This article essentially shows how the development of commercial television in Indonesia has conflicted with the country’s media democratization, as illustrated by the growth of local media in the ...past 15 years. Compared to print media and radio, which are decentralized, Indonesia’s television industry is dominated by five large media corporations that are all based in the capital city of Jakarta. As a consequence, this fails to leave much growing space to television stations at a local level, which would be needed to strengthen Indonesia’s democratization. Media owners have successfully influenced the government in establishing a set of policies that sustain their dominance of the industry. Players within the television industry have even successfully swayed the direction of the broadcasting decentralization mandated by the Broadcasting Bill during Indonesia’s early political Reform period. The influence of these ‘Jakarta television stations’ stunted the development of television stations outside of Jakarta. Not only it deprives local actors of the economic value of developing their own television industry would bring, it also has resulted in the the loss of television's potential in functioning as a public sphere facilitating social control over democratic processes. Although the Reform era promised a new age of media democratization, the centralization of commercial television actually worsened media monopolies that were thought to have been done away with in post-Suharto Indonesia.
The United States is in the middle of a debate about media ownership with clear lines of demarcation. The industry claims that regulation is burdensome, unnecessary, and disruptive of market ...mechanisms. Media reformers counter that relying only on the market can be detrimental to the public interest. This research revealed that service agreements among stations in the same television market have a profound effect on the content of local TV news as station managers and owners achieve economies of scale in the use of anchors, reporters, scripts, and graphics/video.
This article presents the findings of a document analysis of the key policy documents regulating media ownership in Norway. The analysis finds that ownership regulation is premised on sustaining ...democracy and freedom of speech, operationalized as diversity in output and plurality in ownership, and motivated by a fear of powerful media. Sustaining media regulation is the underlying assumption of media effects. Because regulatory bodies fear the influence of owners on content, the media effects assumption serves to make media as powerful as they need to be to legitimize strong legislation of a sector that is highly attractive to investors.
//ABSTRACT IN SPANISH: Partiendo de la constatación de que las políticas desarrolladas históricamente por los gobiernos ecuatorianos han generado las condiciones legales y materiales para una ...situación de acentuada desdemocratización de la comunicación en el país, este artículo analiza el "activismo estatal" emprendido por el gobierno de Rafael Correa frente a los medios masivos. En lugar de presuponer que este activismo, instrumentado por un régimen político de características populistas, conduce necesariamente a la democratización de la comunicación mediatizada, se da cuenta de los avances realizados y se alerta sobre las acciones gubernamentales que han resultado desdemocratizadoras. //ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Starting from the fact that politics in Ecuador have historically generated the legal and material conditions necessary for an accentuated de-democratization of communications in this country, this article analyzes the "state activism" carried out by Rafael Correa's administration regarding mass media. Instead of assuming that this activism -which is implemented by a political regime with populist qualities- necessarily leads to democratization of media communications, this article recognizes its accomplishments and takes caution on governmental actions that have resulted in a loss of democratic exercise.
Where do Canadian content requirements come from? What is the difference between an over-the-top (OTP) service provider and a broadcast distribution undertaking (BDU)? How is broadcast ...regulation changing in response to the rise of new media? The second edition of Broadcasting Policy in Canada answers these questions by tracing the development of Canada’s broadcasting legislation and analysing the roles and responsibilities of the key players in the broadcasting system, particularly those of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).
Revised and updated to reflect the impact of digital media on the broadcasting industry and subsequent developments in the regulatory framework, the second edition of Broadcasting Policy in Canada offers a comprehensive overview of the policies that provide the foundation for the Canadian broadcasting system, including discussion of topics such as Canadian content, media regulation, and program financing. The book continues to provide a valuable resource for students, policymakers, and broadcasting industry members who are affected by the CRTC’s policies and decisions.
In 'De regulering van media in internationaal perspectief' zijn de internationale ontwikkelingen binnen het recht in kaart gebracht, die van grote invloed zijn op (de regulering van) de inhoud van de ...media. De auteurs hebben zich gericht op vier deelgebieden: de constitutionele kaders, de regulering van de inhoud, toegang tot verspreidingsmiddelen en de bescherming van informatie en privacy.Deze webpublicatie is het resultaat van een opdracht die aan het Instituut voor Informatierecht (IVIR) is verstrekt in het kader van het WRR-rapport 9789053567333 'Focus op functies.
