In the fifty years since the publication of ‘The Limits to Growth’, an inconceivably endless pool of ideas on how to respond to our ecological crisis has emerged. This book provides guidance by ...offering a comprehensive and in-depth look at the landscape of ecologically motivated political ideas, focusing on the discourse in German-speaking countries. Major currents of green political thought are presented and linked to their thought leaders. The book discusses the crucial dividing lines between these competing positions and analyses their development over time. It thus provides a significant contribution to exploring the field of green political thought and thereby strengthens the theoretical foundation of today’s discourses on ecological transformation.
RESUMO Este artigo trata da individuação dos seres incorpóreos no Kalām fī maḥḍ al-ẖayr ou Liber de Causis (LdC). Tendo isso em vista, apresentarei a hierarquia dos seres, em especial, a distinção ...entre o intelecto e a alma. Após uma breve comparação entre os princípios no LdC (causa primeira, intelecto e alma) e nos Elementos de Teologia de Proclo (Uno, limite-ilimitado, henádes, intelecto e alma), discutirei a ausência das henádes divinas no LdC e as dificuldades encontradas pelo autor anônimo frente às mudanças realizadas na estrutura metafísica procliana. Riggs (2017) entende que o autor do LdC desenvolveu uma nova teoria para explicar a individuação, sem a mediação das henádes, baseada na distinção entre dois tipos de atividade: a criação realizada pela causa primeira e a doação de forma realizada pelo primeiro intelecto criado. Contudo, como discutirei, essas duas atividades não são capazes de justificar alguns aspectos do processo de individuação já que cada uma delas é um ato único realizado por um tipo de princípio externo, não por um princípio imanente ao próprio ser individuado. Uma interpretação alternativa para a teoria da individuação presente no LdC será proposta a partir de dois critérios: o princípio da semelhança (LdC X) e o princípio da proporcionalidade (LdC IX, XI).
What do philosophers believe? Bourget, David; Chalmers, David J.
Philosophical studies,
09/2014, Volume:
170, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
What are the philosophical views of contemporary professional philosophers? We surveyed many professional philosophers in order to help determine their views on 30 central philosophical issues. This ...article documents the results. It also reveals correlations among philosophical views and between these views and factors such as age, gender, and nationality. A factor analysis suggests that an individual's views on these issues factor into a few underlying components that predict much of the variation in those views. The results of a metasurvey also suggest that many of the results of the survey are surprising: philosophers as a whole have quite inaccurate beliefs about the distribution of philosophical views in the profession.
This article examines the various levels of certainty in the thought of Rabbi Hasdai Crescas, as expressed in his Sermon for Passover and his major philosophical work, Or Hashem. In the first part of ...the article, the main discussion of R. Crescas on this subject in his Sermon for Passover is analyzed. In the second part, the findings are compared to the opinion of R. Crescas in his major philosophical work. Additionally, the article seeks to explain why this topic is more developed in the sermon than in his major philosophical book. Ultimately, it concludes that R. Crescas identifies four distinct levels of certainty: (1) irrefutable proofs and experiencing prophecy; (2) reasonable logical proofs and witnessing miracles that have no earthly explanation; (3) less likely proofs and miracles of a dubious nature; and (4) accepting the plain meaning of the text of the Torah and tradition in general. It is likely that R. Crescas did not mention this subject in the Light of the Lord due to the low degree of certainty of tradition, which he chose to keep concealed.
The research is devoted to the morphology that V.N. Ilyin developed in the work Static and Dynamics of Pure Form and other archival texts. Morphology is central to the philosophy of V.N. Ilyin, but ...it remains an unexplored subject. The article’s author explores the morphology of the philosopher from a historical and philosophical point of view. In addition to apparent influences (G.W. Leibniz, E. Husserl, N. Lossky), the article’s author revealed the connection of V.N. Ilyin’s ideas with the history of Western European philosophy and his attitude to medieval thinkers. The author considered how V.N. Ilyin understood and assessed his modern philosophy and its results by the middle of the twentieth century. V.N. Ilyin especially paid attention to phenomenology and its connection with morphology, analyzing phenomenology's influence on existential philosophy. In addition to phenomenology, V.N. Ilyin highly appreciated the intuitism of H. Bergson and N. Lossky. The third main philosophical direction in the twentieth century for V.N. Ilyin was religious philosophy (Neo-Thomists and followers of H. Bergson), which aimed at creating axiology, a new system of values. V.N. Ilyin sought to combine various philosophical ideas in the project of morphology based on logic and scientific methodology. He stated the need to reform formal logic and create “metalogic” that would be more consistent with the philosophical tasks of the twentieth century. The morphology of V.N. Ilyin is based on the idea of synthesis and focuses on creating universal science. The comparison of various philosophical ideas of the twentieth century with morphology makes it possible to understand better his philosophical worldview, the course of his reflections, and the meaning of the morphological project.
Tematem artykułu jest Tomasza z Akwinu koncepcja radości, której źródłem jest cierpienie innych osób (Schadenfreude). Pierwsza część obejmuje opis starożytnych źródeł Schadenfreude, którymi ...inspirował się Akwinata. Druga część dotyczy koncepcji nienawiści, która stanowi podstawę dla Schadenfreude. W trzeciej zaś części jest przedstawiona Tomaszowa próba rozróżnienia rozmaitych przypadków występowania Schadenfreude oraz ich częściowego moralnego usprawiedliwienia.
The article presents Thomas Aquinas’ concept of pleasure in other’s misfortune (Schadenfreude), i.e. specific joy, the source of which is the suffering of other people. The first part describes the ancient Schadenfreude sources that inspired Aquinas. The second part deals with the concept of hatred that underlies the concept of Schadenfreude. In the third part, it is presented Aquinas’ attempt to distinguish between various cases of the occurrence of Schadenfreude and an attempt of their moral justification.
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