•AO/NO reduced the viscosity of CRMA.•The pre-swelling process had great influence on the properties of CRMA-AO/NO.•The influence of pre-swelling process on CRMA was related to oil content.•The ...temperature variation during the preparation of CRMA was simulated by MD simulation.•The macro properties and MD simulation were used to reveal the viscosity reduction mechanism of CRMA-AO/NO.
Using light oil to pretreat the crumb rubber (CR) could reduce the viscosity of the modified asphalt, thereby enhancing its compatibility with asphalt binder and improving the workability of CR modified asphalt (CRMA). However, the effects of CR pre-swelling on rheological properties of CRMA and the viscosity reduction mechanism are not well understood, especially for commonly used aromatic and naphthenic oils. In this study, the comparative investigations on rheological properties of CRMA before and after pre-swelling process were performed by frequency sweep, temperature sweep, multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) and storage stability tests. Meanwhile, the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation method was applied to simulate the distribution, migration, and aggregation characteristics of aromatic oil, naphthenic oil, and asphalt components in CRMA from natural aggregation state to heating mixing and finally cooling, aiming to reveal the viscosity reduction mechanism. The results showed that aromatic and naphthenic oils can significantly reduce the viscosity of CRMA. In addition, the low-temperature crack resistance and storage stability of CRMA can be improved through pretreatment with aromatic and naphthenic oils, which is correlated with the oil content. However, the effects of aromatic and naphthenic oils pre-swelling processes on the high temperature properties of CRMA are different. The MD simulation results showed that the binding energy between asphalt molecules reduced after mixing with aromatic and naphthenic oils, which is which is the primary reason for the viscosity reduction of CRMA. However, there are differences regarding the distribution characteristics of these two oils within asphalt binder. The CR, aromatics, aromatic oil and resins were uniformly dispersed in CRMA system by aromatic oil, whereas the naphthenic oil was adsorbed onto the surface of CR and asphaltenes.
In this study, the compatibility of phase change material(PCM) in asphalt was investigated using several methods. Initially, solubility parameters, radial distribution functions, and relative ...concentrations of PCM modified asphalt were examined through molecular simulations to explore its compatibility. Subsequently, the phase structures of different PCM modified asphalt were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy experiments on both upper and lower samples. Finally, the compatibility differences among PCM modified asphalt samples with varying naphthenic oil contents were evaluated through softening point and Brookfield viscosity tests. The results indicate that higher naphthenic oil content in encapsulated PCM leads to closer solubility parameter alignment with the base asphalt. At a naphthenic oil content of 50% in encapsulated PCM, significant interactions occur between PCM and asphalt components. The concentration distribution curve of PCM molecules in the asphalt approaches 1.0, indicating excellent compatibility between encapsulated PCM and asphalt. Overall, the results from fluorescence microscopy and conventional tests are consistent with simulation outcomes. The only discrepancy observed is that conventional experimental results for the PCM-60% sample slightly outperform those for the PCM-50% sample.
•A means of enhancing the compatibility of encapsulated PCM with asphalt was proposed.•Novel molecular structure of oil-containing phase change material was established.•A multi-scale study on the compatibility of PCM modified asphalt was conducted.•The optimal content of naphthenic oil in encapsulated EG/PEG was confirmed.
•Two additives-naphthenic oil and NMT were used in SBS modified asphalt binders.•Properties of binders under various dosage combinations were tested.•Optimum dosages of the additives were worked out ...by weighting method.•Quantitative analysis was carried out on AFM image to explain the modification mechanism.
Though Nano-Montmorillonite/SBS modified asphalt binder has excellent high temperature property and storage stability, the weak low temperature property restricts its application. This problem may be tackled by naphthenic oil. In this paper, the SBS modified asphalt binder with two additives-naphthenic oil and NMT was prepared. A serial of experiments was designed based on the DSR. The results of DSR tests show high/low temperature property, aging property, and stability of the binder with the two additives added at 25 combinations. It was found that the two additives counterbalance the effect of each other in high/low temperature properties. Furthermore, a weighting method was employed to determine the optimum dosage of the additives that ensures balanced good properties of binder. Finally, the phase structure analysis and quantitative analysis were carried out on AFM image to explain the mechanism of the modification. It was proved that both additives play their own advantages at the optimum dosage.
•The effect of adding Naphthenic oil into SBS modified asphalt was compared with adding Nano-MMT.•An ‘ingredients microstructure’ model was proposed for SBS modified asphalt.•The influence of ...naphthenic on SBS modified asphalt was divided into three stages while only one for Nano-MMT.•Naphthenic oil takes effect as a supplement for maltene.
