Straipsnyje, remiantis V. Lenino teoriniu palikimu, atskleidžiama visuomenės politinės organizacijos – proletariato diktatūros socializmo sąlygomis – esmė ir paskirtis. Analizuojama klasių ...panaikinimo, kaip svarbiausio socializmo tikslo, sąvoka. Teigiama, kad socialistinės visuomenės valdymo objektas yra visuomenės gamybiniai santykiai, tvarkomi taip, kad nunyktų valstybė, t. y. kad būtų sukurta savivalda. Kiekvienu konkrečiu laikotarpiu valstybė yra objektyviai reikalinga tiek, kiek dar nėra savivaldos, t. y. kiek yra skirtingos visuomeninės klasės, grupės su skirtingais interesais, kol yra tų reiškinių pagrindas – skirtumas tarp visuomenės narių visuomeninių gamybos priemonių atžvilgiu. Revoliucinio perversmo būdu sukuriama nauja politinė organizacija – proletariato diktatūros sistema, kuri ypatinga tuo, kad laikinai gali stovėti aukščiau už savo priežastį (ekonominę struktūrą) ir lemiamai ją veikti, kad būtų kuriami neklasiniai gamybiniai santykiai.
Prispevek premišljuje emancipatorni potencial gibanj v vstajah 2012–2013, najbolj silovitih v zgodovini samostojne Slovenije. Ne glede na njihovo organizacijsko obliko (iniciativa, kolektiv, ...neformalno združenje, društvo, zavod, politična stranka …), čas nastanka ali številčnost je v središču predvsem njihovo razumevanje politike in potencial za razvoj strategij za politično delovanje. Pri tem avtorica izhajam iz temeljnega aksioma, da resen premislek o politiki nujno vključuje premislek o temeljni radikalni enakosti med ljudmi, to je politiki emancipacije, ki ji je inherentna egalitarna norma. Analiza temelji na intervjujih s sogovorniki iz 19 gibanj, aktivnih v času vstaj, in pokaže na nasprotja, ki so se vzpostavila med gibanji znotraj paradigme »možnega«, kjer je politika razumljena kot vladavina, in tista na področju »nemožnega«, to je izumljanja prostorov politike, ki bi temeljili na radikalni enakosti onkraj boja za oblast.
The fascist Ustasha regime and its militias carried out a ruthless campaign of ethnic cleansing that killed an estimated half million Serbs, Jews, and Gypsies, and ended only with the defeat of the ...Axis powers in World War II.
InVisions of Annihilation,Rory Yeomans analyzes the Ustasha movement's use of culture to appeal to radical nationalist sentiments and legitimize its genocidal policies. He shows how the movement attempted to mobilize poets, novelists, filmmakers, visual artists, and intellectuals as purveyors of propaganda and visionaries of a utopian society. Meanwhile, newspapers, radio, and speeches called for the expulsion, persecution, or elimination of "alien" and "enemy" populations to purify the nation. He describes how the dual concepts of annihilation and national regeneration were disseminated to the wider population and how they were interpreted at the grassroots level.
Yeomans examines the Ustasha movement in the context of other fascist movements in Europe. He cites their similar appeals to idealistic youth, the economically disenfranchised, racial purists, social radicals, and Catholic clericalists. Yeomans further demonstrates how fascism created rituals and practices that mimicked traditional religious faiths and celebrated martyrdom.
Visions of Annihilationchronicles the foundations of the Ustasha movement, its key actors and ideologies, and reveals the unique cultural, historical, and political conditions present in interwar Croatia that led to the rise of fascism and contributed to the cataclysmic events that tore across the continent.
