In this paper, we build an agent-based model named AAEM to research agricultural economy. By contrast with traditional macroeconomic models, the agent-based model emphasizes understanding the forming ...courses of various macroeconomic phenomena at the microeconomic level, so it can deal much better with unknown economic phenomena and policies. After introducing the mechanics of AAEM, we establish peasant household agents as the main body of AAEM and define several other common types of agents for AAEM. On the basis of theoretical study, we focus on designing each type of agents’ actions. In particular, self-adaptive learning algorithm is used to implement agents’ decision making. Furthermore, we test AAEM through a simulation instance where the government increases the purchase of rice to encourage rice production. All agents in AAEM adapt well to the policy change, which demonstrates that AAEM has great potential to improve agricultural economic policy analysis and to provide new insights into underlying agricultural economic principles.
Online shopping is becoming an irreplaceable shopping pattern with the ever-lasting high speed development of the information age. With the aim to explore the influencing factors of the peasants' ...shopping behaviors on household items, the reasonable purchasing models have been established with the base on the analysis of survey data. With the empirical analysis of the scale analysis data from six villages in Jiaozuo city Henan Province, this paper illustrated the data processing firstly. Taking the reliability and validity into account, this paper carried out the correlation analysis and path analysis and finally the S-O-R model and regression model was established. Some reasonable suggestions for expanding the scale of peasants' consumption via the Internet were put forward as the conclusion.
Semi–subsistence sectors predominate throughout Pacific Island countries. But the nature of the social organisation that characterises them, remains generally unexamined. This paper introduces the ...concept of ‘traditional enterprise’, based on observations in Tonga, to help analytically illuminate the sector. It also investigates processes of household dynamics that lead to selective upward social mobility and the consequent fragmentation of the generalised peasant household. Better understanding of the basic units, goals and means of achieving them among the traditional, rural, or the ‘grass roots’ sectors should help the current developmentalist emphasis on informal sector growth.
Intensive agriculture, industrial type, contributed to environmental degradation and pollution. Thus, on the one hand, makes intensive use of chemicals has led to neglect of duty to maintain the ...natural fertility of the soil organic matter through proper fattening. On the other hand, organizing specialized industrial environments, high animal breeders, considered the only marketable livestock production, neglecting the production of manure, thus representing a break with the brutal nature of biological circuits Following the experience accumulated over two centuries, mankind has drawn valuable education obligation to safeguard the habitat of nature as a collaborator. In this respect, the main task of our times is to develop appropriate technologies humanist ideal, so that man can become a being as fully integrated into the social and cosmic environment. In the present period as a peasant household current form, is typical of developing countries. It is generated by the result of families who received income from farming and increase farm animalelor.Gospodãria organizational structure is the basic economic and agricultural economy. On the basis of the idea that organic production is the main cause of degradation of the biological quality of products is inadequate human intervention at various structural levels of the biosphere, and the most severe effects on humans resulting from the cumulation of errors relating to soil, plants and animals. Organic farming places emphasis on quality natural products, the quantity and productivity issues as a peripheral level. A balanced rural development policy for the future is not an option but a necessity, especially considering the fact that the issue of agriculture and rural development has important national connotations and is a very complex and timely in Romania Regional development is a concept that aims at stimulating and diversifying economic activities, encouraging private sector investment, helping to reduce unemployment and ultimately lead to improved living standards, according to the regions of the country\'s development
Based on the state governance background of peasant household oriented land circulation, I analyzed characteristics of peasant household oriented land circulation. The characteristics mainly include ...uncertain definition of rural land circulation, significant off-media feature of land circulation, long-term land circulation contract, farmers’ preference of peasant household oriented land circulation, and progressive path of land circulation. The essential feature is the progressive mode of land circulation. Under the existing property right, it realizes the perfect combination of modern production factors and traditional agricultural, and the combination of traditional family safeguarding function and modern social mutual growth spirit. Thus, it shows relative independence and manifests the idea of common prosperity. The opportunity cost of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal, institutional cost will increase circulation risk, and what’s more, the cost for state governance of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal. It comes to conclusion that building proper and harmonious land circulation mechanism is responsibility of central government and favorable for healthy development of peasant household oriented land circulation.
The rural micro-financial innovation is necessary because the traditional regular financial institutions can not satisfy peasant households’ demand of small-sum (or petty) loan and the support of ...present small-sum loan companies is limited for rural financial development. Taking Fuping Petty Loan Company as an example, we analyzed characteristics, reasonableness and continuity of social enterprise type peasant household petty loan mode. It is believed that this mode has enormous vitality in rural areas and has great promotion value. Petty loan companies have both internal and external shortages in their current development. We put forward countermeasures and suggestions for rural micro-financial innovation from legal status confirmation, fund supply and loan product innovation.
Sources of small family farm production inefficiency, recôncavo region, Bahia, Brazil Pereira Filho, Carlos Augusto(Universidade Federal da Bahia); Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza(Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiróz)
Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural,
03/2003, Volume:
41, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The main objective of this study was to identify and analyze the sources of inefficiency in family operated small agricultural properties in the Brazilian state of Bahias Recôncavo region from a ...sample of 44 producers. A non-parametric approach, in the context of cost minimizing behavior under constant returns to scale, was used to estimate the indices of technical, scale, allocative, and total (economic or cost) efficiency. Results indicated that the largest source small family farm inefficiency in the Recôncavo region is allocative inefficiency, that is to say, the non-observance of price relationships when making production decisions. On the average, 79.1% of these farms total inefficiency is due to allocative inefficiency, 9.3% to technical inefficiency, and 11.7% to scale inefficiency.
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