•Under full irrigation SWE had no effects on leaf growth, physiology and nutrition.•Under drought stress SWE improved leaf growth by improving leaf water relations.•Under drought stress SWE had no ...effects on nutrition except for reduced FICA.
Seaweed extracts (SWE) are biodegradable and non-polluting to the environment, and have become popular as biostimulants. Their effects on spinach growth, physiology and nutrition value under drought stress were evaluated in a growth chamber study. Differential irrigations (100 and 50% evapotranspiration for full irrigation and drought stress, respectively) and Ascophyllum nodosum SWE application methods (water foliar, SWE foliar, SWE drench, SWE foliar and drench) were applied every 4d. After 35d, leaf growth, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, gas exchange, and nutrition value were analyzed. Under drought stress, leaf area, fresh and dry weight (FW and DW) were only 42, 42 and 60% of these under full irrigation, respectively. Drought stress also decreased leaf relative water content (RWC) and specific leaf area (SLA) from 89 to 76% and 179 to 139cm2mg−1, respectively. Gas exchange was reduced by drought stress although chlorophyll content and fluorescence were not altered. Drought stress had no direct effects on the leaf nutrition quality except for reduced ferrous ion chelating ability (FICA). Under full irrigation SWE had no effects on leaf growth, physiology and nutrition value but under drought stress SWE improved plant growth. Under drought stress A. nodosum SWE application increased leaf RWC from 76 to approximately 82% and leaf area by 16, 21 and 38% with SWE foliar spray, drench or both, respectively. Also, SWE increased leaf FW, DW and SLA by 20 to 32%, 11 to 22%, and 5 to 19%, respectively. The inhibition of gas exchange and increases of stomatal limitation induced by drought stress were reduced by SWE, irrespective of application methods. SWE application had no effects on phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, and antioxidant capacity, but reduced FICA. These results indicated that under mild drought stress A. nodosum SWE enhanced spinach growth by improving leaf water relations, maintaining cell turgor pressure and reducing stomatal limitation, which in turn led to large leaf area and high photosynthetic rate. A. nodosum SWE application negatively impacted nutritional quality by reduced FICA under drought stress.
Abstract Flour is one of the most widely used products typically derived from wheat, corn, and rye and is classified based on its nutrition content. The present study aimed to identify and classify ...the different types of flour (wheat, rye, maize) commercially available in Romania. The market research covered eight types of flour available on the Romanian market: 1. Wheat Flour 000 (N-19), 2. Wheat Flour 550 (N-11), 3. Wheat Flour 650 (N-13), 4. Whole-Wheat Flour (N-15), 5. Durum Wheat Flour (N-8), 6. Spelt Wheat Flour (N-8), 7. Rye Flour (N-15), and 8. Maize Flour (N-23). The classification was carried out by analysing the most important parameters: energy, protein, fat, saturated fatty acid, carbohydrate, sugar, and dietary fibre content, using different statistical methods: descriptive statistics, box plot, hierarchical cluster, and surface radar analysis. The results revealed that white wheat flour represented more than 50% of the analysed samples, and significant differences were found between the tested types of flour. In addition, white wheat flour is characterized with lower dietary fibre, fat and protein content, but it has higher energy content and carbohydrate content. In contrast, whole meal, durum, spelt, and rye flours are characterized by lower carbohydrate and higher fibre and fat content. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed that, on the basis of nutritional similarities and differences, the flours studied in Romania can be grouped into three distinct clusters.
The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus approach should be promoted as a tool for sustainable management of resources through the interconnection of these three fundamental pillars. Particularly, food ...security must ensure healthy and balanced diets for everyone, but selecting individual indicators to assess all slants covered by this element is not an easy task. Hence, the objective of this paper is two-fold, to review nutrient profiling (NP) models that allow to categorize foods and evaluate diets based on their nutritional quality, and to choose the most appropriate model to be used within a WEF nexus index. To address this issue, a total of 159 documents were assessed, appraising the geographic distribution, and time evolution of the publications, as well as the characteristics and potential applications of the NP systems. The review concludes that the NRF9.3. model is the most liable option to be used in a WEF nexus index, presenting the best characteristics by means of the definition of scores and thresholds, and the use of an ‘across-the-board’ criteria and a reference quantity of 100 kcal, alongside offering higher ability to assess diets and foods than the other competitive model (HEI) through the evaluation of nutrients to encourage instead of foods. A secondary outcome of the review is the identification of the NP models as a useful tool to enable institutions with information to establish policies in the field of public health and facilitating the decision-making process according to the current healthy claims.
