Aim
The aim of this randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri‐containing probiotic lozenges as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP).
...Material and Methods
Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were recruited and monitored clinically and microbiologically at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after therapy. All patients received one‐stage full‐mouth disinfection and randomly assigned over a test (SRP + probiotic, n = 15) or control (SRP + placebo, n = 15) group. The lozenges were used two times a day for 12 weeks.
Results
At week 12, all clinical parameters were significantly reduced in both groups, while there was significantly more pocket depth reduction (p < 0.05) and attachment gain (p < 0.05) in moderate and deep pockets; more Porphyromonas gingivalis reduction was observed in the SRP + probiotic group.
Conclusions
The results indicate that oral administration of L. reuteri lozenges could be a useful adjunct to SRP in chronic periodontitis.
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Periodontitis consists of a progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Considering that probiotics are being proposed as a support to the gold standard treatment Scaling-and-Root-Planing ...(SRP), this study aims to assess two new formulations (toothpaste and chewing-gum). 60 patients were randomly assigned to three domiciliary hygiene treatments: Group 1 (SRP + chlorhexidine-based toothpaste) (control), Group 2 (SRP + probiotics-based toothpaste) and Group 3 (SRP + probiotics-based toothpaste + probiotics-based chewing-gum). At baseline (T
) and after 3 and 6 months (T
-T
), periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, along with microbiological ones by means of a commercial kit. As to the former, no significant differences were shown at T
or T
, neither in controls for any index, nor in the experimental groups for adherent gingiva and gingival recession. Conversely, some significant differences were found in Group 2 and 3 for the other clinical indexes tested. Considering microbiological parameters, no significant differences were detected compared to baseline values for any group, except in Group 2 and 3 at T
only for the percentage of the orange complex pathogens and for the copies/microliter of
and
. Accordingly, although colonization of probiotic bacteria has not been assessed in this study, the probiotics tested represent a valid support to SRP with a benefit on several clinical indexes and on specific periodontopathogens. Despite this promising action, the relationship between the use of probiotics and improvement in clinical parameters is still unclear and deserves to be further explored.
Background
Extensive reviews on the role of scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis have been previously published. This commentary will address the importance of subgingival ...calculus in the progression and treatment of periodontitis and addresses factors that make the execution of a “definitive” SRP a critical part of therapy.
Methods
A search for articles, using keywords relevant to the subject , (e.g., periodontitis, dental scaling, root planing, dental calculus, biofilm, inflammation) was conducted using PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Reviews and the ADA Center for Evidence Based Dentistry data bases. Additionally, references cited in relevant articles were also considered.
Results
Surfaces of subgingival calculus are covered with a biofilm of metabolically active bacteria. Periodontal inflammation is clearly related to the presence of calculus and biofilm. The primary goal of SRP is removal of subgingival calculus and biofilm deposits to create a biologically compatible root surface and reduce the inflammatory burden. Current evidence suggests that inflammation associated with periodontal infections affects both the immediate oral environment and the patient's systemic health.
Conclusion
SRP is still critical to the treatment of periodontitis. SRP involving deep probing depths (≥ 5 mm) and root surfaces with anatomical and surface irregularities, regardless of the type of instrumentation, requires time, exceptional skill and perseverance, and patient compliance with periodontal maintenance. Sites with persistent nonresponding probing depths and signs of inflammation following a definitive SRP, should be considered for surgical intervention.
Aim
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lozenges containing L. reuteri as an adjuvant treatment to initial periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis patients and to detect ...the level of L. reuteri colonization in the periodontal pockets of treated patients.
Material and Methods
A total of 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Each patient had at least two teeth with one approximal site each with a probing depth (PD) of 5–7 mm and gingival index (GI) of ≥2 in each quadrant. Group I received scaling and root planing (SRP) plus L. reuteri‐containing lozenges, and Group II received SRP plus placebo. The plaque index (PI), GI, bleeding on probing (BoP), PD and relative attachment level were measured. Microbiological sampling was performed at baseline and on days 21, 90, 180 and 360 and were analysed by culturing. The Bonferroni‐corrected paired sample t‐test, Bonferroni‐corrected Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired sample t‐test were used to evaluate intra‐group differences. The Bonferroni‐corrected Student's t‐test and the Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to evaluate inter‐group differences.
