Public policy spanning a broad range of contexts, ranging from the European Union, to states, cities and local communities around the globe, has turned to entrepreneurship to provide the engine for ...economic growth, competitiveness in globally linked markets, and jobs. This book explains why entrepreneurship has emerged as a bona fide instrument of growth policy. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship suggests that entrepreneurship provides a crucial mechanism in the process of economic growth by serving as a conduit for knowledge spillovers. Investments in new knowledge and ideas may not automatically spill over and result in commercialization, as has typically been assumed in models of economic growth. Rather, the existence of what is introduced as the knowledge filter impedes the spillover and commercialization of investments in new ideas and knowledge. By penetrating the knowledge filter and facilitating the spillover of knowledge that might otherwise not be commercialized, entrepreneurship provides the missing link to economic growth. This new focus of entrepreneurship as a conduit transmitting the spillover of knowledge generates a series of theoretical propositions, involving not just the impact of entrepreneurship on economic performance and growth, but also the very nature of entrepreneurship. The theoretical propositions range from positing that entrepreneurial opportunities are not exogenously given but rather endogenously and systematically created by investments in new knowledge and ideas, to the importance of geographic proximity between entrepreneurial activity and knowledge sources, the impact of location on entrepreneurial performance, and the new roles for board, managers and modes of finance in entrepreneurial firms accessing and absorbing knowledge spillovers. These propositions are subjected to systematic econometric scrutiny and verification using both aggregate data to analyze the links between entrepreneurship and growth, as well as firm-level data to analyze the impact of knowledge spillover on entrepreneurial location, performance, boards, managers and mode of finance. The resulting empirical evidence supports the knowledge spillover of entrepreneurship not only by linking entrepreneurship to economic growth and performance, but also by identifying how the organization and strategy of entrepreneurial firms are influenced by the need to access, absorb and commercialize external knowledge spillovers. The book concludes that the new millennium may not be so much about the process of Joseph Schumpeter's creative destruction, where entrepreneurial startups displace and ultimately drive incumbent company's out of business, but rather characterized by creative construction. Globalization and its concomitant outsourcing and offshoring is the source of the "destruction", especially in terms of lower skilled jobs. By contrast, in the 21st century global economy, entrepreneurship is constructive by commercializing investments in knowledge and ideas that might never have been commercialized but ultimately result in growth, global competitiveness and employment. Thus, the emergence of entrepreneurship policy can be interpreted as the attempt to generate entrepreneurial based economic growth by creating an entrepreneurial economy. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/0195183517/toc.html
El análisis del uso de las TPV, para conocer la viabilidad para los empresarios en México, debido a que al contar con esta opción de cobro para la PyMES los clientes por comodidad pueden hacer uso de ...esta forma de pago, además se genera distintos beneficios con el banco en la que la TPV fue solicitada, el otorgamiento de préstamos cada vez más elevados, esto dependerá de cual sea el monto mensual del ingreso en la cuenta del banco, seguridad para el empresario y los clientes al no cargar con efectivo. Abstract The analysis of the use of POS, to know the feasibility for entrepreneurs in Mexico, because having this collection option for SMEs customers for convenience can make use of this form of payment, in addition, different benefits are generated with the bank in the to which the POS was requested, the granting of ever higher loans, this will depend on what the monthly amount of income in the bank's account, security for the employer and customers by not charging with cash.
Globally, advancements in trade have benefited millions of women, but assuming that these benefits are distributed equitably between men and women would be a mistake. However, market opening has not ...generated equitable benefits between men and women, raising questions about the inequalities that limit female participation in trade (WTO, 2020).
Given that most female economic activity is in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), implementing strategies to promote women's participation in trade involves examining how MSMEs can integrate into commercial activities (WTO, 2020). Therefore, it is essential to have studies that identify the barriers preventing the full participation of women-owned businesses in international markets.
In the current context, it is essential to explore the challenges faced by STEM micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) led by women in Chile. This study identifies four main obstacles: gender biases in the business environment, harmonization between family and professional responsibilities, limited availability of financing, and temporal discrepancy between technological advancements and current regulations.
