The use of mineral soil analysis procedures in peat soils is considered unsuitable. Peat soil is vulnerable to disturbance, which leads to the damage of peat inert structure, such as the sifting and ...drying process. The objective of this study was to obtain the proper methods of preparation and extraction to be used in peat soils that can reflect the conditions on field. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Soil Science Department UGM by using the peat soil samples taken from Padang Island, Riau, arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three factors (peat soil preparation, the extraction method, and the levelof peat maturity). The variables observed included the available cation and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of the peat soil. The results showed that there was no significant effect of the treatment interactions on each variable observed. The preparation method for original soil at each level of peat maturity reflected more of the physical condition on the field more than other methods. Meanwhile, sapric peat showed significant effect on cations and CEC. After being converted to bulk density (BD) values at each level of peat maturity, the result of the leaching extraction method showed that the value of available cation and CEC that reflected more of the value on the field. The peat soil analysis method should be carried out without air drying and shaking extraction treatment for further research.
Peat soil is rich in organic matter, which is the main reason for its poor engineering properties. The content and compositions of organic matter of peat soil lead to the various physical and ...mechanical properties of this kind of soil. In order to clarify the influence of organic matter content, a series of laboratory tests are conducted on dozens of groups of amorphous peat soil samples with different organic matter content, and the laws of physics, deformation, strength and permeability with organic matter content are systematically analyzed. In order to compare the difference in engineering properties caused by the different organic matter components, the experimental data of the fiber peat soil from domestic and foreign literatures are collected and compared systematically with the physical and mechanical indexes of the amorphous peat soil. The results show that there is a certain linear relationship between the basic physical and mechanical indexes of the amorphous peat soil and the organic matter conten
Trichoderma sp. is a saprophytic fungus found in various environments, one of which is in the rhizosphere of oil palm plants which can be used to control Ganoderma and increase the resistance of oil ...palm plants from stem rot disease. This study aimed to characterize the morphology of Trichoderma spp. origin of peat land in oil palm plantations in Kampar Regency and screening the potential in controlling Ganoderma sp. Trichoderma spp. from oil palm rhizosphere was collected from the smallholder oil palm plantations in Deli Makmur Village, Kampar, Indonesia. This research was conducted by several observations, such as the hypovirulence test; identification of the morphology of Trichoderma spp. fungus; growth and diameter test of Trichoderma spp. fungus; test of the inhibitory ability of Trichoderma spp. fungus against Ganoderma sp. LPTUNRI-Gan002 isolate; test for hyperparasitism of the fungus Trichoderma spp., which has high antagonistic power against Ganoderma sp. isolate. Six Trichoderma spp. isolates had morphological characteristics similar to two species, i.e., Trichoderma harzianum (LPTUNRI-Trc001, Trc004, Trc005, and Trc006 isolates) and Trichoderma asperellum (LPTUNRI-Trc002 and Trc003). LPTUNRI-Trc003 had the highest diameter (90 mm), growth rate (32.66 mm/day), and the highest ability to suppress Ganoderma sp. LPTUNRI-Gan002 (91.03%) compared to the other five isolates.
Peatland plays an important role not just as a carbon store but also in facilitating the flux of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. Apart from that, peatland is also home to a diverse population ...of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Actinomycetes were known to be one of the most ubiquitous microbes that can be found in most of the soil types including peat soil. In this study, seventy isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from the peat soil using the soil dilution method. The 70 isolates of actinomycetes were later screened for their ability to produce secondary metabolites and antimicrobial activities using the agar diffusion method before the selected potential isolates were identified by targeting their 16S rRNA region. The results obtained showed 34.3% produce cellulase followed by, 12.8, 31.7, 80.0, and 51.4% for mannanase, xylanase, lipase, and protease respectively. The percentage of actinomycetes producing antimicrobial activity was 27.1 and 21.4% for Ralstonia solanacearum and Colletotrichum gleosporioides respectively. All the selected isolates of actinomycetes were identified as belonging to the genus of Streptomycetes spp. The potential actinomycetes were stored in freeze-dried form for future usage. This study showed that more diverse population of actinomycetes was obtained from the undisturbed forested peat soil area ecosystem compared to the agricultural peat soil area.
