Pandemonium van Middelaar, Luuk
2021, 2021-10-28
eBook
The last decade has seen the EU beset by crisis and Covid-19 has presented yet another threat to its existence. Luuk van Middelaar assesses the EU's response and how it has been shaped by it.
Why do essentialist beliefs promote prejudice? We proposed that essentialist beliefs increase prejudice toward Black people because they imply that existing social hierarchies reflect a naturally ...occurring structure. We tested this hypothesis in three studies (N = 621). Study 1 revealed that racial essentialism was associated with increased prejudice toward Blacks among both White and Black adult participants, suggesting that essentialism relates to prejudice according to social hierarchy rather than only to group membership. Studies 2 and 3 experimentally demonstrated that increasing essentialist beliefs induced stronger endorsement of social hierarchies in both Black and White participants, which in turn mediated the effect of essentialism on negative attitudes toward Black people. Together, these findings suggest that essentialism increases prejudice toward low-status groups by increasing endorsement of social hierarchies and existing inequality.
Georgian Azeri-Turks are a people in-between-in between the nation-building policies of the Georgian and Azerbaijani states, caught in the crosshairs of either state's official narratives concerning ...the historical boundaries of the 'homeland', and 'in-between' in a literal sense due to their concentration in the border region of Kvemo Kartli. This study examines the dynamics of identity formation among the Georgian Azeri-Turks of Kvemo Kartli and endeavours to answer the following question: Are individuals' responses pertaining to both inter- and intra-group membership indicative of a collective identity? While many participants in this study share markers of a so-called 'traditional' Azerbaijani identity, most of the same individuals associate their pasts, presents, and futures with the territorial state of Georgia-not with Azerbaijan. Attachment to Georgian territories is a powerful component of a collective identity among survey participants that differentiates this identity from that which is officially propagated in neighbouring Azerbaijan.
Two longitudinal studies considered the role of social identity factors in predicting well‐being after students' transition to university. The transition (assessed before starting university and ...after 2 months at university) had a detrimental effect on well‐being, but identification as a university student improved well‐being. Both studies showed that the social context in which the change occurred either facilitated or hindered university identification. Specifically, perceived compatibility between old and new identities and having multiple group memberships (which were each influenced by social class background, Study 2) both increased likelihood of identification with the new group. These predictive relationships remained statistically reliable when controlling for other factors relevant to the transition. The results suggest that life transitions are difficult partly because they entail changes in group membership. Both studies also demonstrate that identification with a new group can help buffer individuals from the negative well‐being consequences of change.
EU external democracy promotion has traditionally been based on 'linkage', i.e. bottom-up support for democratic forces in third countries, and 'leverage', i.e. the top-down inducement of political ...elites towards democratic reforms through political conditionality. The advent of the European Neighbourhood Policy and new forms of association have introduced a new, third model of democracy promotion which rests in functional cooperation between administrations. This article comparatively defines and explicates these three models of external democracy promotion. It argues that while 'linkage' has hitherto failed to produce tangible outcomes, and the success of 'leverage' has basically been tied to an EU membership perspective, the 'governance' model of democracy promotion bears greater potential beyond the circle of candidate countries. In contrast to the two traditional models, however, the governance approach does not tackle the core institutions of the political system as such, but promotes transparency, accountability, and participation at the level of state administration.
Despite consistent evidence that fraternity membership is associated with greater perpetration and acceptance of sexual violence, less is known about why this link occurs. In this study, we use ...Structural Equation Modeling to test whether endorsement of traditional masculinity explains why fraternity membership is associated with greater rape myth acceptance and more sexual deception behaviors in a sample of 365 undergraduate men. Our assessment of traditional masculinity included the following 3 components: conformity to masculine norms, pressure to uphold masculine norms, and acceptance of objectification of women. Results suggest that conformity to masculine norms, pressure to uphold masculine norms, and acceptance of objectification of women mediate the relation between fraternity membership and acceptance of sexual violence.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
In today's organizations, employees commonly work in more than one team at a time. As this practice of multiple team membership (MTM) has become a reality of daily work, researchers across ...disciplines have dedicated their efforts to study its influence on valued outcomes such as employee and team effectiveness. We review the MTM literature to provide an overview of the relationship between multiteaming and effectiveness and to discuss the underlying reasons that explain why this relationship is complex and findings remain inconsistent. Drawing from teams research, we particularly highlight three sources of variance in the effects of multiteaming that have not been discussed in an integrative manner: (a) what is being studied – the aspects and nature of multiteaming; (b) how multiteaming is thought to affect effectiveness – the processes through which multiteaming transforms into (in)effectiveness; and (c) who are the multiteamers – the characteristics of multiteamers. Our review thus offers a more fine‐grained theoretical understanding of multiteaming's influence on effectiveness and uncovers exciting future research directions.
Introduction to BJS special issue Dodd, Nigel; Lamont, Michèle; Savage, Mike
The British journal of sociology,
November 2017, 2017-11-00, 20171101, Volume:
68, Issue:
S1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The articles in this issue were all commissioned in the immediate aftermath of the UK’s Brexit referendum result in June 2016 and the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States in ...November 2016 to present a rapid sociological response to the challenges and questions posed by these tumultuous events. Ostensibly these are two very different kinds of political events. The Brexit referendum in the UK was an unprecedented popular vote on Britain’s membership of the European Union, whereas Trump was elected as a Republican candidate during the usual cycle of presidential elections. Notwithstanding the prominence of politicians such as Nigel Farage or Boris Johnson, Brexit was not focused around specific individual leaders, whereas the figure of Trump himself looms indelibly large in the American case. Brexit will be bound to have huge long-term constitutional implications for the UK, whereas Trump’s victory might have less fundamental consequences. And yet, there is also a clear sense of resonances between these two political events. Some of these resonances are superficial. Both were ‘radically unexpected’. The media, political institutions, and what might be termed ‘public opinion’ – at least of the liberal commentariat – was shocked by the unexpected results. They thus both speak to what might be termed the collapse of a certain kind of ‘liberal political rationality’, in which the political ‘rules of the game’ were well established and could lead to generally predictable outcomes within normally expected limits.
Over the past decade, there has been a revival of social protest and labor union activity in Chile. In this article, we examine the effects of this phenomenon to analyze its influence on ...working-class identity. Using International Social Survey Programme surveys from 2009 and 2019, we investigate whether class location and union membership affect people’s subjective identification with the working class and how that effect may have changed over the decade. Our findings suggest that subjects who are situated in a ‘subordinated’ class position (unskilled workers or informal self-employed workers) are more likely to identify with the working class compared to subjects located in a privileged class position (employers, experts, or managers). However, surprisingly, our analysis does not indicate that working-class identity is reinforced by union membership. In addition, our results do not demonstrate that the effect of class or union membership has strengthened over the past decade. At the end of this article, we offer some possible explanations for these findings.
PDF
