sexism among american adults edwards, margaret; schaffner, brian
Contexts (Berkeley, Calif.),
11/2020, Volume:
19, Issue:
4
Journal Article
While there is a scholarly consensus on sexism's critical role in contemporary society, we know little about the basic facts regarding sexist attitudes. How widespread is sexism in America? Which ...Americans are most sexist? Is sexism limited to men, or do many women also express sexist attitudes? Here, the authors answer these questions and more.
Выступая с конструктивной критикой ряда положений, выдвинутых Д. А. Давыдовым о формировании посткапиталистических отношений, авторы подчеркивают, что исследование таких отношений будет неполным, ...если оно не включает анализ процессов, происходящих в странах, идущих по иному пути, нежели ведущие страны с капиталистической экономикой. Апеллируя к практикам КНР и ряда других стран, авторы обращают внимание на развитие отношений, которые формируют ценности и мотивы коллективной, солидарной деятельности на пользу общества и могут быть квалифицированы как реальные ростки социализма. Это характерно не только для Китая, строящего социализм с китайской спецификой, но и для стран, сохраняющих капиталистическую систему, однако вынужденных обращаться к социалистическим по своему содержанию отношениям для укрепления экономики и снижения социальных противоречий.
Big Data has significant impact in developing functional smart cities and supporting modern societies. In this paper, we investigate the importance of Big Data in modern life and economy, and discuss ...challenges arising from Big Data utilization. Different computational intelligence techniques have been considered as tools for Big Data analytics. We also explore the powerful combination of Big Data and Computational Intelligence (CI) and identify a number of areas, where novel applications in real world smart city problems can be developed by utilizing these powerful tools and techniques. We present a case study for intelligent transportation in the context of a smart city, and a novel data modelling methodology based on a biologically inspired universal generative modelling approach called Hierarchical Spatial-Temporal State Machine (HSTSM). We further discuss various implications of policy, protection, valuation and commercialization related to Big Data, its applications and deployment.
•We highlight the importance of Big Data in modern life and economy.•We investigate the benefits of computational intelligence techniques in big data analytics.•We present a data modelling methodology called Hierarchical Spatial-Temporal State Machine•We explore the potential of the powerful combination of Big Data and Computational intelligence•We identify a number of areas where novel applications in real world problems can be developed.
Because of the growing amount of information on the internet and people’s increasing dependence on information, internet skills should be considered as a vital resource in contemporary society. This ...article focuses on the differential possession of internet skills among the Dutch population. In two studies, an in-depth range of internet skills are measured by charging subjects assignments to be accomplished on the internet. Subjects were recruited by applying a random stratified sampling method over gender, age, and education. While the level of operational and formal internet skills appeared quite high, the level of information and strategic internet skills is questionable. Whereas education appeared an important contributor to all skill levels, age only appeared a significant contributor to operational and formal skills. The results strengthen the findings that the original digital divide of physical internet access has evolved into a divide that includes differences in skills to use the internet.
Cryopreservation practices have become increasingly important within contemporary life sciences in recent decades, opening up the perspective of modifying and modulating temporal pathways and ...developmental cycles. Exploring the concept of “suspended life,” this article first focuses on temporal liminality as cryopreservation practices operate by extending the present. I rely on Niklas Luhmann’s account of time, which advances the idea of an enduring present bound to the principle of reversibility. The second part of this article engages with the emergence of cryobanks. Drawing on Martin Heidegger’s concept of the “standing-reserve” (Bestand), I conceive of cryobanks as storing facilities that ensure the disposition of organic material. The third section discusses the advent of a “politics of suspension” based on the proliferation of cryogenic life in contemporary societies, which is defined by reversibility and disposition. The conclusion sums up the main argument and briefly points to the social and political repercussions of this mode of governing the future by prolonging the present.
