El ANR Patentes es un instrumento que otorga subsidios al patentamiento de desarrollos innovadores en Argentina. Entre 2007 y 2017 se financiaron 83 proyectos de 195 postulaciones. A partir de ...información secundaria y de una encuesta a beneficiarios se pudo reconstruir el camino de las solicitudes de patentes financiadas. Los resultados revelan una alta tasa de otorgamiento de las patentes solicitadas y, que un conjunto de proyectos ha enfrentado dificultades para llegar al mercado. Esto indica la conveniencia de articular este instrumento con programas orientados al emprendedurismo y con fuentes de financiamiento para el desarrollo productivo.
Inventive step is the sine qua non for the grant of a patent. Arguably, this subjective evaluation of the claimed invention ensures a sufficient leap forward to the existing technology. The footnote ...appended to Article 27 of the TRIPS Agreement contemplates that inventive step may be deemed tobe synonymous with―non-obvious‖. Thus, the footnote has left it open-ended for the WTO members to speculate on may or may not situations or entirely rule out this apparent inventive step/non-obviousness equivalence suggestion. TRIPS Agreement does not define inventive step or lay down the standards to be followed in construing the person from whose perspective the claimed invention has to be looked into for inventive step/non-obviousness determination. In the U.S., Congress and the Courts have consistently interpreted ―non-obviousness‖ as technical advancement to the concerned discipline. When it comes to Indian law, there is an apparentclarity, but when delved deep, the outcome lacks crucial elements of predictability. Section 2(1)(ja) of the Indian Patents Act, 1970 is framed in such a way so that it gives an impression to the reader that technical advancement and being non-obvious to a person skilled in the art are two distinct concepts. The US Courts always gave economic considerations a secondary status in the determination of the non-obviousness of a given invention. Indian patent statute specifically mentions economic significanceand places it as an alternative to technical advancementwithoutclarifying the interconnection of the two connotations.The authors intend to understand, in what way technical advance can be considered as a completely separate standalone criterion for patentability in conjunction with non-obviousness. Furthermore, as a step forward, the authors want to expound on whether economic consideration alone,without even requiring non-obviousness, can fulfil the inventive step criterion in India.
El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la situación de los medicamentos utilizados para inducir el aborto en Colombia, respecto a la prohibición de patentar los productos o procedimientos ...que atentan contra la vida de las personas. Para lograrlo, la metodología escogida es de corte descriptivo-analítico en aras de caracterizar los intereses jurídicos tutelados en tensión; apoyada en un enfoque interpretativo-sistemático, para aportar una visión propia sobre la pertinencia de mantener o no esta prohibición con los estándares constitucionales actuales. Como resultados, se desarrollad de un lado una crítica al panorama que genera esta laguna jurídica no resuelta, al otorgarle al examinador de patentes la libertad de acogerse, o no, a lo dispuesto por esta prohibición, y del otro, se propende por reconocer que la constitucionalización de la propiedad intelectual es una realidad en el ordenamiento colombiano.
Patent claims and patent scope Marco, Alan C.; Sarnoff, Joshua D.; deGrazia, Charles A.W.
Research policy,
November 2019, 2019-11-00, Volume:
48, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Patent scope is one of the important aspects in the debates over “patent quality.” The purported decrease in patent quality over the last decade or two has supposedly led to granting patents of ...increased breadth, decreased clarity, and questionable validity (in part due to over-breadth). Such patents allegedly diminish the incentives for innovation due to increased transaction costs in the market for technology, more frequent disputes and litigation, trolling behavior, and breakdowns in bargaining. This paper focuses on the patent examination process at the PTO, highlighting the relationship between patent scope and the patent examination process. We develop and validate two measurements of patent scope: independent claim length and independent claim count. These metrics—in contrast to other measurements of patent scope—can be calculated before and after examination and enable us to provide the first large-scale analysis of trends in patent scope changes during the examination process. Our results show that applications with narrower scope are associated with a higher probability of grant and a shorter and less intense examination period in comparison to applications with broader scope. Further, we find that the examination process itself tends to narrow the scope of patents relative to the scope at filing, and that the changes are more significant when the duration and intensity of examination is increased. We explain our metrics and make our data available in a public use dataset, which we hope will encourage more research in the evaluation of patent scope, patent examination, and patent quality more broadly.
