ObjectiveOur aim was to assess the level and socio-demographic correlates of the ability to maintain health among children in Albania, a post-communist country in the Western Balkans.MethodsA ...cross-sectional study was conducted in Albania in September 2022. The study population consisted of a nationwide representative sample of 7,831 schoolchildren (≈54% girls) aged 12-15 years. A structured self-administered and anonymous questionnaire inquired about the children's attitudes toward health promotion (ability to maintain and improve health) and a range of key dimensions on knowledge and practices regarding healthcare services. Socio-demographic data were also collected. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the socio-demographic correlates of children's ability to maintain health.ResultsOverall, about 71% of schoolchildren exhibited the best attitudes toward health promotion (ability to maintain and improve health). In the multivariable adjusted logistic regression models, poorer attitudes toward health promotion (ability to maintain and improve health) were significantly related to older age (OR=1.2, 95% CI=1.0-1.3), middle/low maternal education (OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.1-1.3), poor/very poor economic situation (OR=1.5, 95%CI=1.2-1.8), lack of appropriate knowledge about rights to healthcare (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.5), lack of knowledge about obtaining healthcare services (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.4-2.2), and lack of consultations/visits with health professionals excluding vaccinations (OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.1-1.4).ConclusionsAlmost 1/3rd of Albanian schoolchildren included in this study did not exhibit the best attitudes toward health promotion (ability to maintain and improve health). The best attitudes were related to a higher socioeconomic level and adequate knowledge and practices regarding healthcare services. There is thus a need to increase health literacy levels among children in order to ultimately induce sustainable healthy behavioural/lifestyle practices.
V državah z dobro vzpostavljenimi cepilnimi programi je cepljenje “žrtev lastnega uspeha”, saj je nizka pojavnost bolezni, ki jih preprečujemo s cepljenjem, zmanjšala izkušnjo njihovega bremena in s ...tem očitnost koristi cepljenja. Povečevanje števila staršev, ki zavračajo cepljenje svojih otrok, je že ogrozilo t. i. skupnostno imunost oz. jo zmanjšalo celo do mere, da so se ponovno začeli pojavljati izbruhi prej obvladanih nalezljivih bolezni. V prispevku predstavljamo sistematični pristop k etičnim vprašanjem glede cepljenja otrok skozi štiri principe biomedicinske etike (tj. spoštovanje posameznikove avtonomije, neškodovanje, dobrodelnost in pravičnost), ki je razumljiv model za razmislek o tovrstnih vprašanjih. Pediatrom na primarni ravni, ki se najpogosteje srečujejo z dilemami glede obravnave otrok, katerih starši zavračajo cepljenje, je lahko sistematičnost opisanega pristopa v pomoč pri etičnem razmisleku, odločanju in iskanju lastne vloge v tovrstnih situacijah. Utemeljujemo iskanje “etičnega ravnovesja”, kar pomeni, da stopnja spoštovanja avtonomije staršev ni stalna, ampak odvisna od ravni vzpostavljene skupnostne imunosti. če moralna dolžnost posameznikov, da prispevajo k imunosti populacije, ni izpolnjena, je upravičeno s strani države pred-pisano obvezno cepljenje. Država je namreč odgovorna za varovanje skupnostne imunosti, ki jo moramo razumeti kot javno dobro in zato potrebuje posebno državno zaščito.
Glede na sodobne dokumente in smernice tako na nacionalni kot na ravni EU je treba razmišljati o udejanjanju koncepta inkluzivnosti kot transformacije šolskega sistema, ki vključuje tudi načelo ...medkulturnosti. Prispevek analizira stališča (bodočih) pedagoških delavcev do načinov vključevanja otrok priseljencev v šolski sistem. V raziskavi so študenti (n = 411) izražali manj negativna stališča do otrok priseljencev ter bolj pozitivna stališča do kulturne raznolikosti in pomoči otrokom priseljencem kot pedagoški delavci (n = 763). V članku so predstavljeni nekateri razlogi za dobljene ugotovitve in možnosti vplivanja na spremembo nekonstruktivnih stališč strokovnih delavcev v šolstvu.
