Introduction Cheap, easy to apply, well-tolerable, with the potential of altering cortical excitability, and for testing causalities—these are attributes that have made transcranial direct current ...stimulation (tDCS) a highly popular research tool in cognitive neuroscience. Since its reintroduction over 15 years ago by Nitsche and Paulus (2000), the number of publications reporting tDCS results has risen exponentially (a Scopus® literature search indicates over 500 such journal articles published in 2015 alone). ...Cason and Medina (2016) find average statistical power in tDCS studies to be below 50%. ...one potential reason for the reported inconsistencies might be that sample size is usually very small in most tDCS studies (including those from our research group). ...depending on which studies are included in systematic reviews and meta- analyses (i.e., findings published in peer-reviewed journals; unpublished nil-effects; nil-effects reported as an additional finding in papers with the actual focus on another, significant, effect, etc.), small sample size in tDCS research could lead to both under—and overestimation of tDCS efficacy. By doing so, they overcome the problem of under-powering, an issue that seems so fundamental in tDCS research. ...to investigate the effect of sample size on tDCS efficacy and to contribute to increased research transparency we designed a simple, pre-registered study (https://osf.io/eb9c5/?view_only=2743a0c4600943c998c2c37fbfb25846) with a sufficiently large number of young, healthy volunteers estimated with a priori power analysis.
Editorial Liu, William Ming
Psychology of men & masculinity,
01/2018, Volume:
19, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
From January 2018, articles are eligible for Open Science Badges recognizing publicly available data, materials, and/or preregistration plans and analyses. These badges are awarded on a ...self-disclosure basis. If all criteria are met as confirmed by the editor, the form will then be published with the article as supplemental material. Authors should also note their eligibility for the badge(s) in the cover letter. For all badges, items must be made available on an open-access repository with a persistent identifier in a format that is time-stamped, immutable, and permanent. For the Preregistered badge, this is an institutional registration system. Data and materials must be made available under an open license, allowing others to copy, share, and use the data, with attribution and copyright as applicable. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) is striving to build an open community that is inclusive of all researchers adhering to its principles and as open as possible with respect to data access and use. However, ...open data sharing can pose certain challenges. For instance, being a global initiative, the HCA must contend with a patchwork of local and regional privacy rules. A notable example is the implementation of the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which caused some concern in the biomedical and genomic data-sharing community. We examine how the HCA's large, international group of researchers is investing tremendous efforts into ensuring appropriate sharing of data. We describe the HCA's objectives and governance, how it defines open data sharing, and ethico-legal challenges encountered early in its development; in particular, we describe the challenges prompted by the GDPR. Finally, we broaden the discussion to address tools and strategies that can be used to address ethical data governance.
La revisión abierta es uno de los componentes de la ciencia abierta que las revistas científicas están incorporando en la gestión de los procesos editoriales. A diferencia del acceso abierto a las ...publicaciones o a los datos de investigación, la revisión abierta suscita aún dudas y recelos por parte de los agentes implicados (editores, revisores y autores). Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción de los editores de revistas publicadas en Brasil sobre la revisión por pares abierta (open peer review). Para ello, se utilizó un cuestionario online de 42 preguntas que se envió a 3.208 editores, de los cuales contestaron 351. Los editores mostraron satisfacción por el modelo actual de comunicación cientifica, el modelo de revisión doble ciego, mostraron desacuerdo con la identificación de los revisores, aunque percibieron una ventaja en que la revisión abierta permitiera la interacción mutua entre autores y revisores con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de los contenidos. Como barreras, señalaron los conflictos de intereses y las rivalidades que la apertura de la revisión pudiera generar y la dificultad para encontrar revisores dispuestos a aceptar este modelo de revisión. La conclusión general apunta a un perfil conservador de los editores en lo que se refiere a la introducción de prácticas de apertura en la revisión.
