Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) production in Indonesia and Malaysia is currently the focus of concern due to its potential impact on the environment via greenhouse gas emissions. Oil palm ...plantations have been reported to release large quantities of nitrous oxide (N ₂O) into the atmosphere, which is most likely linked to nitrogen (N) fertilizer use. However, there are still limited studies comparing effects of the type of soil and N fertilizer on N ₂O and carbon dioxide (CO ₂) emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil types and N fertilizer on N ₂O and CO ₂ emissions in oil palm plantations. N ₂O and CO ₂ emissions were measured for 15–16 months from 2010–2012 in Tunggal sandy loam soil, Indonesia, and in Simunjan sandy soil and Tatau peat soil, Malaysia. Within each site, treatments with coated fertilizer and conventional fertilizer, and unfertilized with and without tillage, were established. N ₂O and CO ₂ fluxes showed high variabilities with seasons, types of soil and fertilizer treatments. The mean of the N ₂O fluxes from each treatment in the Simunjan sandy soil was the lowest among the three soils, ranging from 0.80 to 3.81 and 1.63 to 5.34 μg N m ⁻² h ⁻¹ in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The mean of the N ₂O fluxes from each treatment in the Tunggal sandy loam soil ranged from 27.4 to 89.7 and 6.27 to 19.1 μg N m ⁻² h ⁻¹ in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The mean of the N ₂O fluxes was found to be the highest among the three soils in each treatment of the Tatau peat soil, ranging from 131 to 523 and 66.1 to 606 μg N m ⁻² h ⁻¹ in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The N application rate of coated fertilizer was about half that of conventional fertilizer and was applied as deep placement. In the Tungal soil, coated fertilizer reduced N ₂O emissions by 31 and 48% in wet and dry seasons, respectively, compared to the conventional fertilizer, and was similar to unfertilized treatment. However, N ₂O emissions increased in Simunjan and Tatau soils during dry seasons. There was no significant difference between treatments. These results show that N ₂O and CO ₂ fluxes in the tropical oil palm plantations were significantly affected by the type of soil, but not always by fertilizer treatments.
Peat soils are highly heterogeneous and considered problematic because they have a high moisture content and low shear strength. It requires stabilization to enhance its engineering properties before ...it is transformed into a viable construction material. The use of geopolymers as stabilizer materials for weak soils has been on the rise recently due to their low carbon footprint compared to the use of conventional stabilizer materials like cement. Geopolymerization occurs as a result of the alkali activation of aluminosilicate materials. In this study, peat soil and the aluminosilicate materials Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) are characterized to assess their suitability as geopolymer precursor materials. A series of laboratory studies were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of the materials, such as particle size distribution, moisture and organic content, specific gravity, pH, and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the XRD, XRF, and FESEM tests were carried out to ascertain the mineral characteristics, elemental chemical composition, and morphological characteristics of these materials, respectively. The peat soil is classified as hemic peat with sufficient aluminosilicate content (Si/Al ratio of 2.11). The POFA is identified as Class F pozzolan with adequate Si+Al+Fe oxide content (67.9%), as stipulated by ASTM C618. The GGBFS material was found to be appropriate for geopolymer production, with a Si/Al ratio of 2.17, a hydration modulus of 2.38 (good hydration), and a basicity coefficient of 1.32 (alkaline material favorable for geopolymerization). Based on the geopolymer precursor material suitability assessment criteria, all the materials assessed were deemed suitable for geopolymerization, and the effectiveness of POFA-GGBFS geopolymer to improve peat soil properties should be studied in depth. At present, there are limited studies pertaining to the use of alkali-activated POFA-GGBFS blends to improve peat soil properties. As a result of this material characterization phase, planned works involving the compressive strength testing program on alkali-activated POFA-GGBFS-peat soil blends at ambient temperature will be carried out in the near future. The eventual aim of this research is to remediate the peat soil to be repurposed as road subgrade material. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-02-07 Full Text: PDF
Soil properties are very important to be well understood before planting any crop.
Different types of soil will possess different properties. The properties of soil will
influence the yield and ...quality of crops. For instance, poor soil properties will produce
low quality of okra, thus reducing consumer demand. It is necessary to find conditions that
are suitable for soil in order to get the best okra quality to fulfil the demand of consumers.
The purpose of this research is to determine the physiological quality of harvested okra on
different types of soil which are peat soil (T1), mineral soil (T2) and alluvium soil (T3).
