Letter to the Editor Hunter, Robert; Mandelbaum, Michael
Survival (London),
12/2019, Volume:
61, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Contrary to Michael Mandelbaum's claims, Russia tolerated Poland and the Czech Republic's NATO membership, and the Iran nuclear deal was a US strategic gain.
Why did Western European states agree to the enlargement of the EU and NATO? Frank Schimmelfennig analyzes the history of the enlargement process and develops a theoretical approach of 'rhetorical ...action' to explain why it occurred. While rationalist theory explains the willingness of East European states to join the NATO and EU, it does not explain why member states decided to admit them. Using original data, Schimmelfennig shows that expansion to the East can be understood in terms of liberal democratic community building. Drawing on the works of Jon Elster and Erving Goffman, he demonstrates that the decision to expand was the result of rhetorical action. Candidates and their supporters used arguments based on collective identity, norms and values of the Western community to shame opponents into acquiescing to enlargement. This landmark book makes an enormous contribution to theory in international relations and to the study of European politics.
A well-functioning democracy requires a degree of mutual respect and a willingness to talk across political divides. Yet numerous studies have shown that many electorates are polarized along partisan ...lines, with animosity towards the partisan out-group. This article further develops the idea of affective polarization, not by partisanship, but instead by identification with opinion-based groups. Examining social identities formed during Britain's 2016 referendum on European Union membership, the study uses surveys and experiments to measure the intensity of partisan and Brexit-related affective polarization. The results show that Brexit identities are prevalent, felt to be personally important and cut across traditional party lines. These identities generate affective polarization as intense as that of partisanship in terms of stereotyping, prejudice and various evaluative biases, convincingly demonstrating that affective polarization can emerge from identities beyond partisanship.
The Section on Surgery of the American Academy of Pediatrics celebrates its 75th anniversary in 2023. To continue the tradition begun 25 years ago with analyses of the first two 25 years timespans of ...the organization, this examination focuses on the most recent quarter century. To frame this review, we begin with the seminal beginnings with the work of the section's founder, Herbert E Coe and reflect upon the twenty charter members of the organization. Then we explore the important accomplishments and challenges of the organization to the current time. Finally, we conclude with a glimpse of what the future holds for the first home of pediatric surgeons.
Review.
V.
Two preeminent Norwegian scholars of politics and law offer a comprehensive first-hand account of Norway's relationship with the EU and how this affects the country's legal and political system, ...setting out what Britain can learn from Norway's experience and how transferable these lessons are.
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