 소재의 조합에 따라 대조구에 비하여 높은 경도값을 보여 이를 보완하기 위한 추가 연구가 요구되었다.
PDF