Zločini protiv čovječnosti Omerović, Enis; Grande, Andrea
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
07/2022, Volume:
59, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
S obzirom na aktuelnost rada Komisije Ujedinjenih nacija (UN) za međunarodno pravo (ILC) u cilju donošenja Nacrta Pravila (Članova) o zločinima protiv čovječnosti te usvajanja, kao krajnjega smisla i ...svrhe, mnogostranoga međunarodnoga ugovora (konvencije) o sprječavanju i kažnjavanju zločina protiv čovječnosti, ovaj članak ima prvobitno za cilj rekonstruirati redoslijed događaja i teorijske okvire koji su oblikovali dosadašnji kontekst tumačenja i primjene navedene skupine međunarodnih zločina, čija je inkriminacija radnji izvršenja nastajala i razvijala se poglavito kao opće običajno međunarodno pravo, i koja su pojmovna određenja najrazličitijih oblika zločina protiv čovječnosti usvajana u statutima međunarodnih krivičnih tribunala, Rimskome statutu Međunarodnoga krivičnoga suda (ICC) te internacionaliziranim sudištima. Također, i najvažnije, rad ima za cilj – na osnovu datoga konteksta – problematizirati određene implikacije u pružanim definicijama. Posebna pažnja će se posvetiti, prije svega, dugotrajnoj poveznici zločina protiv čovječnosti i oružanih sukoba, kako bi se naknadno doveo u pitanje smjer kretanja novih uvjeta postojanja napada. Zaključno će se, namjerom upotpunjavanja cjelokupne teorijske pozadine, dalje analizirati mogućnosti dijelom drugačije kategorizacije i tumačenja radnji ovoga međunarodnoga zločina stricto sensu i mogućih odgovornih počinitelja za odnosni zločin.
Considering the actuality of the work of the International Law Commission (ILC) of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of making Draft Articles on crimes against humanity and adopting, as a final sense and purpose, a multilateral international treaty (convention) on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity, this article has as a primary goal the reconstruction of the order of events and theoretical frames that shaped the current interpretation and application context of the mentioned international crime(s), whose incrimination of the acts has appeared and developed mainly as general customary international law, and whose conceptual definitions of different forms of this crime have been adopted in statutes of international criminal tribunals, in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and in internationalized courts and tribunals. Hence, and most importantly, this paper aims to – based on the given context – problematize certain implications in the provided definitions. Particular attention will be given to the long-lasting connection between crimes against humanity and armed conflicts, so to additionally question the direction of the new conditions of existence of an attack. Conclusively, with the intention of completing the entire theoretical background, possibilities of different categorization and interpretation of the acts of this international crime stricto sensu will be analysed, as well as the possible responsible perpetrators for the respective crime, with eventual changes and additions.
To compare the frequency of patients' oral health problems and prevention needs among Slovenian and international dentists with the aim to validate the four oral health-related quality of life ...(OHRQoL) dimensions across six clinical dental fields in all World Health Organization (WHO) regions.
An anonymous electronic survey in the English language was designed using Qualtrics software. A probability sampling for Slovenia and a convenience sampling strategy for dentist recruitment was applied for 31 countries. Dentists engaged in six dental fields were asked to categorize their patients' oral health problems and prevention needs into the four OHRQoL dimensions (Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact). Proportions of patients' problems and prevention needs were calculated together with the significance of Slovenian and international dentists' differences based on dental fields and WHO regions.
Dentists (n=1,580) from 32 countries completed the survey. There were 223 Slovenian dentists (females: 68%) with a mean age (SD) of 41 (10.6) years and 1,358 international dentists (females: 51%) with a mean age (SD) of 38 (10.4). Pain-related problems and prevention needs were the most prevalent among all six dental fields reported by dentists; Slovenian (37%) and 31 countries (45%). According to Cohen, differences between Slovenia, the broader European Region, and 31 countries were considered non-significant (<0.1).
According to the dentists' responses, the frequency of patients' oral health problems and prevention needs are proportionate between Slovenia and 31 countries, regionally and globally. The four OHRQoL dimensions can be considered universal across all dental fields.
This open access book is a collection of research papers on COVID-19 by Germán Velásquez from 2020 and early 2021 that help to answer the question: How can an agency like the World Health ...Organization (WHO) be given a stronger voice to exercise authority and leadership? The considerable health, economic and social challenges that the world faced at the beginning of 2020 with COVID-19 continued and worsened in many parts of the world in the second-half of 2020 and into 2021. Many of these countries and nations wanted to explore COVID-19 on their own, sometimes without listening to the main international health bodies such as WHO, an agency of the United Nations system with long-standing experience and vast knowledge at the global level and of which all countries in the world are members. In this single volume, the chapters present the progress of thinking and debate — particularly in relation to drugs and vaccines — that would enable a response to the COVID-19 pandemic or to subsequent crises that may arise. Among the topics covered: COVID-19 Vaccines: Between Ethics, Health and Economics Medicines and Intellectual Property: 10 Years of the WHO Global Strategy Re-thinking Global and Local Manufacturing of Medical Products After COVID-19 Rethinking R&D for Pharmaceutical Products After the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Shock Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines and Vaccines The World Health Organization Reforms in the Time of COVID-19 Vaccines, Medicines and COVID-19: How Can WHO Be Given a Stronger Voice? is essential reading for negotiators from the 194 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO); World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) staff participating in these negotiations; academics and students of public health, medicine, health sciences, law, sociology and political science; and intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations that follow the issue of access to treatments and vaccines for COVID-19.
