Over the past decade, there has been a revival of social protest and labor union activity in Chile. In this article, we examine the effects of this phenomenon to analyze its influence on ...working-class identity. Using International Social Survey Programme surveys from 2009 and 2019, we investigate whether class location and union membership affect people’s subjective identification with the working class and how that effect may have changed over the decade. Our findings suggest that subjects who are situated in a ‘subordinated’ class position (unskilled workers or informal self-employed workers) are more likely to identify with the working class compared to subjects located in a privileged class position (employers, experts, or managers). However, surprisingly, our analysis does not indicate that working-class identity is reinforced by union membership. In addition, our results do not demonstrate that the effect of class or union membership has strengthened over the past decade. At the end of this article, we offer some possible explanations for these findings.
News framing can exert a strong influence on public opinion. Following a media content analysis, this article investigates the effects of news framing on support for membership of Turkey in the ...European Union. A first experimental study (n = 304) showed a significant difference in the level of support for Turkish membership between respondents who were exposed to a positively valenced news frame and respondents who had received a negative frame. The results of a second survey-embedded experimental study (n = 1,632) corroborated the first study, and tested the hypothesis that frames affect the importance of certain considerations and that the valence of the news frames also directly affects opinion. Negative news frames yielded stronger effects than positive news frames, and high political sophisticates were more affected by positive framing. The study demonstrates that (change in) public approval of Turkish EU membership is contingent on the elites’ and the media’s coverage of the issue in interaction with individual characteristics.
In this paper, after defining Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control expectations, with the aim of finding the optimum routine in fulfilling these expectations, a review over the available MPPT ...control methods is presented. Throughout the review, by comparing conventional MPPT routines in terms of accomplishing defined control objectives, the necessity of designing a new MPPT control scheme based on adaptive fuzzy logic is expressed. Based on the conducted review, a new routine to optimize the MPPT performance of a Photovoltaic (PV)-setup and to fulfill all the MPPT control requirements is proposed. The optimization is performed in tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV-module by a Boost-converter using an “antecedent-consequent adaptive” indirect fuzzy-based MPPT scheme. The fuzzy-based scheme is tuned online using a novel computationally light membership function tuning routine, where the antecedent and consequent membership functions are tuned synchronously. As a result, a fast, smooth and computationally light MPPT controller is proposed. In this regard, the presented MPPT scheme tuned using the proposed novel tuning routine is compared with conventional direct and indirect fuzzy-based MPPT schemes, showing superiority of the proposed MPPT routine over conventional schemes.
In most existing indoor localization techniques based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), the location accuracy and the impact of computational complexity on system performance are ...major concerns. To improve computational efficiency and reduce potential inaccuracies, the nonlinear dual set-membership filtering (NDSMF) is proposed. First, the critical parameters of transmit power and path loss exponent (PLE) are estimated by a multiobjective optimization algorithm in RSSI-based localization. Second, to avoid the errors and high computational complexity caused by the direct linearization of the nonlinear system and the multiple solutions of the semidefinite program (SDP) during the filtering iteration process, an NDSMF is designed based on the principles of strong duality and set theory to determine the ellipsoid set containing the optimal estimate of the target node. Then, based on the designed set-membership filter, a new ellipsoid-based fusion scheme is developed to prove that there exists a smaller and better-performing intersection ellipsoid set than all local ellipsoid sets. Finally, simulations and experiments are presented to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Under the same experimental scenario, the proposed algorithm achieves 47.6% and 58.9% improvement in localization accuracy compared with the currently mainstream nonlinear set-membership filtering (NSMF) and extended set-membership filtering (ESMF) algorithms, respectively.
We use data from a nationally representative survey to analyze anti-atheist sentiment in the United States in 2014, replicating analyses from a decade earlier and extending them to consider the ...factors that foster negative sentiment toward other non-religious persons. We find that anti-atheist sentiment is strong, persistent, and driven in part by moral concerns about atheists and in part by agreement with cultural values that affirm religiosity as a constitutive moral grounding of citizenship and national identity. Moral concerns about atheists also spill over to shape attitudes toward those who are spiritual but not religious (SBNRs) and influence evaluations of the recent decline in religious identification. Americans have more positive views of SBNRs than of atheists, but a plurality of Americans still negatively evaluate the increase in the percentage of Americans who claim no religious identification (nones). Our analyses show the continuing centrality of religiously rooted moral boundary-making in constituting cultural membership in the American context.
On June 23, 2016, the referendum in the UK resulted in a majority of 51.9 percent of votes cast being in favor of leaving the European Union. Today, almost three and half years later, Brexit is still ...very much unfinished business. Three "Brexit-days" have come and gone by now. This time too, the process has gone down to the wire. On Oct 17, 2019, barely two weeks before Oct 31 Brexit date agreed following the previous request for an extension, the text of a revised Withdrawal Agreement was agreed between the UK government and the EU-27.
The aim of this research was to answer the question whether moral identity affects the relationship between one's social identity and social comparison. Drawing from the concept of social identity ...theory, social cognitive theory and self‐consistency theory, it was theorized that moral identity may positively affect the relationship between social identity and social comparison through the importance of group membership for individuals. Two studies were conducted (N = 267, N = 307) for this purpose. The results of the studies lend support to the hypothesized framework, explaining the complex relationship of the moral identity with social identity, and how seeing oneself as moral can fuel social comparison. Thus, the results highlight the boundary condition under which social comparisons will be increased or decreased. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Despite the historic connection between labor and citizenship rights for Black people, the specific role of labor organizations in mobilizing Black workers remains understudied. This research ...examines the effect of union membership on Black political and civic engagement. Analyzing survey data from 1973 to 1994, results show Black union members were significantly more likely than Black nonunion workers to participate in a range of political activities, and to greater degrees, especially members with less education. Understanding unions as important sites of political activism for Black workers is critical for the growth and maintenance of both the labor movement and the Black freedom struggle.
This paper is concerned with the distributed set-membership estimation for a discrete-time linear time-varying system over a resource-constrained wireless sensor network under the influence of ...unknown-but-bounded (UBB) process and measurement noise. Sensors collaborate among themselves by exchanging local measurements with only neighboring sensors in their sensing ranges. First, a new dynamic event-triggered transmission scheme (ETS) is developed to schedule the transmission of each sensor's local measurement. In contrast with the majority of existing static ETSs, the newly proposed dynamic ETS can result in larger average interevent times and thus less totally released data packets. Second, a criterion for designing desired event-triggered set-membership estimators is derived such that the system's true state always resides in each sensor's bounding ellipsoidal estimation set regardless of the simultaneous presence of UBB process and measurement noise. Third, a recursive convex optimization algorithm is presented to determine optimal ellipsoids as well as the estimator gain parameters and the event triggering weighting matrix parameter. Furthermore, the proposed dynamic ETS is applied to address the distributed set-membership estimation problem for a discrete-time linear time-varying system with a nonlinearity satisfying a sector constraint. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness and advantage of the developed approach.