A nivel global, los avances en el comercio han beneficiado a millones de mujeres, pero asumir que estos beneficios se distribuyen equitativamente entre hombres y mujeres sería un error. Sin embargo, la apertura de los mercados no ha generado beneficios equitativos entre hombres y mujeres, planteando interrogantes sobre las desigualdades que limitan la participación femenina en el comercio (OMC, 2020).
Dado que la mayor parte de la actividad económica femenina se encuentra en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME), la implementación de estrategias para promover la participación de las mujeres en el comercio implica examinar cómo las MIPYME pueden integrarse en las actividades comerciales (OMC, 2020). Para ello, es fundamental contar con estudios que identifiquen cuáles son las barreras que impiden una plena participación de las empresas de mujeres en los mercados internacionales.
En el presente contexto, resulta esencial explorar los desafíos a los que se enfrentan las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME) STEM dirigidas por mujeres en Chile. Este estudio identifica cuatro obstáculos principales: los sesgos de género presentes en el entorno empresarial, la armonización entre las responsabilidades familiares y profesionales, la limitada disponibilidad de financiamiento y la discrepancia temporal entre los avances tecnológicos y las regulaciones actuales.
A nivel global, los avances en el comercio han beneficiado a millones de mujeres, pero asumir que estos beneficios se distribuyen equitativamente entre hombres y mujeres sería un error. Sin embargo, la apertura de los mercados no ha generado beneficios equitativos entre hombres y mujeres, planteando interrogantes sobre las desigualdades que limitan la participación femenina en el comercio (OMC, 2020).
Dado que la mayor parte de la actividad económica femenina se encuentra en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME), la implementación de estrategias para promover la participación de las mujeres en el comercio implica examinar cómo las MIPYME pueden integrarse en las actividades comerciales (OMC, 2020). Para ello, es fundamental contar con estudios que identifiquen cuáles son las barreras que impiden una plena participación de las empresas de mujeres en los mercados internacionales.
En el presente contexto, resulta esencial explorar los desafíos a los que se enfrentan las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME) STEM dirigidas por mujeres en Chile. Este estudio identifica cuatro obstáculos principales: los sesgos de género presentes en el entorno empresarial, la armonización entre las responsabilidades familiares y profesionales, la limitada disponibilidad de financiamiento y la discrepancia temporal entre los avances tecnológicos y las regulaciones actuales.
Despite the inexistence (or disintegration) of data and pertinent information this study, conducted in 2015, describes the characteristics of an incubation business model that proposes an integral ...vision of this ecosystem in Costa Rica. This exploratory study uses typical information collection techniques for the application of a qualitative paradigm with ethnographic elements. In-depth interviews were carried out with business incubator managers holding active projects at public universities in Costa Rica, and a digital questionnaire was sent to incubators managers in Latin American (Chile and Mexico) to compare relevant aspects between incubators. As a result, 81 characteristics were determined and grouped in a model of eight categories: constituent aspects, directive profile, organizational model, management strategies, operational resources, strategic alliances, project management, and student relationship. Even though common elements are present in incubators, it was also determined that each model has its own identity with multiple distinctive characteristics, such as: an organizational model, an academic model, available resources and standardization processes for potential entrepreneurs.
A pesar de la inexistencia (o dispersión) de datos e información pertinente, este trabajo, realizado en el 2015, describe las características de un modelo de negocio de incubación que propone una visión integral para el caso de Costa Rica. Este estudio, de corte exploratorio, utiliza técnicas típicas de recopilación de información desde un paradigma cualitativo con elementos etnográficos. Por ende, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas en profundidad con los gerentes de incubadoras de empresas vinculadas a proyectos activos en universidades públicas de Costa Rica. Adicionalmente, se aplicó un cuestionario digital a los gerentes de incubadoras en América Latina (Chile y México), con el fin de comparar aspectos relevantes entre ellas. Como resultado, se determinaron 81 características en un modelo de ocho categorías: aspectos constitutivos, perfil directivo, modelo organizacional, estrategias de gestión, recursos operativos, alianzas estratégicas, gestión de proyectos y relación con los estudiantes. Aunque existen elementos comunes en todas las incubadoras, fue posible determinar que cada modelo tiene una identidad propia, con múltiples características distintivas, tales como modelo organizacional, modelo académico, recursos disponibles y procesos de estandarización para potenciales emprendedores.