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•Literature regarding nutrient profiling models is reviewed.•Mapping, time evolution, and characterization of the studies is assessed.•NRF9.3. is the best model to be used in a Water-Energy-Food nexus index.•NP models are a useful tool for an effective decision-making process.
This study aims to observe morphological characters and genetic parameters of Benggala grass and its nutritional quality. Research on morphological characters was conducted at the Regional Technical ...Executive Unit (UPTD) of Tenjo dry land, using a randomized block design with 5 replications. The parents of the M1V3 mutant were from Benggala grass cv Purple guinea from the germplasm collection of the Indonesian Research Institute of Animal Production (Balitnak). The M1V3 plants were derived from 2400 M1V1 plants sorted to 250 M1V2 plants, and finally to 29 M1V3 plants. There were 29 plants planted on the experimental field using pols and control plants. Morphological observations and forage harvests were conducted at harvest/cutting ages 2 and 3 months after planting. Each harvest age was analyzed respectively. Forage quality observations were carried out at the RIAP Laboratory. The results showed that at the ages of 2 and 3 months, almost all characters were significantly different (p<0.05) in each genotype and several mutants of Benggala grass were higher than controls. Broad categorical genetic parameters were found in the characters of fresh weight, fresh weight of leaves, and fresh weight of tillers. Nutritional quality shows that irradiated plants have good nutritional quality because the value of crude protein and digestibility increases, while the value of crude fiber decreases compared to the control plant. In conclusion, the characterization of the M1V3 generation showed high-yielding mutants that were higher than the control and this M1V3 generation could be used as candidates for high-yielding varieties of Benggala grass.
Corn is one of the most widely cultivated plants in Indonesia and is used as a staple food by several people, especially in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. The way to store corn is done by ...farmers, namely smoking. Fumigation is done by burning wood in the smoking room (kitchen). Fumigation is carried out with the intention of preserving corn by utilizing a heat source that comes from the smoke from burning wood or other materials. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in water content changes during the smoking process using plant materials and to determine the quality of local Timor corn. Based on the results of the study, the average ambient temperature was 30.43ºC, the average RH was 81.76%, with an average initial moisture content of 18.76% wb was able to reduce the water content of local Timor corn to 11% wb (using Schleicera oleosa), 10.5% wb (Hyptis suaveolens), and 10.2 (Chromolaena odorata), average reducing sugars 0.52% wb, average protein content 7.82% wb, average carbohydrates of 7.59% wb, and average fat of 5.35% wb. Keywords: Corn, Nutrition Value, Smoking, Soluble Solid, Timor
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•Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a source of nutrients, minerals and vitamins.•T. officinale L. is a plant with multidirectional health effects.•Flavonoids, phenolic acids and ...terpenes may lower the risk of health disorders.•Different organs from dandelion can be consumed as syrup, tea, coffee, wine, etc.
Since ancient times, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) has been consumed in various forms as a valuable source of nutrients, minerals and vitamins which can also have beneficial effects on various complex diseases. It is described as a nontoxic herb with exceptional biological activity. The aim of this review is to present the multidirectional activity of various dandelion products whose dietary intake may help to prevent, or reduce the risk of, the development of a range of diseases, including cancer, obesity, hepatitis, arthritis and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the paper describes the history of dandelion usage and serves as an overview of current literature based on in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the correlation between the chemical content and the biological properties of dandelion and its food products are not always clear, and further experiments are required to determine the therapeutic doses of dandelion products for use in future research.
This scientific work describes research, the purpose of which was to study the spectrum of nutrition and the composition of the food lump, as studies aimed at assessing specific weight (%) of ...essential nutrients (glycogen, proteins, and lipids) in particular organs and tissues of different size and mass groups of the hybrid of Silver carp and Bighead carp in ponds and reservoirs in different periods of the year. In 2018, and 2019, the juveniles of the hybrid of Silver carp and Bighead carp in ponds and reservoirs mainly consumed phytoplankton organisms (from 30 to 90% by mass), among which green, diatom, and euglena algae predominated by mass in the food group. Zooplankton occupied an insignificant place in fish nutrition (up to 5%), even though its quantity and biomass were sufficient in reservoirs. The hybrid of Silver carp and Bighead carp does not hurt zooplankton communities, so it can be included in the stocking volume of Silver carp. The feeding spectrum and rations of different groups of Silver carp and Bighead carp in ponds and reservoirs had a well-defined seasonal character related to the composition of feed objects. In all size and mass groups of the hybrid of silver and bighead carp from ponds and reservoirs in 2018, and 2019, mostly satisfactory values of general metabolism indicators were found – glycogen, proteins, and lipids in the liver, gills, and muscles of fish. The difference found in the availability of essential nutrients in the body of the studied fish indicates a change in the intensity and direction of their metabolic processes.