BBC ve İngiltere’de BBC uygulamalarına yönelik geliştirilen politika ve stratejiler özellikle neoliberal dönemde ayrı bir önem kazanmıştır. Dünyada ve Avrupa’da bir çok ülkenin kamu hizmeti yayıncısı ...hızla tasfiye olma konumuna gelirken BBC’nin kendi yayın ilkelerini büyük ölçüde koruyarak dünyada büyük medya devleriyle rekabet edecek düzeye gelmiş olması, BBC’yi Avrupa’da kamu hizmeti yayıncılığına ilişkin getirilen düzenleme ve uygulamalarda önemli bir referans noktası haline getirmiştir. İngiltere, esas aldığı ikili stratejiyle ya da baş vurduğu kamu değer testi gibi uygulamalarıyla Avrupa Birliği’nin iletişim politikalarının şekillenmesinde belirleyici bir konumda yer almıştır. Bu araştırma İngiltere’de neoliberal dönemde kamu hizmeti yayıncılığının konumunu esas alınan politikalar getirilen düzenlemeler ve uygulamaları ele alarak tartışmakta, Avrupa Birliği ve üye ülkelere etkisini analiz etmeye çalışmaktadır.
The paper analyzes the national constructions of European identity in the debates on the constitutional referendum in 2005 and on the Lisbon Treaty in 2008. Against the background of these attempts ...to deepen European integration, it asks how particular interpretations of the EU relate to the degree of identification with the EU in different EU countries and how this reflects perceived chances and risks of further integration in those countries. Countries which held (France) or had planned (Great Britain, Poland) a referendum are compared to countries which had avoided it (Germany, Italy). Findings show considerable differences between countries. However, the interpretation of the EU as a community tied together through common political values is supported in all countries under study, so further efforts to deepen European integration may build on them. In countries where a referendum was held or planned, both interpretations relating to the conflict between EU vs. national competences and perceptions of the consequences for one´s own nation play a bigger role. In order to generate more support for deepening European integration, the chances of deepened integration will have to be emphasized. //ABSTRACT IN GERMAN: Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Konstruktion europäischer Identität in nationalen Medienöffentlichkeiten und untersucht die Debatten anlässlich der Referenden zum EU-Verfassungsvertrag 2005 und zum Lissabon-Vertrag 2008. Bezogen auf diese Versuche, die europäische Integration zu vertiefen, wird gefragt, inwiefern bestimmte inhaltliche Deutungen der EU in verschiedenen Ländern mit Identifikationen oder Ablehnungen der EU verbunden werden und inwiefern sich darin Chancen- und Risikowahrnehmung der EU-Mitgliedschaft für das jeweils eigene Land widerspiegeln. Vergleichsgegenstand sind die Debatten in Ländern, in denen zum Verfassungsvertrag ein Referendum stattfand (Frankreich), geplant war (Großbritannien, Polen) oder vermieden wurde (Deutschland, Italien). Die Befunde zeigen starke Unterschiede. V. a. die Deutung der EU als eine politische Wertegemeinschaft ist aber länderübergreifend mit Identifikationen verbunden und bietet Anknüpfungspunkte zur Vertiefung der Integration. In Ländern, die ein Referendum zumindest geplant haben, spielen nicht nur Deutungen zum politischen Gewicht der EU gegenüber der Nation eine stärkere Rolle, sondern auch Chancen- und Risikowahrnehmungen für die eigene Nation. Um den europäischen Einigungsprozess voranzutreiben, dürfte daher die Betonung von Chancen der Integration für das eigene Land entscheidend sein. Reprinted by permission of the VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Germany
As American newspapers came under various forms of financial strain in the 1940s, arguably the most significant threat facing the industry during this period was an onslaught of media criticism in ...conjunction with a series of attempted state interventions. This paper fleshes out recurring themes of 1940s media criticism and shows how they coincided with moves toward regulating the press, which had begun in the late 1930s. Using historical methods, including close readings of newspaper, trade press, and activist literature and other materials that shed light on debates around press reform, this critical revisionist history brings into focus a formative period in the American press system's development. The history that emerges from this archival evidence does not simply bring previously under-researched areas into focus; it also questions the presumed natural laissez-faire arrangement between the American government and the press-an assumption that largely remains intact to this day.
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