Genetic and environmental parameters for 38 983 test-day records of daily milk yield (DMY), fat (FC) and protein (PC) content, collected between 1994 and 2002, were estimated on 3,068 dairy ewes of ...the three Slovenian breeds. A multivariate restricted maximum likelihood method was used for estimation, where every test-day record was treated as a different trait. Fixed part of the multitrait animal model for DMY, FC, and PC included breed and lambing season as classes, while stage of lactation, parity, and litter size were covariates. Random part of the model contained additive genetic effect and the effects of flock test month and permanent environment over lactations. Heritability estimates for individual test-days were between 0.10 and 0.23 for DMY, 0.09 and 0.18 for FC, and 0.19 and 0.28 for PC. The flock test month effect explained most of the phenotypic variance: 0.18 to 0.41 for DMY, 0.26 to 0.45 for FC, and 0.24 to 0.44 for PC. A lower variance ratio was explained by the permanent environment effect over lactations: 0.09 to 0.15 for DMY, 0.02 to 0.11 for FC, and 0.02 to 0.09 for PC. Additive genetic correlations between individual test-days were high in all three milk traits for adjacent months of lactation. They decreased when the interval between months of lactation increased. The structure of additive genetic correlations showed that the observed milk traits in the different stages of lactation were genetically not the same trait, since the correlations between distant months of lactation were lower than one.
Ocenjevali smo genetske in okoljske parametre za 38 983 meritev na kontrolni dan za količino mleka (DKM) ter vsebnost maščobe (VM) in beljakovin (VB) v mleku pri 3068 mlečnih ovcah treh slovenskih pasem. Meritve so bile zbrane med leti 1994 in 2002. Za oceno parametrov smo uporabili večlastnostno metodo omejenega največjega verjetja, kjer je vsaka meritev na kontrolni dan obravnavana kot druga lastnost. Sistematski del večlastnostnega modela živali za DKM, VM in VB je vključeval pasmo in sezono jagnjitve kot razrede, stadij laktacije, zaporedna jagnjitev in velikost gnezda pa so bili vključeni kot kovariable. Naključni del modela je vseboval aditivni genetski vpliv živali, vpliv skupnega okolja v tropu in vpliv permanentnega okolja živali. Heritabilitete za posamezne mesece laktacije so bile med 0,10 in 0,23 za DKM, med 0,09 in 0,18 za VM in med 0,19 in 0,28 za VB. Skupno okolje v tropu je pojasnilo največji del fenotipske variance: 0,18 do 0,41 za DKM, 0,26 do 0,45 za VB in 0,24 do 0,44 za VB. Vpliv permanentnega okolja živali je pojasnil manjši delež variance: 0,09 do 0,15 za DKM, 0,02 do 0,11 za VM in 0,02 do 0,09 za VB. Aditivne genetske korelacije med posameznimi lastnostmi mlečnosti sosednjih mesecev laktacije so bile močne in so se z oddaljevanjem mesecev laktacije zmanjševale. Struktura aditivnih genetskih korelacij kaže, da lastnosti mlečnosti v različnih stadijih laktacije genetsko niso ista lastnost, saj so korelacije med oddaljenimi zapisi manjše od ena.
SI: V prispevku je predstavljen postopek izračuna vrednosti težnega pospeška na točkah nove osnovne gravimetrične mreže Slovenije. Gravimetrična opazovanja so bila opravljena leta 2006 z ...dvemarelativnima gravimetroma Scintrex CG-3M. Prikazani so postopki, ki so bili uporabljeni pri obdelavi merskih vrednosti. Sama izravnava opazovanj v gravimetrični mreži je bila izvedena v dveh fazah. V prvi fazi so opazovanja v mreži 0. reda izravnana po načelu prostemreže, v drugi fazi je bila opravljena klasična izravnava v mreži 1. reda. Podane so končne vrednosti težnih pospeškov na točkah gravimetrične mreže. Izvedena je tudi analiza rezultatov glede na stari potsdamski sistem, v katerem so bili opravljeni vsi predhodniizračuni gravimetričnih meritev v Sloveniji. Na podlagi teh analiz je določena enačba za transformacijo težnih pospeškov med potsdamskim sistemom in sistemom IGSN71(International Gravity Standardization Network 1971). Nova osnovna gravimetrična mrežaSlovenije je kakovostna podlaga za vse nadaljnje potrebe, ki so povezane s poznavanjem težnega pospeška na območju Slovenije.EN: The paper presents the determination of gravity values on stations of the new gravity network of Slovenia. The measurements were performed in autumn 2006. The procedures comprise the computation of reductions of gravity observations and several phases of adjustment. In the first step the zero order gravity network wasadjusted with subsequent adjustment of the complete gravity network, where absolute points were held as fixed points. The adjusted gravity values on some points were compared to gravity values referring to Potsdam Gravity System and transformation equationwas determined (Potsdam into IGSN71). It could be stated that the new Slovenian gravity network provides a solid basis for all further gravimetric surveys in Slovenia.