Results
After treatment, the measured PI, GI, BoP and PD were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in Group I compared with Group II at all time points. Similar observations were made for the total viable cell counts and the proportions of obligate anaerobes with the exception of day 360. In Group I, significantly fewer patients required surgery on ≥3 sites.
Conclusion
L. reuteri‐containing lozenges may be a useful adjuvant agent to slow re‐colonization and improve clinical outcomes of chronic periodontitis. Further studies are required to clarify the optimal dose of the lozenges.
To evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (ScRp) for healing shallow periodontal pockets.
Twelve patients with periodontitis were enrolled in ...this split-mouth, randomized clinical trial. A total of 24 shallow periodontal pockets (4–6 mm) were treated by either ScRp alone (control) or PRF (test). Clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PLI), as well as platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were measured at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-up visits.
At 1- and 3-month follow-up visits, greater CAL gains (2.6 ± 0.25 mm and 3.26 ± 0.31 mm, respectively) and PPD reductions (2.58 ± 0.38 and 3.31 ± 0.39 mm, respectively) were observed in the test group compared to those in controls (CAL gain of 1.01 ± 0.49 mm and 1.43 ± 0.48 mm; PPD reduction of 1.1 ± 0.55 and 1.37 ± 0.49 mm, respectively). In addition, the increase in PDGF-BB in GCF in the test group (724.5 ± 186.09 pg/μl and 1957.5 ± 472.9 pg/μl) was significantly greater than that in controls (109.3 ± 24.07 and 614.64 ± 209.3 pg/μl) at 1- and 3-month follow-up visits, respectively.
The noninvasive use of PRF as an adjunct to ScRp successfully improved clinical periodontal parameters and might contribute to increased PDGF-BB in GCF.
Periodontal disease represents a progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Recently, paraprobiotics are regarded as an adjunctive therapy to the non-surgical Scaling-and-Root-Planing ...(SRP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two new formulations of paraprobiotics, a toothpaste and a mouthwash, respectively, for the domiciliary hygiene. A total of 40 patients were randomly assigned to the following domiciliary treatments: Group 1 (SRP + Curasept Intensive Treatment 0.2% chlorhexidine) (control) and Group 2 (SRP + Biorepair Peribioma toothpaste + Biorepair Peribioma Mousse mouthwash) (trial). At baseline (T
) and after 3 and 6 months (T
-T
), periodontal clinical (Bleeding on Probing, Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical Attachment Loss, Bleeding Score, Sulcus Bleeding Index, Plaque Index, Approximal Plaque Index, Adherent Gingiva, Gingival Recession, and Pathological Sites) and microbiological parameters (Pathological Bacteria, Saprophytic Bacteria, Enlarged Red Complex, Red Complex, Orange Complex, and counts of
,
,
,
,
, and
). The use of the experimental products resulted in a significant reduction of most of the clinical indices assessed, which occurred at a major degree with respect to the conventional chlorhexidine considered as control. Additionally, after 6 months of use, the abovementioned products significantly decreased the percentage of pathological bacteria and the counts of those bacteria constituting the "Red Complex", more related to the periodontal disease. Accordingly, the paraprobiotics-based products tested in this study seem to represent a valid support to SRP with a benefit on both clinical indices and on specific periodontopathogens.
Class IV dental diode lasers have been introduced as a nonsurgical therapy for periodontal pockets in veterinary and human dentistry. This retrospective case series evaluates the use of Class IV ...dental diode laser therapy for abnormal periodontal pockets in a specialty veterinary dental practice. A hypothesis that the Class IV diode dental laser is a useful adjuvant modality in canine periodontal pocket therapy in the reduction of clinical pocket depth was made. This article discusses and demonstrates diode laser use in periodontal pocket therapy in a specialty veterinary dental practice and reviews the current literature. Inclusion in this study was limited to client-owned dogs with noted periodontal pocketing on any tooth type between 3 and 6 mm, which were treated with closed root planing (RP/C) and laser therapy who returned in 6 to 7 months for recheck of the pockets from the years 2017 to 2020. Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 128 periodontal pockets were included in the study. Each periodontal pocket was a case receiving therapy. The mean periodontal pocket depth before the treatment is measured as 3.35 mm. The mean pocket depth of the periodontal pockets following treatment was 0.59 mm. The mean improvement in periodontal pocket depths after diode laser therapy when considering patient and tooth number using linear mixed-effects modeling was 2.63 mm (95% confidence interval CI: 1.81-3.46, P < .0001). No statistically significant results were observed for pocket type, as P values were greater than .05.