Uvod: Vse pogosteje zaznavamo različne težave z načinom prehranjevanja pri otrocih. Otroci med 10. in 14. letom intenzivno rastejo in se razvijajo. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti vpliv izbirčnosti ...v prehrani otrok na njihovo prehranjenost v omenjeni starosti.Metode: Uporabljena je bila presečna opisna raziskava. Zajet je bil priložnostni vzorec osnovnošolcev zadnjega triletja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 62 (49,2 %) učencev moškega in 64 (50,8 %) učencev ženskega spola zadnjega triletja ene izmed osnovnih šol v Sloveniji. Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, pridobili pa smo tudi podatke o telesni masi in višini. Uporabili smo opisno in sklepno statistiko (dvostranski test ANOVA).Rezultati: 37 (53,6 %) deklet in 28 (44,4 %) fantov je trdilo, da so izbirčni. Z dvostranskim testom ANOVA smo ugotovili, da obstaja povezava med izbirčnostjo in prehranjenostjo (p = 0,014). Pri dekletih je vidno večje odstopanje od prehranjenosti kot pri fantih.Diskusija in zaključek: Izbirčno prehranjevanje je v današnjem času zelo pogost problem, saj se je v njem prepoznala skoraj polovica vključenih učencev. Izbirčnost ima lahko negativne posledice v odrasli dobi. V starosti 10–14 let se ustvarjajo prehranjevalne navade, ki so lahko prisotne celotno življenje, zato je bistveno, da delujemo preventivno in s tem preprečimo negativne posledice. V prihodnosti bi bilo treba raziskovanje usmeriti v preventivne dejavnosti in promocijo zdravega prehranjevanja.
Healthcare workers (HCW) can have an important role in educating parents about child road safety, but research on the topic shows that they usually do not have adequate knowledge. Thus, the aim of ...our study was to analyze their knowledge in the field of child road safety.
The cross-sectional study was conducted among HCW from South Bačka district, Serbia, using a specially created questionnaire for assessing knowledge on road traffic injuries in children.
The research involved the participation of 317 healthcare workers (86 physicians and 231 nurses). Healthcare workers from primary healthcare made up almost 70% of all respondents, followed by those from tertiary (21.8%) and secondary (11.3%) level institutions. The average percentage of correct answers on the knowledge test was 74.3% (mean=22.3, SD=4.0). Out of all respondents, HCWs employed in the paediatrics department had a significantly higher percentage of correct answers at 77.7% (mean=23.3, SD=3.4) compared to other health workers at 73% (mean=21.9, SD=4.1) (p=0.002). Association analysis demonstrated that HCW employed at paediatric departments on average scored 1.37 (95% CI: 0.40-2.33, p=0.006) points higher in comparison with other HCW.
This research demonstrated an unsatisfactory level of knowledge on child road safety by HCW, and the variability across different question domains, which underlines the need for continuous educations in order to improve their knowledge. Our results may serve in planning additional public health measures and can provide a reference for future studies.
ABSTRACT
Introduction
There has been no valid and reliable instrument available to measure the impact of oral health on the quality of life of Slovenian preschool children. The main aim of this study ...was to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of the first Slovenian instrument assessing Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) preschool children: the ECOHIS-SVN.
Methods
The ECOHIS-SVN was developed using forward-backward translations and with the participation of children aged under six and their parents. The children’s teeth were examined, and parents were asked to complete questionnaires, including the ECOHIS-SVN. The internal consistency of ECOHIS-SVN was evaluated through the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha (α), test-retest reliability with an intra-class-correlation coefficient (ICC), convergent validity with Spearman’s rank correlation (r) and criterion validity with the Mann-Whitney test. The association between the ECOHIS-SVN score and parents’ age, educational level, self-reported oral health and OHIP-SVN14 was estimated using multiple linear regression.