apesar da inexistência (ou dispersão) de dados e informações pertinentes, este trabalho, realizado em 2015, descreve as características de um modelo de negócio de incubação que propõe uma visão integral desse ecossistema na Costa Rica. Este estudo, de tipo exploratório, utiliza técnicas típicas de recopilação de informação a partir de um paradigma qualitativo com elementos etnográficos. Nesse sentido, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com os gerentes de incubadoras de empresas vinculadas a projetos ativos em universidades públicas da Costa Rica. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário digital aos gerentes de incubadoras na América Latina (Chile e México) a fim de comparar aspectos relevantes entre elas. Como resultado, foram determinadas 81 características em um modelo de oito categorias: aspectos constitutivos, perfil diretivo, modelo organizacional, estratégias de gestão, recursos operativos, parcerias estratégicas, gestão de projetos e relação com os estudantes. Embora existam elementos comuns em todas as incubadoras, foi possível determinar que cada modelo tem uma identidade própria, com múltiplas características, como: modelo organizacional, modelo acadêmico, recursos disponíveis e processos de padronização para potenciais empreendedores.
Malgré l'absence (ou la dispersion) de données et d'informations pertinentes, ce travail, réalisé en 2015, décrit les caractéristiques d'un modèle d'entreprise d'incubation proposant une vision intégrale dudit écosystème au Costa Rica. Cette étude exploratoire utilise des techniques typiques pour la collecte d'informations à partir d'un paradigme qualitatif avec des éléments ethnographiques. Des entretiens approfondis ont donc été menés avec les responsables d’incubateurs d’entreprises liées à des projets en cours dans des universités publiques au Costa Rica. En outre, on a appliqué un questionnaire numérique aux gestionnaires d’incubateurs d’Amérique latine (Chili et Mexique) afin de comparer les aspects pertinents entre eux. Ainsi, on a déterminé 81 caractéristiques dans un modèle en huit catégories : aspects constitutifs, profil managérial, modèle organisationnel, stratégies de gestion, ressources opérationnelles, alliances stratégiques, gestion de projet et relations avec les étudiants. Bien qu'il y ait des éléments communs dans tous les incubateurs, il a été possible de déterminer que chaque modèle a sa propre identité, avec de nombreuses caractéristiques distinctives, telles que modèle d'organisation, modèle académique, ressources disponibles et processus de normalisation pour les entrepreneurs potentiels.
The small medium enterprises contribute to productive apparatus of Quevedo Canton in this line of our country. These institutions count on a great number of entrepreneurs in the all productive ...levels. But it has generated some difficulties in the organizations’ control, even occasionally by managers’ oversight. There also are weak supports in the control and enterprise’s addressing. The present research was done with the purpose to determine the incidence of financial management is small and medium enterprises of Quevedo Canton. Empirical and theoretical methods were used and also some researching techniques such as surveys and documentary and literature review and the law and regulations of these enterprises were consulted. One of the main results was the necessity to incorporate integral training plans to improve the financial economic management of each enterprise. It concludes panting out that 74 % of small enterprises didn´t count on appropriate organizational structure to develop productive activities like the 68 % medium enterprises.
In this paper, we analyse the effects of productive specialisation and diversity on population growth at the local level in Aragon, a NUTS 2 region in Spain. is region is characterised by a highly ...uneven population distribution, with numerous small cities, and a large proportion of small businesses. We estimate panel data models considering data from 2000 to 2015 at the local level, encompassing 577 municipalities. Our results show that both localisation and urbanisation have a statistically significant positive effect on growth in Aragonese municipalities but only in cities with a population threshold of 3,000 or more inhabitants.
This article evaluates, based on the Urban Mobility Policy in Feira de Santana, the organization of the CollectiveTransport System, its characteristics and obstacles, to think how, based on the ...methodology, these services and logics are understood in mediumcities. The methodology focused on mapping the collectivetransport network, applying buffer and bibliographic and documentary research. Feira de Santana is an example of how collectivetransport works in many mediumcities in Brazil. Knowledge of the history of precarious services reveals fragments of the lives of the poor. Despite the importance of some laws, in practice, the true right to the city, including urban mobility, is a distant utopia.