Based on extensive research on the ethnolinguistic and racial ideas of leading Croatian nationalist intellectuals, this book provides a detailed analysis of race theory in one of the Third Reich's ...lesser known allied states, the Independent State of Croatia.
Prispevek, ki je nastal na podlagi etnografske raziskave, osvetli dinamiko razmerij v slovenskem ornitološkem in naravovarstvenem društvu DOPPS, v katerem se prepletajo prostovoljske in profesionalne ...dejavnosti. Na primeru društva prikaže konfliktna razmerja med skupinami, hkrati pa opiše recipročnost in sodelovanje ter poenotenje kulturnih predpostavk, ki so pomembne za doseganje skupnih ciljev. Avtor ugotavlja, da nestabilna in nasprotujoča si razmerja v društvu utemeljujejo nenavaden preplet med hierarhično organizacijo in egalitarno skupnostjo, ki jo britanski socialni antropolog Martin Parker imenuje »skupnizacija«. Takšna družbena oblika je sicer strukturirana in organizirana, a hkrati utemeljena na rudimentarni pripadnosti in solidarnosti njenih članov. Meja med delom in prostim časom je v njej v dobršni meri zabrisana, hierarhična razmerja niso jasna in poudarjena, njeni člani imajo enak delež pri produkciji in dejavnostih, vanjo rekrutirajo predvsem enako misleče posameznike, odločanje v njej pa poteka počasi in z demokratičnimi procesi. Številne od teh lastnosti najdemo v DOPPS, ki deluje kot preplet organizacije in omrežja oziroma skupnosti. Organizacija torej soobstaja in se simbiotično dopolnjuje z omrežjem ali skupnostjo kot entiteta, ki je ne moremo upodobiti s preprostim dvodimenzionalnim modelom (organigramom). V njej se namreč prepletata dva modela sodelovanja, in sicer hierarhična organizacija s »piramidalno« strukturo ter horizontalna skupnost oziroma omrežje prostovoljcev, v katerem se razmerja nenehno na novo definirajo.
U članku se analiziraju ključne točke sukoba u ustavnom procesu Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca od nastanka te države do usvajanja Vidovdanskog ustava. Autor identificira pitanje unutarnjeg ...teritorijalnog razgraničenja kao nepomirljiv dio inače šireg spektra ustavnopravnih sporova između najutjecajnijih političkih stranaka. Pritom argumentira tezu da izvor sukoba leži u činjenici da su različite političke strategije vezane uz partikularne nacionalne ideologije bile formirane puno prije nastanka jugoslavenske ideologije i stvaranja države 1918. Iako nisu bile u potpunosti jedinstvene u pogledu svih ustavnih pitanja, najveća slovenska i najveća hrvatska politička stranka zagovarale su očuvanje povijesnih granica, što je bilo u skladu sa strategijom federalizacije koja se temeljila na nacionalnom principu. Različitim političkim i pravnim manevrima njihovi su se alternativni prijedlozi u potpunosti zanemarili te je usvojen unitaristički Vidovdanski ustav.
This is a retrospective analysis of annual reports on occupational injuries issued by the national social insurance agency of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for the years 2004 through 2016. For ...each criterion we calculated an index based on the equation
x100, where
is the number of occupational injuries by a specific criterion in a specific year
, and
is the number of injuries in the corresponding criterion in the reference year, i.e. 2004. We also calculated the number of injuries to number of workers ratio (
) for different occupations and economic sectors to get a clearer idea of the injury trends per worker. In terms of occupational injury rates (with respect to 2004), we observed increases in construction, financing & real estate (economic sectors), among engineers and technicians (occupations), in infections and secondary contusions (injury type), for upper and lower limbs (affected body parts), over falls and “other” causes. Most injuries occurred on Fridays, which is a weekend day in Saudi Arabia. We also observed increased recovery without disability (injury status). However, if we look at the number of occupational injuries per worker, we can see a decreasing trend over time for all occupations and economic sectors, most likely thanks to improved labour law and safety at work practices for insured workers. Our findings are similar to reports from other Persian Gulf countries and reflect current labour health and safety issues in the area.
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