The mechanics of underwater supercavitating projectiles are currently being extensively
researched. The disadvantage of such projectiles is their movement instability. There is
a proposal to use ...stern planing plates to stabilize projectile’s movement. However, the
hydrodynamic characteristics of planing plates are known only for low subsonic speeds.
This article describes a load study on a planing plate at subsonic, transonic and supersonic speeds with detached and attached shock waves. The obtained calculation results of normal forces satisfactorily agree with the known theoretical solutions and experimental data and can be used to calculate the motion stabilization of supercavitating underwater projectiles with planing stern plates.
Aim
A moderate acute‐phase response occurs 24‐h following full‐mouth non‐surgical treatment (FM‐SRP). The aim of this study was to compare acute‐phase (24‐h) and medium‐term (3 months) inflammation ...after quadrant scaling (Q‐SRP) versus FM‐SRP.
Material & Methods
Thirty‐eight periodontitis‐affected subjects were randomly allocated to FM‐SRP or Q‐SRP after a baseline visit. Periodontal and anthropometric parameters were collected at baseline and 3 months. Serum samples were drawn at baseline, 1, 7, and 90 days after treatment. High‐sensitivity assays of inflammation and endothelial assays were performed.
Results
FM‐SRP produced a greater acute‐phase response after 24 h threefold increase in C‐reactive protein (CRP), twofold increase in interleukin (IL‐6), and a slight increase in tumour necrosis factor. No differences in systemic biomarkers were noted between groups at any later follow‐ups. Both periodontal treatments produced a comparable improvement in clinical periodontal parameters with no between‐group differences. Treatment time was positively associated with the relative 24‐h increase in CRP (R = 0.5, p < 0.001) and IL‐6 (R = 0.5, p = 0.002), while the number of deeper (>6 mm) pockets predicted only the relative increase in IL‐6 (R = 0.4, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
FM‐SRP triggers a moderate acute‐phase response of 24 h duration compared to Q‐SRP. Further research is needed to assess the eventual impact of such findings on the risk of vascular events is advocated. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01857804).
Background and Aim: This study aimed to provide an overview about the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP alone in non-surgical ...periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with a minimum duration of 3 months, evaluating PDT+SRP versus SRP alone in non-surgical periodontal treatment of patients diagnosed with aggressive or chronic periodontitis who had at least 2 teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm, and in vitro studies evaluating the effect of adjunctive PDT on proliferation or viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were included. An electronic search of the literature was carried out mainly through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar for relevant English articles published from January 2011 to January 2021 using the following keywords: "photodynamic therapy" and “periodontitis" or “periodontal diseases”. Results: Twelve articles were reviewed in this study. Analysis of the clinical attachment level (CAL), PD, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and microbiological counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) demonstrated variable outcomes. Five articles revealed significant improvement of clinical parameters in the PDT groups compared with the control group (P<0.05); five studies reported significant improvement of CAL (P<0.05). However, three studies found no significant difference between PDT and control groups in terms of CAL (P>0.05). Conclusion: PDT+SRP could help improve the periodontal parameters, compared with SRP alone. Further studies are required to reach a stronger conclusion regarding the superiority of one over the other.
According to Logvinovich cavity dependent expansion principle, a cavity developed by cavitator has memory effect, which arises cavity deformation at aft part of a supercavitating vehicle and leads ...time delay of travel state. This delay affects the dynamic behavior through changing hydrodynamic and moment on the control surface, and even induces instability. This paper focuses on the time delay effect of the underwater supercavitating vehicle, and a simplified dynamic model of underwater supercavitating vehicle with delay was established. First, a planing force was simplified in straight level state, then a simplified model of supercavitating vehicle with delay in longitude plane was obtained. Taking depth, pitch angle, vertical speed and pitch rate as state variant,
H
∞
state feedback controller was designed by linear matrix inequality (LMI) and Lyapunov stable theory was exploited to prove the asymptotic stability of the system. Simulation results show that, the controlled system is effectiveness for both simplified model and non-simplified model and it can track reference command signal.
Aim
To analyse the efficacy of non‐surgical therapy (NST) in terms of pocket closure (PC) and changes in percentage and number of pockets.
Materials and Methods
Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and ...Scopus) were searched up to January 2020. Prospective studies with a minimum follow‐up of 12 months and presenting data in terms of PC or number or percentage of pocket depths (PDs) before and after NST on systemically healthy patients were included. Random‐effect meta‐analyses were performed.
Results
After screening 4610 titles and s, 27 studies were included. Of these, 63.9% of PC was reported by one study. The percentage of PDs ≤3 mm changed from 39.06% to 64.11% with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 26.14% (p < .001). This accounted for a relative increase of healthy sites of 64.13%. The mean percentage of PD ≥5 mm was 28.23% and 11.71% before and after treatment, respectively, with a WMD of 15.50% (p < .001). The WMD in the number of PDs ≥5 mm before and after treatment was 24.42 (p = .036). The mean number of residual PPD ≥5 after NST was 14.13.
Conclusions
NST is able to eradicate the majority of the pockets. However, residual pockets after NST may remain and should be considered cautiously for further treatment planning.
