In the post-broadcast era, public service media (PSM) organizations have to innovate, stay up-to-date with new ways of consuming content, and experiment with the manifold opportunities that ...interactivity offers for audience engagement. At the same time, they are still obligated to achieve their public service remit and guarantee that services comply with values such as universality, diversity, creativity, and innovation. This article analyzes the innovation policies and strategies of PSM to understand if these are shifting from a technology-centric to a user-centric approach. It evaluates what areas of innovation are prioritized by both policy-makers and public broadcasters and whether these areas correspond with the innovation goals entrusted to PSM organizations by scholars. To this end, we adopted a multi-case study approach. The focus is on three public broadcasters of varying size and situated in different political, cultural, and economic backgrounds: RTVE (Spain), RTÉ (Ireland), and VRT (Belgium). Based on a qualitative document analysis, we conclude that innovation remains largely technology-centric. Strategies are oriented to the implementation of new technologies, the digital distribution of the content, and the collaboration with external partners. However, these public broadcasters have not yet promoted concrete actions to encourage the participation of their audiences.
The on-going constitutionalization of Europe has led to various changes in media and communications, opening up areas of debate regarding the role of traditional and new media in developing a ...specific European public sphere as part of the wider European Project. This timely volume addresses the little understood relationship between old and new media, communications policy at the European level, issues of regulation and competition within the EU, the role of the European Parliament in media policymaking, and the questions emerging about the sustainability of traditional public service broadcasting. To understand the concrete significance of these debates two contributions address specific practical areas, i.e. the potential of online environments and specific developments in European media contexts, such as channel strategies, web-related services, iDTV and community networks. Consequently, Mediating Europe provides an original and important contribution to understanding the role of the media in shaping a European public sphere.
The media systems of the Nordic countries have for long been characterised by universality, freedom, trust, and cooperation between stakeholders. In comparative media systems research, the Nordic ...countries have been described as belonging to a single model – the Nordic media welfare state. The future of this model is now more uncertain than ever, as it is under increasing pressure from global tech companies, new digital media infrastructure, and developments in media policy, which all seem to elude domestic regulatory control. These developments raise questions about both the current state and the future of the media welfare state in a digital society – questions that this edited volume seeks to explore through conceptual, theoretical, and empirical analyses. The first section of this edited volume analyses the current state of the media model in the Nordic countries and focuses on some of the challenges that the media welfare states are facing. The section provides a comparative analysis of how the media are used and how they are regulated. It also analyses specific challenges such as disinformation and hate speech and the current measures taken to tackle such issues. The second section of this volume addresses conceptual and theoretical issues regarding the concept of the Nordic media welfare state. Through both historical and contemporary case studies, the section extends the concept of media welfare by attending to digital infrastructures, libraries, environmental issues, as well as the integration of the media with other aspects of social welfare. In the final chapter of the book, the editors propose that the digital media welfare state can be expanded and adapted to the digital media landscape using the public service media companies as a platform to connect cultural institutions and citizens. This book is of interest to students, researchers, and anyone seeking to understand developments in the media industries and media policy in the Nordic countries. The chapters in this volume are written by experts in their respective fields and provide the reader with both an overview and detailed knowledge about the Nordic media model. The editors – Peter Jakobsson and Johan Lindell at Uppsala University and Fredrik Stiernstedt at Södertörn University – have collaborated in several research projects that connect to the question of the future of the digital media welfare state.
Public Service Media (PSM) across Europe and beyond are increasingly under pressure, with both their role in a digital environment and their funding widely scrutinised. As a result, PSM organisations ...are constantly in a defensive position. Following attempts to demonstrate their “public value”, discussion is now turning towards PSM’s “contribution to society”, a concept pushed by the European Broadcasting Union. Yet, to be meaningful for society and to influence PSM organisations, the concept must be more than just an instrument of legitimacy management. While communicating the valuable contributions of PSM is important, the concept is useless if limited to the question of how to better sell the contribution of PSM to citizens instead of guaranteeing that PSM actually serves the public interest and makes a contribution worth funding and discussing. This volume critically engages with the analytical value and usefulness of the contribution to society concept, related both to the EBU’s conceptualisation and to the larger, normative question of contribution. Such critical analyses are not only a worthwhile task for communication and media scholars, but also for practitioners and policy-makers involved in debates about PSM’s future. The first section of this volume defines and refines how PSM can serve the public interest by meeting the communication needs of society in unique ways that commercial media cannot. The second section discusses what PSM can be beyond broadcasting, touching upon personalised on-demand services, new forms of mobile distribution, and public service bots. The third section focuses on organisational change and innovation, ranging from citizen participation to transparency.