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•Peat MFCs with iron winding generated high potential of 1 V.•Six PDW44.5 type MFCs lighted an LED for 288 h.•Synergy of microbial decomposition and Fe – HS complexation generated ...high power.•The presence of iron winding in Peat MFC influenced a 40% rise in potential.•The cost of Peat MFC unit is estimated to be $1.412.
Although deemed unsuitable for construction, Peat soils have remarkable applications in MFCs by generating electric power because of the microbial decomposition of rich organic matter. The demerits such as weak skeleton, high water content, acidic nature, and humus contamination of peat soil for civil engineering applications are considered merits in microbial fuel cell applications. Peat soil-based Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), the first of its kind among MFCs, are explored to generate electric power as high as 6 V when six MFCs connected in a series and lighted up an LED for 288 h. The performance of peat MFCs as a function of bamboo waste, fulvic acid, iron winding and surface area of the BC anode has been discussed in this work. The synergistic effect of organic decomposition by microbes and Fe complexation with humic substances (HS) has been detailed to be responsible for the cause of electric power in Peat MFCs. ATP measurement in peat soils after defined time periods confirmed the growth of microbial population, which successfully degraded the organic matter in MFCs. The characterization of BC anode and GAC cathode using FTIR, Raman, SEM with EDS, BET isotherm studies substantiated the structural modification and porous nature of the fresh and the used electrodes. The EIS study was performed to determine the dynamics of internal resistances due to the degradation kinetics in Peat MFCs. The cost effectiveness and the sustainability of Peat MFCs towards green technology are detailed in this paper.
Background: Peatlands are marginal lands that have low soil pH, easy to experience nutrient retention and leaching. If this land is used for oil palm cultivation, it will affect its growth and ...production. These obstacles can be overcome by using fertilizer technology (Biochike+). Biochar Tankos is an organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste, which when combined with biochar chicken manure can be a highly nutritious organic fertilizer, plus Urea which can increase the total N of the soil. This study aims to examine the application of biochike+ fertilizer technology in peatlands to the growth of oil palm seedlings and the availability of N, P and K nutrients in peat soils. Methods: The research was conducted in polybags with 6 levels of Biochike+ (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6) and 5 replications so that there were 30 polybags. The parameters observed were the height and number of leaves every month for 3 months and the chemical properties of the soil after an incubation period of 1 month including pH, N, P and K of available soil. The design was completely randomized design (CRD). Result: The data obtained were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 5% significant difference test. showed that the application of Biochike 1 fertilizer (25% biochar Tankos: 75% biochar chicken manure: 100% Urea) gave the highest value to height growth and the availability of N,P,K nutrients in the soil. From an economic analysis, sales of Biochike+ at a price of 1.6 USD per kilogram at the biochar producer level, have provided a profitable value. There are 2 things that benefit from applying Biochike+ fertilizer, namely increasing crop yields and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
ABSTRACT
In the last decades, rewetting of drained peatlands is on the rise worldwide, to restore their significant carbon sink function. Despite the increasing understanding of peat microbiomes, ...little is known about the seasonal dynamics and network interactions of the microbial communities in these ecosystems, especially in rewetted fens (groundwater-fed peatlands). Here, we investigated the seasonal dynamics in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes in three common fen types in Northern Germany. The eukaryotic microbiomes, including fungi, protists and microbial metazoa, showed significant changes in their community structures across the seasons in contrast to largely unaffected prokaryotic microbiomes. Furthermore, our results proved that the dynamics in eukaryotic microbiomes in the rewetted sites differed between fen types, specifically in terms of saprotrophs, arbuscular mycorrhiza and grazers of bacteria. The co-occurrence networks also exhibited strong seasonal dynamics that differed between rewetted and drained sites, and the correlations involving protists and prokaryotes were the major contributors to these dynamics. Our study provides the insight that microbial eukaryotes mainly define the seasonal dynamics of microbiomes in rewetted fen peatlands. Accordingly, future research should unravel the importance of eukaryotes for biogeochemical processes, especially the under-characterized protists and metazoa, in these poorly understood ecosystems.
Eukaryotes, especially of under-characterized protists and microbial metazoa, are important in understanding the dynamics of soil food webs and ecosystem functionality of fen peatlands.
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