A renewed interest in conservative surgical techniques has been fueled by new technology, changes in referral patterns to periodontists and a desire to achieve periodontal health in the least ...invasive, most cost‐efficient manner possible. Trends suggest that an increasing amount of periodontal care is being provided in the offices of general dentists. If true, it is likely that patients receiving care in these offices will be offered simpler surgical treatment modalities that do not require an extensive armamentarium. The purpose of this article was to review the effectiveness of six relatively simple surgical techniques – gingivectomy, flap debridement, modified Widman flap, excisional new attachment procedure, modified excisional new attachment procedure and laser‐assisted new attachment procedure – and to compare the results obtained using these procedures with the well‐known clinical benefits of scaling and root planing. The intent was to determine whether the benefits of surgical procedures in the hands of most general dentists extend beyond those of conventional nonsurgical therapy.
Background and Objective
Full‐mouth scaling and root planing (FM‐SRP) acts as a potent inflammatory stimulus immediately after treatment; however, systemic inflammation typically improves in the long ...term. The contribution of FM‐SRP to systemic biological and acute‐phase responses is largely unknown. The purpose of this prospective intervention study was to assess the systemic and local biological responses after FM‐SRP.
Material and Methods
Thirty‐one patients with generalized moderate‐to‐severe chronic periodontitis received 1‐stage FM‐SRP. Measurement of clinical parameters and body temperature as well as collection of subgingival plaque, peripheral blood and gingival crevicular fluid was performed before and after treatment 2 or 3 times. Quantification of periodontopathic bacteria in the sulcus and measurement of corresponding serum IgG titers were performed. Systemic and local inflammatory markers such as endotoxin, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and 6 inflammatory cytokines were assessed using high‐sensitivity assays.
Results
Compared to baseline values, FM‐SRP resulted in a substantial improvement in clinical parameters (P < .05), lower bacterial counts (P < .01) and a significant decrease of IgG titers against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P < .001) 6 weeks after treatment. Comparing baseline parameters to those at 1 day post‐treatment, there was a statistically significant elevation in body temperature (P = .007). In addition, a 5‐fold increase in hs‐CRP (P < .001), a remarkable increase in interferon‐γ (P < .001) and a slight increase in interleukin (IL)‐12p70 (P = .001) were detected in serum samples. In the gingival crevicular fluid, marked increases in hs‐CRP (P < .001), IL‐5 (P = .001), IL‐6, IL‐12p70 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (P < .001 for the latter 3 markers) were noted 1 day after treatment. Endotoxin levels were below measurable limits for most time points.
Conclusion
FM‐SRP resulted in clinical and microbiological improvement 6 weeks post‐treatment, but produced a moderate systemic acute‐phase response including elevated inflammatory mediators 1 day post‐treatment.
Periodontitis is a common disorder affecting >40% of adults in the United States. Globally, the severe form of the disease has a prevalence of 11%. In advanced cases, periodontitis leads to tooth ...loss and reduced quality of life. The aetiology of periodontitis is multifactorial. Subgingival dental biofilm elicits a host inflammatory and immune response, ultimately leading to irreversible destruction of the periodontium (i.e. alveolar bone and periodontal ligament) in a susceptible host. In order to successfully manage periodontitis, dental professionals must understand the pathogenesis, primary aetiology, risk factors, contributing factors and treatment protocols. Careful diagnosis, elimination of the causes and reduction of modifiable risk factors are paramount for successful prevention and treatment of periodontitis. Initial non-surgical periodontal therapy primarily consists of home care review and scaling and root planing. For residual sites with active periodontitis at periodontal re-evaluation, a contemporary regenerative or traditional resective surgical therapy can be utilised. Thereafter, periodontal maintenance therapy at a regular interval and long-term follow-ups are also crucial to the success of the treatment and long-term retention of teeth. The aim of this review is to provide current concepts of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontitis. Both clinical and biological rationales will be discussed.
This review aims to evaluate the adjunctive clinical effectiveness of diode laser (DL) to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis, and identify the optimal combination of ...usage mode and application regimen of DL. Eight electronic databases were searched up to January 2021. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were assessed at short-term (4–6 weeks), 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. Based on DL usage mode, studies were divided into three groups: inside, outside pocket, and combined modes. As for application regimen, studies in each group were further subdivided into single- and multiple-session subgroups. Thirty randomized controlled trials with 825 participants were included. For inside mode, single-session DL showed significant improvements for PPD (short-term, and 3-month,
p
< 0.05), CAL (short-term, and 3-month,
p
< 0.05), PI (3- and 6-month,
p
< 0.05), and GI (short-term, 3-month, and 6-month,
p
< 0.05). For outside mode, multiple-session DL showed notable improvements for most clinical outcomes (
p
< 0.05). The effect of combined mode was still uncertain. Adjunctive DL had additional clinical benefits in the treatment of periodontitis. One session laser treatment is suggested when DL is applied inside pocket in future clinical practice. Meanwhile, more than one session laser treatment presents better outcomes when DL is used outside pocket. PROSPERO: CRD42020156162
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