Naphthenic oil is an organic solvent whose effect as an additive to SBS modified asphalt is rarely studied. The influence of naphthenic oil on SBS modified asphalt was investigated in the paper. The influence of a well-known inorganic solid additive, Nano-MMT, was also studied to make a comparison. Storage stability, low/high temperature properties, and rheology were tested with different additive dosages. It is found that the storage stability of SBS modified asphalt can be improved by both Nano-MMT and naphthenic oil. Low temperature property is improved by naphthenic oil but worsened by Nano-MMT. High temperature viscosity is enhanced by naphthenic oil and decreased by Nano-MMT. High temperature sensitivity reflected by softening point and rutting factor increases with Nano-MMT, while it rises first then falls with naphthenic oil. An ‘ingredients microstructure’ model was proposed to describe the microstructure of ingredients of SBS modified asphalt. The model considers SBS modified asphalt to consist of two domains; one is the bee structures domain which contains maltenes inside, the other one is maltene domain which also contains asphaltenes. SBS which is smaller than the bee-like structure is randomly distributed in the maltene. Under the proposed model, the mechanism of naphthenic oil is divided into three stages considering the variation of dosage of naphthenic oil, while the effect of Nano-MMT has only one stage. It was found that the model proposed can explain the changes in storage stability and properties of SBS modified asphalt. It is proved practical to consider naphthenic oil as a supplement for maltene, taking effect in the mixture as saturates and aromatics.
In this paper, various nonionic surfactants (NS) with different ethylene oxide (EO) numbers and tail lengths and its binary blends with anionic surfactants (AS) were used as emulsifiers in naphthenic ...oil to form the microemulsion metalworking fluids (MWFs) by formulation triangle method. The effects of the chemical structure of surfactants on the stability of naphthenic oil-based MWFs were investigated.
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In this study, various nonionic surfactants (NS) with different ethylene oxide (EO) numbers and tail lengths and its binary blends with anionic surfactants (AS) were used as emulsifiers for naphthenic oil to form the microemulsion metalworking fluids (MWFs), and the effects of them on the stability of the emulsion system were investigated by formulation triangle method. The results indicated that binary complex surfactants of NS and AS as emulsifiers exhibited better emulsifying effect than that of single NS. NS with different EO numbers and tail lengths presented various emulsifying effects. NS (EO = 10) exhibited the greatest number of stable formulations, especially the TX-10, but no linear relationship existed between the number of stable formulations and the tail length of NS. In addition, aromatic primary alcohol ethoxylate (APAE) series surfactants containing benzene groups similar to the cycloalkanes in the naphthenic oil so that presented the best emulsifying affect and the greatest number of stable formulations. The co-surfactant of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) binary blends with NS exerted the best synergistic effect, and the stable formulations numbers were ranged from 5 to 7, next sodium stearate (SS) comes last followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-1) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS-2).
The preferred emulsifier was used to emulsify the plasticizer naphthenic oil (NAP), and uniform and stable NAP emulsion was prepared. The NAP-plasticized natural rubber (NR)/silica (SiO2) ...(NAP/NR/SiO2) composite was prepared using the resulting NAP emulsion, NR latex and SiO2 slurry by wet mixing process, and the effects of NAP addition amount on Mooney viscosity, physical and mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, dispersion of SiO2, thermal air aging resistance and flexural cracking property of NAP/NR/SiO2 composites were studied. The results showed that Mooney viscosity of NAP/NR/SiO2 composite was significantly lower than that of NR/SiO2 composite, Payne effect was significantly weakened, and dynamic mechanical properties and proces-sability improved significantly. When NAP addition amount was 10 phr (mass), NAP/NR/SiO2 composite had the best comprehensive performance, and tensile strength of NAP/NR/SiO2 composite decreased slightly, whereas elongation at break increased to varying degrees
Five types of material, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS), ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA), naphthenic oil, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA-