Experimental test is one of the methods for predicting drag ships using towing tank. This method has a good level of accuracy but requires quite complex equipment and costs. With the advancing ...technology of computing, the CFD method has emerged as an alternative for problem-solving, especially in hydrodynamics analysis. This study aims to ensure the accuracy of Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) by verifying experimental data on high-speed vessel using an interceptor. The Interceptor system generates a hydrodynamic lift force by intercepting the flow of water under the hull. Comparison of experimental results and numerical simulations will involve analysis of drag, heave and trim. Numerical simulations were carried out using ITTC recommendations as testing standards. This research uses the grid independence study method to ensure the accuracy of the mesh. CFD simulations were carried out using the overset mesh method and the k-epsilon to solve turbulence flow. The Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction (DFBI) module is employed to resolve the dynamic motion of the ship in order to assess hull movements based on by fluid forces and moments. There can be two degrees of freedom in the heave and pitch directions. All simulations are performed in calm water condition. Verification is carried out by reviewing the condition of the ship without an interceptor and with an interceptor. 100% stroke and 60% interceptor were used as variations of the verification of this study. The results of this study indicate that the CFD analysis has been verified by the experimental method with a maximum error range of 10.7%. Planing hull is a type of fast ship that has quite complex hydrodynamic characteristics. This study also shows that the use of interceptors is proven to improve the performance of the planing hull ship.
Periodontitis is a progressive destruction of both soft and hard tooth-supporting tissues. In the last years, probiotics have been proposed as a support to the gold standard treatment scaling and ...root planing (SRP), but no extensive literature is present as regards the effect of the more recent postbiotics. Thirty patients subjected to SRP were randomly assigned to two domiciliary hygiene treatments based on the following oral gels: the postbiotics-based Biorepair Parodontgel Intensive (Group 1) and the chlorhexidine-based Curasept Periodontal Gel (Group 2). At baseline (T
) and after 3 and 6 months (T
-T
), the following periodontal clinical parameters were recorded: Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), recession, dental mobility, Bleeding on Probing (BoP), and Plaque Control Record (PCR). A significant intragroup reduction was assessed in both groups for PPD, BoP, and PCR; conversely, recession significantly increased in both groups, whereas dental mobility did not vary. As regards intergroup comparisons, no statistically significant differences were assessed. Both gels, respectively, containing antioxidant natural ingredients and chlorhexidine, are effective for the domiciliary treatment of periodontitis. Further studies are required to evaluate the singular chemical compounds of the gels expected to exert the beneficial action assessed in this preliminary study.
This volume of Periodontology 2000 represents the 25th anniversary of the Journal, and uses the occasion to assess important advancements in periodontology over the past quarter‐century as well as ...the hurdles that remain. Periodontitis is defined by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The disease involves complex dynamic interactions among active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens and destructive immune responses. Periodontal diagnostics is currently based on clinical rather than etiologic criteria, and provides limited therapeutic guidance. Periodontal causative treatment consists of scaling, antiseptic rinses and occasionally systemic antibiotics, and surgical intervention has been de‐emphasized, except perhaps for the most advanced types of periodontitis. Plastic surgical therapy includes soft‐tissue grafting to cover exposed root surfaces and bone grafting to provide support for implants. Dental implants are used to replace severely diseased or missing teeth, but implant overuse is of concern. The utility of laser treatment for periodontitis remains unresolved. Host modulation and risk‐factor modification therapies may benefit select patient groups. Patient self‐care is a critical part of periodontal health care, and twice‐weekly oral rinsing with 0.10‐0.25% sodium hypochlorite constitutes a valuable adjunct to conventional anti‐plaque and anti‐gingivitis treatments. A link between periodontal herpesviruses and systemic diseases is a strong biological plausibility. In summary, research during the past 25 years has significantly changed our concepts of periodontitis pathobiology and has produced more‐effective and less‐costly therapeutic options.
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