Each treatment was replicated five times and was applied with the same amount of
fertilizer (NPK 12: 12: 17: 2); 10 g. Parameters in term of quality of physical appearances
were taken once after the fruits were harvested. The parameters taken include the length of
fruit (cm), the diameter of fruit (mm), the colour of fruits and fruit tenderness. Parameters
for growth performance were also taken for each treatment. The result obtained shows a
high significant difference in term of physical features of okra such as length of fruit (cm),
the diameter of fruit (mm) and fruit tenderness for each treatment. Harvested alluvium soil
-based okra was found to be the most promising for fruit yield, physical quality and
quantitative characteristics. This is because the result of parameters of alluvium soil (T3)
is higher than peat soil and mineral soil in term of length of fruits; 17.18 cm, diameter of
fruit; 19.42, yield produced; 9.8 and tenderness; 9.2. The T3 soil also has rich in
micronutrients especially potassium. In conclusion, properties of soil whether chemically
or physically will influence the yield and quality of crops either directly or indirectly.
In the process of foundation pit excavation, the soil mass in different parts shows dynamic destruction characteristics due to diverse unloading mechanics. In order to study the complex unloading ...stress path in the foundation excavation, the TSZ-1S stress control triaxial compression apparatus is used to carry out the loading and unloading tests of the lacustrine sedimentary peat soil under the conditions of consolidation undrained and K0 consolidation, respectively, and the test scheme is formulated according to different unloading conditions such as lateral, axial and axial lateral meantime unloading, so as to simulate the stress-strain curves of soil under different unloading paths in the foundation excavation and the variation laws of strength and initial tangent modulus under unloading shear failure. The test results show that the stress-strain characteristics of soil are closely related to the stress path, and the stress-strain curves under each path are approximately hyperbolic. The strength of unloadi
The nanomagnetite/HA-Chitosan adsorbent has been successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method. HA was synthesized from the peat soils of Geragai village, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi ...province and chitosan isolated from marine animal shell waste around the city of Jambi. The results of FT-IR analysis showed that nanomagnetite/AH-chitosan has a spectra which was combination of the characteristic spectra of magnetite, HA and chitosan. Morphological analysis using SEM showed that nanomagnetite/AH-chitosan was in the form of fractal agglomerates. TEM image of magnetite/AH-chitosan showed that magnetite/AH-chitosan has nano scale magnetite core particles with a size between 4-22 nm. Crystallinity analysis showed that magnetite/AH-chitosan has 2θ characteristics of magnetite i.e., 30.1°, 35.4°, 43.1°, 57.0°, 62.68° and 74.5°. The magnetic saturation strength (Ms) decreased from 80.23 (magnetite) to 30.63 (magnetite/AH-chitosan) due to the coating of AH-chitosan on magnetite which was still effectively attracted by the external magnet with 96% effectiveness of adsorption of 25 mL Methylene Blue 10 mg/L.
Peat Soil Improvement Method Using Woven Bamboo and Cerucuk Dewi, Ratna; Hastuti, Yulia; Sutejo, Yulindasari ...
International journal on advanced science, engineering and information technology,
08/2020, Volume:
10, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Most of the land in South Sumatera is the problematic soil, one of that is peat. Peat has low soil bearing capacity, and it becomes a problem when construction is built. Before the installation ...process, it is necessary to handle that soil. Soil improvement that can be done on peat to increase the bearing capacity value is the reinforcement method or physical stabilization. The results of research on woven bamboo and cerucuk are used as reinforcement material, which is expected to be an alternative to improve soil bearing capacity. The research methodology used was on the scale of the laboratory and analyzed by comparing the soil bearing capacity without reinforcement in bearing capacity ratio (BCR). The maximum bearing capacity with cerucuk reinforcement and without woven bamboo is 39.33 kPa with variations of the two outer rods of the left and right sides from 750 angle toward the foundation plane. However, using the 3 layers of reinforcement woven bamboo that is combined with cerucuk, which has diameter 1,5 cm and length 60 cm generates the highest soil bearing capacity value. The maximum of bearing capacity is 58 kPa. The BCR is 10,88 or in percentage is 988,2%, or 10 times greater than bearing capacity without reinforcement. So, it can be inferred that woven bamboo and cerucuk are used as an alternative to improve bearing capacity on peat soil.
Understanding peatland hydrological processes and phenomena is critical for peatland management. Peat soils have a complex pore structure that affects hydrological processes. However, the micro-scale ...characteristics of peat pore space and their impact on hydraulic and transport properties have not been deeply investigated. This study characterized the pores in peat soil using 2D/3D X-ray computed tomography images and examined the connection between pore features and the simulated permeability. There were no apparent variations in porosity or pore morphology in different directions for peat soils with different degrees of decomposition at the pore scale. Peat soil with a high degree of decomposition had more numerous smaller pores with lower pore connectivity and higher tortuosity. Spherical pores were the highest proportion of total pores in peat soils, followed by ellipsoidal, long columnar, and branching pores. The diameters of spherical and ellipsoidal pores were small and isolated, and thus water in the peat soil flows preferentially through the more connected columnar and branching pores. The high permeability in peat soils was closely associated with the high porosity and abundance of well-connected and low tortuosity pore networks. The results of this study can provide insights into the underlying hydrological processes and also provide realistic parameters for use in multi-scale 3D digital soil-structure models and numerical simulations.
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