In this pathbreaking study, Amal Jamal analyzes the consumption of media
by Arab citizens of Israel as a type of communicative behavior and a form of
political action. Drawing on extensive public ...opinion survey data, he describes
perceptions and use of media ranging from Arabic Israeli newspapers to satellite
television broadcasts from throughout the Middle East. By participating in this
semi-autonomous Arab public sphere, the average Arab citizen can connect with a
wider Arab world beyond the boundaries of the Israeli state. Jamal shows how media
aid the community's ability to resist the state's domination, protect its
Palestinian national identity, and promote its civic status.
This essay approaches the issue of trust in the Hungarian media from the perspective that the last decade or so has brought constant and unpredictable changes in the media system. We argue that these ...changes were motivated solely by party politics linked to the Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán and were not market-driven at all. In effect, the owners of some media outlets and their worldviews have been undergoing rapid and radical changes. The essay illustrates these changes with specific examples and shows how this leads to a severely negative self-evaluation of journalism and a total loss of trust on the part of the public.
In this study, the researcher examines some of the key arguments in the scholarship on media–government relations by analyzing press reporting of four different events in the securitized context of ...Pakistan. For this purpose, framing analysis of one elite English newspaper Dawn and one popular Urdu newspaper daily Jang was conducted. Overall, the results are mixed. The tragic event of Salala check post did not result in critical coverage. On the other hand, policy uncertainty on participation in the Yemeni conflict produced critical coverage. In case of Kashmir conflict, the broader political consensus was responsible for supportive coverage. Similarly, the unpopular step of giving extension to army chief was mainly reported in neutral fashion with some procedural criticism.
The emergence of enterprise social media (ESM) allows enterprises to develop employee improvisation ability for effective decision-making in various emergencies. However, it remains unclear how the ...use of ESM by employees affects their ability to improvise. Based on the job demands-resources model and Kahn's psychological conditions framework, this study constructs a theoretical model capturing two types of ESM usage—work-related and social-related—and examines their impact on employee improvisation ability. Through the analysis of 307 paired data collected from multi-wave and multi-source questionnaires using Smart-PLS software, the results show that both work-related and social-related ESM use can promote employees' psychological meaningfulness, availability, and safety, thus further stimulating employees' improvisation ability. ESM policies only significantly moderated the effects of work-related ESM use on the three psychological conditions of employees. Moreover, there are significant differences in the intensity of the influence of the two types of ESM uses on the psychological conditions of employees. This study not only enriches and promotes the existing research on ESM usage, psychological conditions, and employee improvisation ability but also helps enterprise management effectively guide employees to use ESM to promote their improvisation ability.
•Study how enterprise social media (ESM) use impacts employees' psychological conditions.•Investigate two types of ESM use: work-related and social-related.•Consider three types of psychological conditions: meaningfulness, availability, and safety.•ESM use positively impacts psychological conditions that improve improvisation ability.•ESM policies moderate the effects of work-related ESM use on psychological conditions.
The study aims to reveal how government organizations manage governmental social media use by employing policies to respond to the affordances of social media. The existing literature has mainly ...emphasized social media diffusion, use and their roles in social management. Little explores how government departments manage governmental social media use. The study tries to accomplish the goal by content analyzing seventy-six social media policy documents from Chinese government departments. The results found that Chinese government departments showed distinct strategies toward four affordances of social media. Government departments presented positive perceptions toward editability, but perceived more negative aspects of persistence. Meanwhile, government departments perceived both opportunities and challenges for visibility and interactivity. Moreover, Chinese government departments placed distinct emphasis on policy elements employed to govern the affordances. Overall, Chinese government departments highlighted policy elements such as employee response, account presentation, content vetting, human resources and scopes of content, but paid little attention to policy elements like content accessibility, account termination, rules for citizen commenting, and financial resources.
•Identifies four affordances of governmental social media use•Identifies fifteen components of social media polices for government•Government organizations show distinct tactics toward four affordances.•Places distinct emphasis on policy elements for responding to affordances
With the end of the Cold War and the proliferation of civil wars and "regime changes," the question of nation building has acquired great practical and theoretical urgency. From Eastern Europe to ...East Timor, Afghanistan and recently Iraq, the United States and its allies have often been accused of shirking their nation-building responsibilities as their attention — and that of the media -- turned to yet another regional crisis. While much has been written about the growing influence of television and the Internet on modern warfare, little is known about the relationship between media and nation building. This book explores, for the first time, this relationship by means of a paradigmatic case of successful nation building: Malaysia. Based on extended fieldwork and historical research, the author follows the diffusion, adoption, and social uses of media among the Iban of Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo and demonstrates the wide-ranging process of nation building that has accompanied the Iban adoption of radio, clocks, print media, and television. In less than four decades, Iban longhouses ('villages under one roof') have become media organizations shaped by the official ideology of Malaysia, a country hastily formed in 1963 by conjoining four disparate territories.
