The antibiotic activity produced in the co-cultures of Rhizopus peka P8 and Bacillus subtilis IFO3335 (inhibition zone of 25 mm) was higher than that in each of the pure cultures (inhibition zones of ...0-15 mm). Both the concentration of B. subtilis and its mixing time with R. peka influenced the antibiotic production. The optimum condition was when the culture was inoculated at the same time with equal numbers of viable B. subtilis cells and R. peka spores. When the cell free culture broth of one was mixed with either the cell free culture broth or the cell free extract of the other and incubated at 30degC for 18 h, the antibiotic activity in the mixture was higher than that in the individual culture broth or cell extract. There was no antibiotic activity in a mixture that was not incubated at 30degC. Furthermore, the antibiotic activity was lost when either the cell free culture broth or the cell free extract was heat-treated (121degC, 20 min), indicating the involvement of an enzyme from B. subtilis in producing the active antibiotic from R. peka. Thus, the presence of B. subtilis in the culture effectively influences the production of the antibiotic from R. peka.
Dibuat formulasi zat penguat lapisan peka sinar yang komponen utamanya adalah gondorukem. Gondorukem dicairkan dengan beberapa pelarut organik selektif sampai kekentalan tertentu. Untuk meningkatkan ...laju pengeringan, sistem larutan gondorukem setelah diberi stabilisator diemulsikan dengan kecepatan pengadukan 5000 RPM (konstant, selama 5 menit dengan pengemulsinya dibuat variatif.
Formulasi yang mempunyai tingkat ketahanan optimal ditentukan sebagai berikut: zat penguat lapisan peka cahaya setelah dioleskan diatas lapisan peka sinar (pada kasa cap) diamati laju pengeringannya kemudian diuji ketahanannya terhadap gosokan (mekanik) dan pasta zat warna (kimia). Nilai ketahanannya dibandingkan dengan ketahanan zat penguat peka sinar yang biasa dipakai seperti: lak merah, renyulux dan kopal vernis.
Dari hasil percobaan, ternyata bahwa formulasi yang menggunakan pelarut organik terpentin dan emulsifier TS memberikan ketahanan yang paling baik dengan laju pengeringan sekitar 3 jam (alamiah) atau 2 jam (dibantu kipas angin), nilai ketahanan gosok 3-4, sedikit lebih rendah dari nilai ketahanan gosok lak merah (4), sedang komposisinya sebagai berikut: gondorukem : terpentin = 1 : 1. asam sitrat 0,5%, air 5% dan pengemulsi 0,325% - 0,35%.
Dibuat formulasi zat penguat lapisan peka sinar yang komponen utamanya adalah gondorukem. Gondorukem dicairkan dengan beberapa pelarut organik selektif sampai kekentalan tertentu. Untuk meningkatkan laju pengeringan, sistem larutan gondorukem setelah diberi stabilisator diemulsikan dengan kecepatan pengadukan 5000 RPM (konstant, selama 5 menit dengan pengemulsinya dibuat variatif.
Formulasi yang mempunyai tingkat ketahanan optimal ditentukan sebagai berikut: zat penguat lapisan peka cahaya setelah dioleskan diatas lapisan peka sinar (pada kasa cap) diamati laju pengeringannya kemudian diuji ketahanannya terhadap gosokan (mekanik) dan pasta zat warna (kimia). Nilai ketahanannya dibandingkan dengan ketahanan zat penguat peka sinar yang biasa dipakai seperti: lak merah, renyulux dan kopal vernis.
Dari hasil percobaan, ternyata bahwa formulasi yang menggunakan pelarut organik terpentin dan emulsifier TS memberikan ketahanan yang paling baik dengan laju pengeringan sekitar 3 jam (alamiah) atau 2 jam (dibantu kipas angin), nilai ketahanan gosok 3-4, sedikit lebih rendah dari nilai ketahanan gosok lak merah (4), sedang komposisinya sebagai berikut: gondorukem : terpentin = 1 : 1. asam sitrat 0,5%, air 5% dan pengemulsi 0,325% - 0,35%.
There is no doubt that for years both sides of the political class in Albania have been sustained by behaving with conviction and with a temperate submissiveness towards the 'international players', ...not only the Americans, but also the Greeks. For many reasons -- maybe one of the major reasons being that the political classes here are enjoying less and less popular support -- they look for international support from the 'Great Powers' at any cost. They understand that the only way to gain support is to behave like an obedient student when work, orders, requests or ultimatums from international diplomats are given in absolute terms. Some examples are the 'signature' with former Greek Foreign Affairs Minister Bakojanis Dora Bakoyannis over the sea border, Berlusconi's Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi repeated and open request for "Albanian females," and Ambassador Christopher Dell's text messages that sent an ultimatum order to Kosovo's leaders in the Assembly about the choice of Pacolli as president of the Republic. No subordinate of the Italian emperor, Jakomoni Count Francesco Jacomoni, minister to the Kingdom of Albania, from 1936 to 1939, would have acted in such a way over appointments in the traitor government of Tirana. Already the uncertainty of the elections has created an unusual atmosphere where it is rare that someone sleeps a night without pondering the manipulation of Sali Berisha's 'professional' clan. Today there is not an Albanian who does not doubt that these elections will include manipulation, theft, vote rigging, and so on. However, no one can say precisely how. There are voices who claim that it can be said to a poor man: lend me your identity card on 8 May so that you can earn five thousand leks for nothing. I am not sure how true this might be, but the fact that such rumours are circulating explains the climate that dominates. In this highly charged political climate, violence between militants in Kamez, Bathore, and Pogradec, and slander and mutual run-ins between 'election flags and tents' are nothing other than the prologue to this soccer match, where they are playing for life and death and where the 'me or you' mentality already seems normal. Furthermore, as in soccer matches, in politics it seems normal to buy or sell the match, or to pay off the judges. Now, on the right there are allies of the left, former sworn enemies. This is not only the parties but also prominent analysts and vice versa. Today no one is surprised by political transvestites, on the contrary, moral 'inconsistency' is called emancipation, value, democratic development, a real opportunity to quickly become rich and famous! All of these things added together are the foundation of tomorrow's instability.
Sestavimo nageljčke, planike in drugo cvetje. Obrobo naredimo iz kačice. Pečemo v pečici na 200 stopinj Celzija in še tople premažemo z mlačno medeno vodo.
Iz polovice temne moke, polovice medu in noževe konice vzhajalnega sredstva umesimo gladko testo. Isti postopek naredimo z belo moko, le da so količine manjše.
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