No study thus far has investigated music engagement in the home among sectors of society, that because of cultural and/or ethno-religious characteristics, have a drastically different lifestyle and ...home environment than typically ordinary conventional local residents, who represent the more hegemonic popular Western liberal-minded secular culture. The current study recruited 96 families belonging to one of two subgroups: Modern-Orthodox (n = 49) or Ultra-Orthodox (n = 47) Jews in Israel. They completed the Children's Music Behavior Inventory (CMBI). The findings show no differences between the overall Orthodox sample to a matched sample of the general population. However, when comparing between the two subgroups significant differences surfaced concerning parent-initiated music activities in the home environment. The study demonstrates that even among families who do not fit into the mainstream of society, music is a crucial part of family life embedded in the home, and that music engagement is an essential component within parent-child relationships.
Music and its influence on personality was for a long time under research and still iscontextualized. The task of this work was to disclose possibilities of various music activities andto find out ...their positive influence for young autistic adolescents’ communication and interactionactivities. It was also very important to find the answer to the question, if music interaction ispossible for autistics as this disorder prevent ability to communicate and to get into contactwith other people. Theoretical part of this piecework deals with the reasons for autistic disorder,manifestations of autism and specifics of communication. Also, here are presented approachesof view of different authors what concerns the music and various music activities in the contextof musical methods. On the basis of this theoretical context was executed empirical researchwith autistic people where, according to the chosen music and usage of it’s methodology, wasformulated task to try to reach (cultivate) social communication and socialization capabilities.Empirical research revealed that for young autistic adolescents the most stimulating musicactivities are music activities: improvisation, singing, also listening to music and movement.Music activities revealed interpersonal relation between young autistic adolescent and pedagoguethrough more active eye contact; young autistic adolescents started more actively communicatewith gestures and body language. Empirical research also displayed that the right choice of themusical method is directly related with the process of education and ensure its success. Also, itwas proved that the success of the development of disabled people with communication disordersgreatly depends on teamwork, – cooperation among young autistic adolescents, their parents,special educators and social workers. This teamwork cooperation helps to develop communicationand cooperation abilities. Research results show that music activities could be (can be) naturalprocess of communication and affiliation for young autistic adolescents.
Audio signals represent a wide diversity of acoustic events, from background environmental noise to spoken communication. Machine learning models such as neural networks have already been proposed ...for audio signal modeling, where recurrent structures can take advantage of temporal dependencies. This work aims to study the implementation of several neural network-based systems for speech and music event detection over a collection of 77,937 10-second audio segments (216 h), selected from the Google AudioSet dataset. These segments belong to YouTube videos and have been represented as mel-spectrograms. We propose and compare two approaches. The first one is the training of two different neural networks, one for speech detection and another for music detection. The second approach consists on training a single neural network to tackle both tasks at the same time. The studied architectures include fully connected, convolutional and LSTM (long short-term memory) recurrent networks. Comparative results are provided in terms of classification performance and model complexity. We would like to highlight the performance of convolutional architectures, specially in combination with an LSTM stage. The hybrid convolutional-LSTM models achieve the best overall results (85% accuracy) in the three proposed tasks. Furthermore, a distractor analysis of the results has been carried out in order to identify which events in the ontology are the most harmful for the performance of the models, showing some difficult scenarios for the detection of music and speech.
Traditionally, pedagogical research has been child centered, where materialities often have been considered as objects and tools. However, in recent posthuman research, attempts have been made to ...consider human materiality combinations to have impact on pedagogical activities in preschool, but to a large extent music as an issue has been neglected. Therefore, the aim of this research study is to discuss pedagogical quality and knowledge content in music activities in preschool by focusing on combinations of human and materiality subjects as "cyborgs." Particularly, this is essential for preschool, teacher education, and research, contributing alternative understandings of learning settings. A theoretical framework emanates from posthumanist theories, where the authors apply methodological concepts used in their earlier work to study music activities. The empirical material was produced in Spring 2013. The analysis of video observations identifies two different characters of a cyborg, the guitar-human, and the CD human having quite different impacts on the music activities. Nevertheless, they have in common that they create intensities with the children, where entanglements between human and materiality become the activity. Finally, the cyborgs are discussed, where issues and dilemmas related to pedagogical quality, knowledge content, agency, and competence are addressed.
Leadership in the system of education and in teacher training, in particular, is of utmost importance. According to the Lithuanian and foreign experience of educationalists, the present article ...discusses possibilities of developing the expression of leadership of pre-service teachers of music by applying the project method. The most important strategies connected with future music teacher leadership by means of musical activity were verified by an educational project.
The present study evaluates effects of teachers' physical position on pupils' participation in music activities, and also on the children's remaining in their seats during class. Participants in the ...study were 5 children (ages 6 years 4 months to 7 years 3 months) with pervasive developmental disorders. The music activity was playing a percussion instrument with the hands and fingers. In Phase 1, the assistant teacher provided individual support to all of the children while standing behind them. In Phase 2, the assistant teacher provided individual support to a pupil who was having special difficulty, while standing behind the child. In Phase 3, the assistant teacher provided individual support to that child while standing in front of the child. In Phase 4, both the assistant teacher and the main teacher provided support to all the children, while standing in front of them. For 2 of the 5 participants, the percentage of correct responses on the percussion instrument was higher in Phase 3. The child who had special difficulty in participating had a low rate of being out of seat when the assistant teacher provided individual support to that child. On the other hand, 2 of the other participants had a high rate of leaving their seats when the assistant teacher was giving individual support to the child who was having special difficulty. These results suggest that the children's music activity was influenced by the location of the person teaching them, with the best results when the teacher was in front of the students and they could watch the teacher's model. Also, when the teacher was occupied with giving support to one child, the other children were more likely to leave their seats.
This is a study of selected aspects of the music culture of Polish adolescents who
learn music at high school. It was assumed that the following factors form the
foundation of music culture: positive ...motivation, interest, the understanding of
music, and the experience of values relating to music. Music culture also requires
some level of music information to facilitate the development of the capacity to
experience music, and some level of activity in which musical interests are
actualized. Three problems were studied: the sources of adolescents’ music
culture, the functions of music in their lives, and their education. Two aspects of
education were the focus of attention: conditions and achievements. It was assumed
that music culture is an important goal of aesthetic education in adolescence.
PDF