Zizania latifolia is an aquatic and medicinal plant with a long history of development in China and the East Asian region. The smut fungus "Ustilago esculenta" parasitizes Z. latifolia and induces ...culm expansion to form a vegetable named Jiaobai, which has a unique taste and nutritional attributes. However, the postharvest quality of water bamboo shoots is still a big challenge for farmers and merchants. This paper traced the origin, development process, and morphological characteristics of Z. latifolia. Subsequently, the compilation of the primary nutrients and bioactive substances are presented in context to their effects on ecology a postharvest storage and preservation methods. Furthermore, the industrial, environmental, and material science applications of Z. latifolia in the fields of industry were discussed. Finally, the primary objective of the review proposes future directions for research to support the development of Z. latifolia industry and aid in maximizing its value. To sum up, Z. latifolia, aside from its potential as material it can be utilized to make different productions and improve the existing applications. This paper provides an emerging strategy for researchers undertaking Z. latifolia.
The World Health Organization insists on limiting easily digestible carbohydrates, saturated fats, and trans-isomers of fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, formulations of high-calorie ...confectionery products have to be modified. The research objective was to develop confectionery creams with a modified carbohydrate profile and a reduced calorie content, fortified with omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibers.
The study featured a traditional formulation of butter cream and experimental samples of confectionery creams on vegetable oils with a modified carbohydrate profile. The research involved standard methods of assessing sensory and physicochemical properties of the control and experimental cream samples. The content of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers was estimated by enzymatic gravimetric method, while the content of tocopherols was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.
The test samples of creams on vegetable oil with modified carbohydrate profile had a fiber content of 4.0–18.5 g/100 g, represented by oat bran powder with 28% beta-glucan, arabinogalactan, and inulin. The amount of omega-3 fatty acids was 0.2 g/100 g, and the fat content was 15–26%. Easily digestible carbohydrates were represented exclusively by lactose of milk powder (0.5–3.5 g/100 g of cream). The test creams were fortified with D-α-tocopherol acetate: 2.6–4.5 mg/50 g. The density of the resulting products was 0.75–0.90 g/cm3, which made it possible to use them both as independent desserts and as semi-products.
The developed confectionery creams complied with the legislation of the EurAsEC on food products fortified with dietary fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. They can be labeled as sugar-free (≤ 0.5 g/100 g) or low sugar (≤ 5 g/100 g) products. Therefore, they are safe for customers with obesity and diabetes.
Background: One obstacle in commercial enteral food formulation is the adjustment between nutritional value and rheological characteristics of the product.Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional ...value and viscosity of polymeric enteral nutrition (PEN) products made from purple sweet potato flour with variations in the level of maltodextrin as a stabilizer.Methods: The completely randomized design was used with four variations of maltodextrin, which was 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The research was carried out by making purple sweet potato flour, then its proximate composition was measured as a basis for formulating a PEN product that was 200 kcal/200mL, with 60% carbohydrates (120 kcal / 200 mL), 15% protein (30 kcal), and 25% fat (50 kcal). The proximate composition and calorie value of the PEN products were tested. The PEN products were added hot water at a temperature of 90˚C; then, the viscosity was measured at room temperature. The viscosity of two types of commercial enteral nutrition products was measured as a reference.Results: The results showed that there was an effect of maltodextrin level on moisture, fat, and protein contents of PEN products, but there was no effect on calorie values. The viscosity of the PEN products displayed that the higher the maltodextrin level, the higher the viscosity of the product. The viscosity of the PEN products in accordance with the commercial enteral products was the treatment of maltodextrin 5% and 7.5%.Conclusion: There is an effect of maltodextrin as a stabilizer on the nutritional value and viscosity of PEN products based on purple sweet potato flour.
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