In this paper, we suggest that internalization theory might be extended by incorporating complementary insights from GVC theory. More specifically, we argue that internalization theory can explain ...why lead firms might wish to externalize selected activities, but that it is largely silent on the mechanisms by which those lead firms might exercise control over the resultant externalized relationships with their GVC partners. We advance an explanation linking the choice of control mechanism to two factors: power asymmetries between the lead firms and their GVC partners, and the degree of codifiability of the information to be exchanged in the relationship.
Secure outsourced computation enables IoT devices to offload resource-intensive computations to a more resourceful server while keeping the inputs secret to the server. Recently, Zhang et al. put ...forth two outsourcing algorithms for solving quadratic congruences (Zhang et al., 2020). We observe that both the algorithms do not achieve the claimed security guarantees: a polynomial-time attack reveals the secret inputs to a passive adversary. As a consequence of the insecure outsourcing, the factorization of the RSA modulus is also revealed and hence leads to the total compromise of the security of the underlying scheme which makes use of the Zhang et al. outsourcing algorithms for solving quadratic congruences. Interestingly, we propose corrective measures for the Zhang et al. algorithm and prove that the resulting algorithm enables secure and verifiable delegation of solving quadratic congruences in IoTs.
This article aims to analyze Decree no. 9507/2018, which started to discipline the outsourcing of services in the Federal Public Administration, with the following research problem as its north: Does ...the Decree in question go beyond the constitutional limits established for hiring indirect services? Using the hypothetical--deductive method, it started from the assumption that Decree no. 9507/2018 affronts the provisions of the Federal Charter of 1988, not observing the systematic, the existing constitutional logic to discipline the organization and operation of public administration, as well as the formation of its staff of servers and service providers. After analyzing the text of the Decree, based on legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence related to the theme, its unconstitutionality (initial hypothesis) was confirmed, by allowing unrestricted outsourcing, and achieving the Separation of Powers, the legality, as well as the system provision of public office and employment. The defects detected have not prevented their effectiveness, without any control by the Legislative, Judicial or Court of Auditors, which, fatally, will result in the filing of constitutionality control actions, as well as filing of writ of mandamus and other judicial measures, in order to guarantee the rights enshrined in the Federal Constitution of 1988.
This article aims to analyze Decree no. 9507/2018, which started to discipline the outsourcing of services in the Federal Public Administration, with the following research problem as its north: Does ...the Decree in question go beyond the constitutional limits established for hiring indirect services? Using the hypothetical--deductive method, it started from the assumption that Decree no. 9507/2018 affronts the provisions of the Federal Charter of 1988, not observing the systematic, the existing constitutional logic to discipline the organization and operation of public administration, as well as the formation of its staff of servers and service providers. After analyzing the text of the Decree, based on legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence related to the theme, its unconstitutionality (initial hypothesis) was confirmed, by allowing unrestricted outsourcing, and achieving the Separation of Powers, the legality, as well as the system provision of public office and employment. The defects detected have not prevented their effectiveness, without any control by the Legislative, Judicial or Court of Auditors, which, fatally, will result in the filing of constitutionality control actions, as well as filing of writ of mandamus and other judicial measures, in order to guarantee the rights enshrined in the Federal Constitution of 1988. Keywords: Federal Public Administration; Unrestricted Outsourcing; Unconstitutionality. O presente artigo analisa o Decreto no. 9507/2018, que passou a disciplinar a terceirizacao de servicos na Administracao Publica Federal, tendo o seguinte problema de pesquisa como norte: o Decreto em questao extrapola os limites constitucionais estabelecidos para a contratacao de execucao indireta de servicos? Valendo--se do metodo hipotetico--dedutivo, partiu da suposicao de que o Decreto no. 9507/2018 afronta dispositivos da Carta Federal de 1988, inobservado a sistematica, a logica constitucional existente para disciplinar a organizacao e o funcionamento da Administracao Publica, bem como, a formacao de seu quadro de servidores e prestadores de servicos. Apos a analise do texto do Decreto, fulcrada em legislacao, doutrina e jurisprudencias relativas ao tema, confirmou--se sua inconstitucionalidade (hipotese inicial), ao permitir a terceirizacao irrestrita, e atingir a Separacao dos Poderes, a legalidade, bem como, o sistema constitucional de provimento de cargos publicos e empregos. Os vicios detectados nao tem impedido a sua vigencia, sem que tenha havido qualquer controle pelo Poder Legislativo, Judiciario, ou Tribunal de Contas, o que, fatalmente, resultara na propositura de acoes de controle de constitucionalidade, bem como, ajuizamento de mandados de seguranca e outras medidas judiciais, com o intuito de garantir direitos consagrados na Constituicao Federal de 1988. Palavras--chave: Administracao Publica Federal; Terceirizacao irrestrita; Inconstitucionalidade.
Outsourcing decision tree inference services to the cloud is highly beneficial, yet raises critical privacy concerns on the proprietary decision tree of the model provider and the private input data ...of the client. In this paper, we design, implement, and evaluate a new system that allows highly efficient outsourcing of decision tree inference. Our system significantly improves upon prior art in the overall online end-to-end secure inference service latency at the cloud as well as the local-side performance of the model provider. We first present a new scheme which securely shifts most of the processing of the model provider to the cloud, resulting in a substantial reduction on the model provider's performance complexities. We further devise a scheme which substantially optimizes the performance for secure decision tree inference at the cloud, particularly the communication round complexities. The synergy of these techniques allows our new system to achieve up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">8 \times</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-3194048.gif"/> </inline-formula> better overall online end-to-end secure inference latency at the cloud side over realistic WAN environment, as well as bring the model provider up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">19 \times</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>19</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq2-3194048.gif"/> </inline-formula> savings in communication and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">18 \times</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>18</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq3-3194048.gif"/> </inline-formula> savings in computation.
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