Objectives
The objective of the present meta-analysis was to integrate the available research on associations of parenting styles with self-esteem in children and adolescents.
Methods
A systematic ...search in electronic databases (PSYCINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar, and PSYNDEX) and cross referencing identified 116 studies that were included in a random-effects meta-analysis.
Results
Cross-sectional studies found small to moderate positive associations of authoritative parenting with self-esteem (
r
= 0.26; 95%-CI 0.24, 0.29) while authoritarian (
r
= −0.18; 95%-CI −0.21, −0.14) and neglectful parenting (
r
= −0.18; 95%-CI −0.23, −0.12) were related to lower self-esteem in the offspring. A very small positive association of permissive parenting with self-esteem was observed in studies that defined permissiveness by low control and high warmth rather than only by low control (
r
= 0.07; 95%-CI 0.01, 0.12). Cross-lagged analyses found evidence for child effects on change in authoritative (
r
= 0.13; 95%-CI 0.05, 0.21) and neglectful parenting (
r
= −0.28; 95%-CI −0.34, −0.22 but not on effects of parenting styles on change in self-esteem; however very few longitudinal studies were available. Few moderating effects of study characteristics were identified.
Conclusions
We conclude that correlations between parenting styles and child self-esteem cannot be interpreted as a pure effect of parenting styles and that more longitudinal research is urgently needed for testing potential bidirectional effects.
Individuals are increasingly entering into informal agreements with known sperm donors in order to either circumvent the costs involved in using fertility centres or owing to personal beliefs and ...preferences. When they do so, the legal protection that ordinarily accompanies the use of a fertility centre is either sparse or lacking. The question is what happens when one of the parties reneges on the agreement, either by demanding parental responsibilities or rights in the case of the donor or, in the case of the recipient, by demanding that the donor assumes a parental role when this was never his intention. The position in South Africa is currently unregulated. This article, therefore, examines the position in a number of foreign jurisdictions with the aim of making recommendations for the way forward in South Africa.
This commentary is written to mark 10 years of comprehensive maternal scholarship undertaken across the Journal. In this piece I return to reflect on the gap between women's anticipations of labour ...and birth and their experiences, as births appear to be becoming more interventionist. This leads me to invite a debate about why this might be and whether it matters?
Cet article introduit et discute les concepts théoriques clés de deuil
développemental et de conflit de la parentalité se rapportant aux psychothérapies
mères-bébés élaborées par Bertrand Cramer et ...Francisco Palacio-Espasa. La
présentation d’un cas clinique permet de les articuler en lien avec les processus
psychiques et les interactions observés chez une mère et son bébé.
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