Near‐term iterative forecasting is a powerful tool for ecological decision support and has the potential to transform our understanding of ecological predictability. However, to this point, there has ...been no cross‐ecosystem analysis of near‐term ecological forecasts, making it difficult to synthesize diverse research efforts and prioritize future developments for this emerging field. In this study, we analyzed 178 near‐term (≤10‐yr forecast horizon) ecological forecasting papers to understand the development and current state of near‐term ecological forecasting literature and to compare forecast accuracy across scales and variables. Our results indicated that near‐term ecological forecasting is widespread and growing: forecasts have been produced for sites on all seven continents and the rate of forecast publication is increasing over time. As forecast production has accelerated, some best practices have been proposed and application of these best practices is increasing. In particular, data publication, forecast archiving, and workflow automation have all increased significantly over time. However, adoption of proposed best practices remains low overall: for example, despite the fact that uncertainty is often cited as an essential component of an ecological forecast, only 45% of papers included uncertainty in their forecast outputs. As the use of these proposed best practices increases, near‐term ecological forecasting has the potential to make significant contributions to our understanding of forecastability across scales and variables. In this study, we found that forecastability (defined here as realized forecast accuracy) decreased in predictable patterns over 1–7 d forecast horizons. Variables that were closely related (i.e., chlorophyll and phytoplankton) displayed very similar trends in forecastability, while more distantly related variables (i.e., pollen and evapotranspiration) exhibited significantly different patterns. Increasing use of proposed best practices in ecological forecasting will allow us to examine the forecastability of additional variables and timescales in the future, providing a robust analysis of the fundamental predictability of ecological variables.
Introduction The replication crisis in the behavioral and social sciences spawned a credibility revolution, calling for new open science research practices that ensure greater transparency, including ...preregistrations, open data and code, and open access. Statement of the Problem Replications of published research are an important element in this revolution as part of the self-correcting process of scientific knowledge production; however, the teaching value of replications is still underutilized thus far. Literature Review Pedagogical knowledge points to the value of replication as critical to the scientific method of test and retest. Psychology has already begun mass efforts to reproduce previous experiments. Yet, we have very few examples of how analytical and reanalysis replications, after the data come in, contribute to the reproducibility crisis and can be integrated into undergraduate and graduate courses. Teaching Implications Replications with quantitative data can be a pedagogical tool for improving student research method skills and introducing them to best research practices via learning-by-doing. Conclusion This article aims to start filling this gap by offering guidance to instructors in designing and teaching replications for students at various levels and disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences, including a supplementary teaching companion.
Publishing in the Open Access and Open Science era Arita, Masanori; Pulverer, Bernd; Uemura, Tadashi ...
Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms,
April 2024, Volume:
29, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Our research activities would be better served if they were communicated in a manner that is openly accessible to the public and all researchers. The research we share is often limited to ...representative data included in research papers—science would be much more efficient if all reproducible research data were shared alongside detailed methods and protocols, in the paradigm called Open Science. On the other hand, one primary function of research journals is to select manuscripts of good quality, verify the authenticity of the data and its impact, and deliver to the appropriate audience for critical evaluation and verification. In the current paradigm, where publication in a subset of journals is intimately linked to research evaluation, a hypercompetitive “market” has emerged where authors compete to access a limited number of top‐tier journals, leading to high rejection rates. Competition among publishers and scientific journals for market dominance resulted in an increase in both the number of journals and the cost of publishing and accessing scientific papers. Here we summarize the current problems and potential solutions from the development of AI technology discussed in the seminar at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan.
In this article, current issues in research publication—increasing journal subscription cost and APC, and the hypercompetitive situation of researchers and publishers—are presented and the future of open science is discussed.
Purpose/Significance Open science is shaping a new academic innovation ecology, aiming to promote open exchange and use of knowledge, emphasize open and cooperative research methods, and thus ...accelerate scientific innovation. Open innovation emphasizes the flow of knowledge across organizational boundaries. Both of them have obvious internal consistency and regard the free flow of knowledge as the driving factor of innovation. However, there are few studies on the relationship between open science and open innovation at present. They are often studied separately in the scientific research environment and the enterprise environment, ignoring the common role and integration of the two in the open innovation ecology. This paper aims to analyze the consistency of the connotation of open science and open innovation, study the mechanism of open science for innovation ecology, and provide reference for building an open science innovation ecology integrating open science and open innovation, as well as for developi
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