Innovations are mostly derived from already existing technologies that may or may not have been patented. What could one think of, about the patentability of a product, let‟s say a pharma product ...that is made from the group of previously known compounds, some of which are already patented? The answer to this question lies in the very technical field under patent law known as „Selection Patents‟ or „Genus-Species Patents‟. Predominantly this concept of selection patent or species patent is seen mostly in the domain of chemical compounds or species, but certainly is not limited to that only, as the same can be applied in other technological areas, such as engineering, biotechnology, material science and telecommunications. Selection patents/inventions are said so as they overlap with the disclosures in the preexisting art. Such aforesaid disclosures generally do not hamper the novelty of the latter invention unless the latter one does not encompass a new embodiment of feature or property. But this isn‟t as straight forward as it seems to be. The critical issue in this domain is how to determine the novelty and inventive step of the selection inventions which are entangled in the dichotomy of coverage and disclosure. Off late there have been chunk of cases in India deciphering the coverage-disclosure conundrum in the field of species patents. This paper will foray as to what is this coverage-disclosure conundrum in selection patents, what are the legal framework that are prevalent across other jurisdictions to deal this and what is the future of specie patents in India especially in light of recently filed Dapagliflozin Appeals.
This Paper shall examine the synchronization between the technology and law so that the fruits of technology which can be used as a standardized technology and patents (SEP) can be granted to the ...patent holders so that it becomes a win- win situation to the innovator of technology and society at large. It shall also examine the global issues in standard essential patents and how India has handled such issues by complying with FRAND terms. Since the body granting the SEP is called Standard Setting Organization , therefore the historical prospective of SEP along with the issues arising in SEP shall also be analyzed with emphasis on FRAND terms and the specific case studies of United states, Germany, Japan and China including India shall be analysed mainly on Patent hold up and royalty issues and suggest the remedial measures; taking lessons from other countries and suggest the way forward in the form of recommendation in order to handle the SEP challenges in India in a timely, cost effective manner; as this is also one of the key factor for ease of doing business in India and providing sufficient protection to the Patent holder and avoid any misuse.
Este trabajo tiene por objeto dilucidar el dilema relativo al monopolio explotación creado en virtud de las patentes de invención farmacéuticas, que si bien incentivan la innovación, a su vez, ...representan obstáculos para el acceso a medicamentos esenciales, por cuanto un bien patentado, por lo general se venderá a altos costos en el mercado. Ello repercute en el disfrute y goce del derecho a la salud de los pacientes, al ser bienes con poca elasticidad o sustitutos cercanos, mientras se encuentre en vigor la patente; ningún otro competidor podrá efectuar sin autorización del titular los actos mencionados en el artículo 28 del Acuerdo sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio.
A few years later, on October 22, 1904, Edward A. Schade and Albert F. Schade filed a patent application for a tilting handle and knob for a bench plane; it was granted on April 11, 1905 (U.S. patent ...#787, 54) (Figure 2). The patent states "the object of the invention is to provide a plane with an adjustable tilting handle so that it may be grasped by the hand and operated in many positions and cases where at present a plane cannot be used except with great danger of accident to the knuckles and the back of the hand, which are liable to be bruised." Christian Bodmer's patent for a wood-scoring device was issued on August 23, 1910 (U.S. patent #968,508) (Figure 6).
Economic growth has traditionally been attributed to the increase in national production arising from technological innovation. Using a panel of seventy-nine countries bridging the North-South ...divide, Patent Intensity and Economic Growth is an important empirical study on the uncertain relationship between patents and economic growth. It considers the impact of one-size-fits-all patent policies on developing countries and their innovation-based economic growth, including those policies originating from the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization, as well as initiatives derived from the TRIPS Agreement and the Washington Consensus. This book argues against patent harmonization across countries and provides an analytical framework for country group coalitioning on policy at UN level. It will appeal to scholars and students of patent law, national and international policy makers, venture capitalist investors, and research and development managers, as well as researchers in intellectual property, innovation and economic growth.
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