This study examined how postwar ikebana, which is almost solely practiced by women, has been represented and inherited in modern society through an analysis of the discourses of the iemotos from a ...gender perspective. Clarifying the gender order in the world of ikebana will help to understand how gender is positioned and expressed in-the gendered hobby area in modern society. Therefore, in this study, I analyzed the discourses of the chairmen that appeared in the membership magazine called "Ikebana Hyogo" published by the Hyogo Prefecture Ikebana Association. To examine the direction in which they tried to lead ikebana rather than the direction of their own school, I focused on statements from the chairmen of the association, a dominant position in a field strongly connected with women. I considered how the chairmen talked about the value of ikebana and how they reflected the gendered reality in their own words. The gender order of postwar ikebana that can be seen in the chairmen's discourses means that even though it is mostly women who enjoy ikebana as a hobby, the chairmen, who are in a leading position, consistently show that ikebana is not gendered. The chairmen emphasize the universal significance of ikebana in terms of art and traditional culture. On the other hand, when they talk about ikebana, they make almost no mention of women's practices. However, the attitude of the chairmen in talking about ikebana as art and traditional culture can be seen as giving legitimacy to the ikebana as practiced by women, often subordinated in a gender order.
John Dewey was the pioneer of the American progressive education movement， and his educational ideas shaped the direction and course of education in the United States in the twentieth century. His ...vigorous educational experiments at the University of Chicago coincided with Max Weber's famous American trip in 1904. This paper aims to explain the core of Dewey's educational theory-the concept of interest. Dewey's view of interest took shape at the beginning of the prestigious Laboratory School he founded and it became a repeatedly visited major theme in his later years. The concept is the key to understand Dewey's thought about the relationship between the individual， society, culture and civilization. Dewey's view of interest includes three levels: the distinction between interest and pleasure， the relationship between interest and will in individual actions， and how interest unfolds in children's daily tasks. Articulating these aspects helps us understand Dewey's centrality to the progressive movement and pra
Nós, do mundo moderno, contamos histórias sobre ser moderno, tornar-se moderno. Perguntamos para onde a modernidade está indo. Dois complexos metafóricos dominam essas histórias: Preferimos metáforas ...de vida e crescimento; a modernidade tem vida própria. Ou preferimos metáforas de movimento e direção; a modernidade é uma jornada que toma muitos caminhos. Os dois complexos coexistem desconfortavelmente, mesmo quando se alimentam um do outro; juntos, eles marcam o conceito moderno de que a modernidade deixou a tradição para trás. Aqueles que a sociedade moderna vitimou, desenraizou ou abandonou podem resistir a ambos os complexos, muitas vezes buscando recuperar as metáforas de um passado perdido, quebrado, mal lembrado ou inventado. A maioria dos beneficiários da modernidade favorece o complexo metafórico da vida e do crescimento - ou simplesmente o toma como garantido. Os acadêmicos com uma atitude crítica em relação à modernidade geralmente favorecem muitos caminhos e, portanto, o complexo metafórico de movimento e direção - sem perceber. Sete metáforas revelam essas tendências: fronteira, quebra, junção, limite, ruptura, estágio, transição. Elas também sugerem um terceiro complexo metafórico distintamente moderno. Em nossas histórias sobre a modernidade, empregamos versões plurais de metáforas espaciais sequenciadas no tempo: molduras, caixas, compartimentos ou contêineres, e marcamos a sequência com sinais metafóricos: idade, estágio, onda ou período.
Ausgehend von der Theorie operational geschlossener Systeme und dem damit zusammenhängenden Informationsbegriff kann das Verhältnis solcher Systeme zu ihrer Umwelt über den Begriff der strukturellen ...Kopplung erläutert werden. Wenn man diese Konzepte auf das Verhältnis von Wirtschaft und Recht anwendet, können klassische Fragestellungen neu analysiert werden: So können Eigentum und Vertrag als evolutionär entstandene gesellschaftliche Einrichtungen der Kopplung beider Systeme verstanden werden, die einerseits Systemzustände und andererseits Systemereignisse koordinieren - und dies mit ganz unterschiedlichen Folgen für beide Systeme. Entsprechend gestaltet sich auch die Entwicklungsgeschichte der entsprechenden Semantiken im Zuge der funktionalen Ausdifferenzierung der Gesellschaft. Die gesellschaftsevolutionär erfolgreiche Etablierung der Kopplungsformen bedeutet aber noch keine Zukunftsgarantie. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der sich ändernden Temporalstrukturen der modernen Gesellschaft in der Form von Technikfolgen, der Ökologiefrage und der Sensibilisierung für Risiken wird vielmehr das geräuschlose Funktionieren der strukturellen Kopplungen, wie es z. B. die liberale Theorie von Eigentum und Vertragsfreiheit postulieren, zunehmend in Frage gestellt.
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