Statistics lectures have been a source of much bewilderment and frustration for generations of students. This book attempts to remedy the situation by expounding a logical and unified approach to the ...whole subject of data analysis. This text is intended as a tutorial guide for senior undergraduates and research students in science and engineering. After explaining the basic principles of Bayesian probability theory, their use is illustrated with a variety of examples ranging from elementary parameter estimation to image processing. Other topics covered include reliability analysis, multivariate optimization, least-squares and maximum likelihood, error-propagation, hypothesis testing, maximum entropy and experimental design. The Second Edition of this successful tutorial book contains a new chapter on extensions to the ubiquitous least-squares procedure, allowing for the straightforward handling of outliers and unknown correlated noise, and a cutting-edge contribution from John Skilling on a novel numerical technique for Bayesian computation called 'nested sampling'.
Geodezija kot stroka ima pomembno vlogo pri pripravi prostorskih podatkov, ki omogočajo trajnostno načrtovanje, ne le prostora na kopnem, temveč tudi na morju. Pri tem je treba izpostaviti vsaj tri ...bistvene naloge: izmero globin morskega dna, obdelavo »surovih« podatkov in organizacijo podatkovnih baz, na podlagi katerih bo lahko širši krog uporabnikov načrtoval trajnostno rabo morja. Danes so za učinkovito načrtovanje prostora uporabni tudi različni digitalni modeli reliefa. Digitalni batimetrični model je postal nepogrešljiv pripomoček pri vzdrževanju plovnih poti, pri odkrivanju in preučevanju podvodnih arheoloških ostankov ter pri geoloških in naravovarstvenih raziskavah. Da bi uporabniki laže prihajali do ustreznih podatkov, bi morali zasnovati celovit hidrološki geoinformacijski sistem, ki bi združil obstoječe podatke različnih oblik in vsebin ter se sproti dopolnjeval z rezultati novih meritev in raziskav. / Geodesy plays an important role in preparing spatial data for sustainable planning not only on land, but also at sea. In this regard, at least three basic tasks need to be emphasized: measuring seafloor depths, processing “raw” data, and setting up databases that a wide circle of users will be able to use as a basis for planning sustainable use of the sea. By all means, the useful tools today for effective spatial planning are also various digital terrain models. Digital bathymetric model should become an indispensible tool in measuring the depths of marines, harbors, and ship canals, in discovering and studying underwater archeological finds, and in geological and nature- conservation studies. If the users are to be able to access the relevant data more easily, a comprehensive hydrological information system should be designed; this system would bring together the existing data of various forms and contents and regularly update them with the findings of new measurements and studies.
The article describes the technical properties of contemporary tachymeters, with an emphasis on Leica Geosystems instruments. With growing capabilities of measurement sensors and software the use of ...terrestrial geodetic instrumentation has expanded to survey kinematical processes and carrying out of continuous measurements. Knowledge of capacity of instruments of geodetic equipment manufacturers can significantly contribute to performance quality of geodetic works.
This paper presents the results of the internet questionnaire performed among Slovenian geodetic enterprises. The main goal of the questionnaire was to get an overview of the technology used in the ...field by the Slovenian surveyors, their opinion regarding the new technologies and procedures used in cadastral and topographic measurements. Given is a definition of a field computer and a comparison between field computers and notebooks. In the end of this paper two solutions of integration of field computers in cadastral and topographic measurements are presented.
The objective of the article is to introduce the model of Kalman filter as an alternative method for estimation of kinematic geodetic measurements.On the basis of kinematic process simulation the ...model of linear Kalman filter is given. Kinematic observations are done with electronic tachymeter,which enables automatic tracking of reflector and measuring.In numerical example the importance of initial filter ’s parameters definition,with emphasis on defining the process noise, is given.
An optimal stabilisation of geodetic points is undeniably an important factor when determining displacements. According to the size of the anticipated displacements a proper stabilisation accuracy ...must be provided. Traditional ways of stabilisation are discussed as well as a new method for measuring tectonic movement is proposed. Accordingly, a quality analysis of the new stabilisation method used in the precision micro-network of the town of Libna in the vicinity of Krško is given.
This article describes the geodetic monitoring of the impact that the tunnel excavations have on the rock mass of the tunnel face in Šentvid tunnel. In the preliminary phase. an exploratory gallery ...was built almost along the main tunnel axis to collect geological, tectonic zone and other relevant data. The exploratory gallery is now being used for geodetic and other monitoring of the impact of tunnel excavations on the surrounding rock mass. Before the beginning, methods of point and station point stabilization, and a measurement method was chosen. Thus, the chosen method of 3D inner intersection with adjustment of redundant observation for station point determination, and the polar method for calculating 3D coordinates of detail points. The method of determination of station point was chosen because of far reaching influence that the tunnel excavations have on rock mass behaviour at the tunnel face.
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