Este artigo avalia, no âmbito da Política de Mobilidade Urbana deFeira de Santana, a organização do Sistema de Transporte Coletivo, suas características e entraves, para pensar como, do ponto de vista metodológico, tais serviços e lógicas são compreendidas emcidades médias. Além de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a metodologia centrou-se no mapeamento da redede transporte por ônibus e na aplicação de buffer.Feira de Santana é um retrato dofuncionamento do transporte coletivo em várias cidades médias do Brasil. O reconhecimento da história de serviçosprecáriosrevela fragmentos da vida dos pobres, em que, apesar da importância de algumas leis, na prática, o verdadeiro direito à cidade, inclusive, à mobilidade urbana, é uma utopia distante de ser atingida.
Este artículo evalúa, a partir de la Política de Movilidad Urbana de Feira de Santana, la organización del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo, sus características y obstáculos, para pensar cómo, a partir de la metodología, se entienden estos servicios y lógicas en ciudades medianas.La metodología se centró en el mapeo de la red de transporte colectivo, aplicando búfer e investigación bibliográfica y documental.Feira de Santana es un ejemplo de cómo funciona el transporte colectivo en muchas ciudades medianas de Brasil. El conocimiento de la historia de los servicios precarios revela fragmentos de la vida de los pobres. A pesar de la importancia de algunas leyes, en la práctica, el verdadero derecho a la ciudad, incluida la movilidadurbana, es una utopía lejana.
Berlemann M. and Jahn V. Regional importance of Mittelstand firms and innovation performance, Regional Studies. Despite the deeply rooted belief of politicians all over the world about the important ...role of Mittelstand firms, there has yet been surprisingly little empirical research on this issue. This article contributes to the literature by studying whether the relative regional importance of Mittelstand firms has an effect on regional innovation performance. Using a cross-section of German NUTS-3 regions, a significantly positive relation between the relative importance of owner-managed small and medium-sized enterprises and patent applications is identified. This finding is highly robust when controlling for spatial correlations as they often occur in highly disaggregated regional analyses.
This research seeks to identify Management Accounting Practices (MAP) used by Small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) and the factors that explain the adoption of those practices. This study is ...relevant
due to the scarcity of studies in this context, especially, in developing countries. Our study shows that
SMEs use mostly traditional MAPs. We provide evidence that the traits of the owner/manager, and the
age and sector of activity of the SME influence the adoption of MAPs. This study contributes: empirically,
by providing statistical evidence of the contingency factors associated with the adoption of MAP by SMEs
in a developing country; theoretically, by enriching the literature on MAPs and contingency factors. Our
results suggest clues for the development of public policies to support the small business environment and
the importance of Management Accounting education. For future research, this study can be extended,
namely to other developing countries.
Esta investigación busca identificar las Prácticas de Contabilidad Gerencial (PCG) utilizadas por las
Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES) y los factores que explican la adopción de esas prácticas. Este
estudio es relevante debido a la escasez de estudios en este contexto, especialmente, en los países en
desarrollo. Nuestro estudio muestra que las PYMES utilizan principalmente PCG tradicionales.
Aportamos evidencia de que las características del propietario/gerente, la edad y el sector de actividad de
la PYME influyen en la adopción de PCG. Este estudio contribuye: empíricamente, al proporcionar
evidencia estadística de los factores de contingencia asociados con la adopción de PCG por parte de las
PYME en un país en desarrollo; teóricamente, al enriquecer la literatura sobre PCG y factores de
contingencia. Nuestros resultados sugieren pistas para el desarrollo de políticas públicas de apoyo al
entorno de la PYME y la importancia de la educación en Contabilidad Gerencial. Para futuras
investigaciones, este estudio puede extenderse a otros países en desarrollo.
Given the vital role of Science and Technology (S&T) Parks in SME development, this article aims to study function, missions and roles of these parks in developing Iranian SMEs. For those ...entrepreneurs and SMEs focused on commercializing science, these parks provide essential information and advice, as well as proper equipment and services to set the ground for growth and development and an effective and independent presence in today’s competitive market. In the first phase, literature reviewed and the functions of S&T Parks in previous research extracted. Then, the extracted missions were distributed among the experts in the form of Delphi questionnaire. Finally, after three rounds of Delphi questionnaire, the missions were finalized and the functions of each mission were operationally described based on the opinions of experts.
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