Results
In the study, 255 children participated, with a mean age of 4.8 years (±0.8). The ECOHIS-SVN questionnaire was completed by the parents of all 255 children and re-filled by 71 parents. The results of the total ECOHIS-SVN scale include α=0.85, ICC=0.85, and r=0.6-0.75. A statistically significant association was found between the ECOHIS-SVN and parents’ age and between the ECOHIS-SVN and parents’ OHIP-SVN14 in the whole group and in the subgroup of children with no teeth affected by cavitated caries (dmft=0) (p=0.025, p=0.028), respectively.
Conclusion
ECOHIS-SVN enables further studies to assess the OHRQoL of preschool children in the Slovenian-speaking population.
Prenovljena osnovno- in srednješolska zakonodaja predvideva intenzivni začetni tečaj slovenščine ter individualno spremljanje napredka vključevanja. Na voljo je vedno več didaktičnega gradiva za ...različno starostno stopnjo otrok, a izzivi ostajajo. Še več jih je pri izvajanju medkulturnega dialoga v okviru pouka. Učni načrti in učna gradiva bi morali odsevati družbeno raznolikost, a so priseljenke in priseljenci, pripadnice in pripadniki manjšin v njih največkrat nevidni ali prikazani pristransko. To je treba spremeniti in tudi njim samim omogočiti, da se predstavijo ter spregovorijo o izzivih vključevanja, o sestavljeni identiteti in o svoji vlogi v družbi.
Na zaposlenost bolnikov s kronično ledvično boleznijo (KLB), ki so zboleli v otroštvu, vpliva celoten potek razvoja bolezni med odraščanjem in tudi kasneje v odraslosti. Pogoste odsotnosti od pouka, ...slabše nevrokognitivno delovanje in težave s telesnim zdravjem prispevajo k slabšemu učnemu uspehu, nižji stopnji dosežene izobrazbe in čustvenim težavam, kot so slabša samopodoba, občutek osamljenosti, anksioznost in depresivnost. Mladi odrasli s KLB so manj samostojni in dosežejo manj razvojnih mejnikov ter kasneje kot zdravi vrstniki. Zaradi nižje dosežene izobrazbe in predvideno pogostih bolniških odsotnosti so manj privlačni za delodajalce. Na kakovost življenja in zaposljivost bolnikov s KLB pomembno vplivata tudi starost, pri kateri nastopi končna ledvična odpoved, in način nadomestnega zdravljenja. Kljub vsem težavam se večina bolnikov čuti sposobne za delo in si želi zaposlitve. Smiselno je ozaveščati učitelje in delodajalce o omejitvah KLB ter pomagati bolnikom pri iskanju zaposlitve.
The purpose of the research was to analyse the injuries of primary school children in the framework of organised sports activities at school and in clubs or associations, and in leisure time without ...professional guidance.
We surveyed 631 participants, of which there were 282 boys and 349 girls from eight Slovenian primary schools. Frequencies were calculated and a Chi-square test was performed.
In physical education (PE) at school, 32% of the participants were injured in one school year, and there were no statistically significant differences in the number of injuries according to sex (p=0.18) and age (p=0.12). Most injuries were recorded in the lower extremities (50%), in the form of wounds. The participants were injured less often in PE at school than in a club or association, and more often than in their leisure time. The participants were absent from PE classes for longer after an injury in a club or association than in PE, while no significant differences in absences after injury were found. At school, the participants were most often injured in ball games, boys in football (43%) and girls in volleyball (19%). In activities in a club or association, we recorded the most injuries in boys in martial arts (18%) and dance for girls (19%). In their leisure time, boys suffered the most injuries from football (26%) and cycling, while girls suffered the most from running and rollerblading.
In the last ten years, the number of injuries in PE has increased in Slovenia. Based on the obtained results, we propose measures to reduce injuries and thus encourage more sports activities among children and adolescents, while ensuring their safety.
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