-MAH) and butylated ...hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used as the raw ingredients for manufacturing direct-to-plant SBS in this paper. Thirteen kinds of direct-to-plant SBS with different EVA/SBS and naphthenic oil/SBS were prepared as well as the processes diagrammatic sketch of dispersion and swelling of direct-to-plant SBS modifier in bitumen were discussed. Microscopic images of direct-to-plant SBS modified bitumen with different components were obtained using fluorescence microscopy. The micro-images were analysed and quantified with MATLAB software. The influence of key components on the micro-morphology of direct-to-plant SBS-modified bitumen is discussed, followed with the tests on melting points and the melting indexes of direct-to-plant SBS with different EVA/SBS and naphthenic oil/SBS. The performances test of bitumen and bituminous mixture modified by these direct-to-plant SBS were also conducted. Results show that, with the ratio improvement of EVA/SBS or naphthenic oil/SBS, the number of the pixel dot number of area (SBS) in microscopic images increased. Enlargement of the pixel dot number of centre line elongate and the structure fineness was observed, indicating that the dispersion and swelling effect of the SBS modifier in bitumen had been improved. Meanwhile, the macro index, such as the melting point and melting index of direct-to-plant SBS, was also improved corresponding to the increase of EVA/SBS ratio or naphthenic oil/SBS ratio. With the addition of EVA or naphthene oil content, penetration and ductility of direct-to-plant SBS modified bitumen received gradual enhancement, but the softening point and viscosity were found out to be decreased. The high-temperature and low-temperature performances of direct-to-plant SBS modified bituminous mixture can be effectively improved by adding EVA or naphthenic oil. By meeting the required performances of direct-to-plant SBS, modified bitumen and bituminous mixture, the component of direct-to-plant SBS is recommended as, SBS:EVA:naphthenic oil:EVA-
-MAH:BHT is 1:0.1⁻0.5:0.05⁻0.2:0.03:0.05. For the compatibleness of SBS with different bitumen are different, necessary tests verification is recommended to be carried out prior to usage.
Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) belongs to the specialty polymer grade because of its unique properties. Among other applications, it is used for battery separator membranes ...elaboration for automotive applications. These PE separators are porous membranes composed of a blend of UHMW-PE, naphthenic oil and precipitated silica. With the aim of understanding the membrane structuring mechanisms, we studied the influence of silica and oil concentrations on the UHMW-PE crystallization during the elaboration process. Results have shown that the high initial thickness of the UHMW-PE crystals is reduced after the process. Moreover, χc (crystallinity) and Tc (crystallization temperature) are both controlled by the volume fraction of oil. The initial high crystallinity of UHMW-PE (χc ≈ 65%) can be increased in the membrane with a high Oil/PE ratio. Furthermore, silica indirectly contributes to enhance the UHMW-PE crystallinity by acting as a reservoir, hence increasing the possible oil content in the blend.
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•Crystallinity of UHMWPE in different blends with Oil and Silica is analyzed.•Melting behavior is successfully analyzed with the Flory-Huggins theory.•Crystallinity of nascent UHMWPE powder is recovered in the presence of oil.•Silica acts as an oil reservoir thus enhancing the UHMW-PE crystallinity.
AbstractAs an organic solvent, naphthenic oil is used widely in the polymer industry, so it has the potential to be used with polymer to improve the performance of asphalt binder in pavement ...engineering. The effects of naphthenic oil as an additive for styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)–modified asphalt were investigated in this paper. Penetration, softening point, ductility, rheology property before and after aging, morphology observation, and storage stability were tested on naphthenic oil/SBS-modified asphalt. The following findings were achieved: Naphthenic oil increases the consistency and temperature sensitivity of SBS-modified asphalt. It is remarkably beneficial to the low-temperature property of SBS-modified asphalt. It is not advantageous to the resistance to deformation. Naphthenic oil is beneficial to the antiaging property of SBS-modified asphalt and helps the polymer to get swollen, proving that naphthenic oil has some properties of aromatics. Another discovery is that naphthenic oil makes the SBS distribute more evenly, which is consistent with the discovery in the rubber industry. Future investigation of its use with other additives and the anti-ultraviolet light (UV) aging properties are suggested.
Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) base on reactive blending, has an excellent processing performance and characteristics and a ...wide range of applications. In this paper, EPDM, PP and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) were selected as raw materials, wood flour (WF) of poplar tree was used as filler, naphthenic oil was used as plasticizer, DCP vulcanization system with dynamic vulcanization was carried, to make a new kind of composite material. This research studied the influences of wood flour and naphthenic oil content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and rheological properties of the composite material. The result showed: the content of wood flour and naphthenic oil has big impact on composite material. With the increase of the wood flour content, the mechanical properties are increased firstly and then decreased. The viscosity and modulus of the composite is improved with the increase of wood flour. With of the increase of the amount of naphthenic oil, the mechanical properties, viscosity and modulus of the composites decreased. When the content of wood flour is between 30–60 parts and the content of naphthenic oil is less than 20, the EPDM/PP/AL composite is suitable for using as the core layer elastic material of composite floor.
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