Highlights • Efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus antibiotics in periodontitis was assessed. • Five randomized control trials (RCTs) were included. • Significant heterogeneity was found in ...the laser parameters. • None of the studies showed additional benefits of PDT at follow up. • More RCTs with standard laser parameters and longer follow ups are required.
In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) were evaluated for their ability to detect lipid bodies in microalgae. To do so, Phaeodactylum ...tricornutum and Nannochloropsis oculata cells were harvested in both the mid-exponential and early stationary growth phase. Two different cryo-SEM cutting methods were compared: cryo-planing and freeze-fracturing. The results showed that, despite the longer preparation time, TEM visualisation preceded by cryo-immobilisation allows a clear detection of lipid bodies and is preferable to cryo-SEM. Using freeze-fracturing, lipid bodies were rarely detected. This was only feasible if crystalline layers in the internal structure, most likely related to sterol esters or di-saturated triacylglycerols, were revealed. Furthermore, lipid bodies could not be detected using cryo-planing. Cryo-SEM is also not the preferred technique to recognise other organelles besides lipid bodies, yet it did reveal chloroplasts in both species and filament-containing organelles in cryo-planed Nannochloropsis oculata samples.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect on systemic inflammation of subgingival instrumentation (SI) with or without antibiotics. Moreover, systemic parameters were compared between ...periodontally healthy (PH) individuals and periodontitis patients.
Patients with generalized periodontitis: stage III and PH individuals were recruited. Forty eight periodontitis patients were randomly allocated to each treatment group; systemic antibiotics for seven days after completion of SI (AB group), or SI alone (SI group). Periodontal parameters, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and hematological parameters were assessed at baseline and at week 8. Multivariate analysis was applied to analyze predictive effect of treatment allocated and improvement in periodontal parameters on change in systemic parameters.
At baseline, hsCRP, total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil, and monocyte count were significantly higher in periodontitis patients. There was comparable reduction in neutrophil count in both treatment groups. At week 8, change in periodontal parameters was similar in treatment groups, except for probing pocket depth (PPD). Improvement in both PPD and clinical attachment level (CAL) and CAL alone was predictive of change in TLC and lymphocyte count, respectively.
This study failed to demonstrate the significant benefit of systemic antibiotics as an adjuvant to SI on improvement in periodontal inflammation and systemic inflammatory parameters, despite significantly higher reduction in PPDs.
Background
Periodontitis is chronic inflammation that causes damage to the soft tissues and bones supporting the teeth. Mild to moderate periodontitis affects up to 50% of adults. Conventional ...treatment is quadrant scaling and root planing. In an attempt to enhance treatment outcomes, alternative protocols for anti‐infective periodontal therapy have been introduced: full‐mouth scaling (FMS) and full‐mouth disinfection (FMD), which is scaling plus use of an antiseptic. This review updates our previous review of full‐mouth treatment modalities, which was published in 2008.
Objectives
To evaluate the clinical effects of 1) full‐mouth scaling (over 24 hours) or 2) full‐mouth disinfection (over 24 hours) for the treatment of chronic periodontitis compared to conventional quadrant scaling and root planing (over a series of visits at least one week apart). A secondary objective was to evaluate whether there was a difference in clinical effect between full‐mouth disinfection and full‐mouth scaling.
Search methods
The following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 26 March 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; The Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 2), MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 26 March 2015), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 26 March 2015) and CINAHL via EBSCO (1937 to 26 March 2015). We searched the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing studies. There were no restrictions regarding language or date of publication in the searches of the electronic databases. We scanned reference lists from relevant articles and contacted the authors of eligible studies to identify trials and obtain additional information.
Selection criteria
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with at least three months of follow‐up that evaluated full‐mouth scaling and root planing within 24 hours with adjunctive use of an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine (FMD) or without the use of antiseptic (FMS), compared to conventional quadrant scaling and root planing (control). Participants had a clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis according to the International Classification of Periodontal Diseases. We excluded studies of people with aggressive periodontitis, systemic disorders or who were taking antibiotics.
Data collection and analysis
Several review authors independently conducted data extraction and risk of bias assessment (which focused on method of randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding of examiners and completeness of follow‐up). Our primary outcome was tooth loss and secondary outcomes were change in probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing attachment (i.e. clinical attachment level; CAL), and adverse events. We followed the methodological guidelines of The Cochrane Collaboration.
Main results
We included 12 trials, which recruited 389 participants. No studies assessed the primary outcome tooth loss.
Ten trials compared FMS and control; three of these were assessed as being at high risk of bias, three as unclear risk and four as low risk. There was no evidence for a benefit for FMS over the control for change in probing pocket depth (PPD), gain in probing attachment (i.e. clinical attachment level; CAL) or bleeding on probing (BOP). The difference in changes between FMS and control for whole mouth PPD at three to four months was 0.01 mm higher (95% CI ‐0.17 to 0.19, three trials, 82 participants). There was no evidence of heterogeneity. The difference in changes for CAL was 0.02 mm lower (95% CI ‐0.26 to 0.22, three trials, 82 participants), and the difference in change in BOP was 2.86 per cent of sites lower (95% CI ‐7.65 to 1.93, four trials, 120 participants).
We included six trials in the meta‐analyses comparing FMD and control, with two trials assessed as being at high risk of bias, one as low and three as unclear. The analyses did not indicate a benefit for FMD over the control for PPD, CAL or BOP. The difference in changes for whole‐mouth PPD between FMD and control at three to four months was 0.13 mm higher (95% CI ‐0.09 to 0.34, two trials, 44 participants). There was no evidence of heterogeneity. The difference in changes for CAL was 0.04mm higher (95% CI ‐0.25 to 0.33, two trials, 44 participants) and the difference in change in BOP being 12.59 higher for FMD (95% CI ‐8.58 to 33.77, three trials, 68 participants).
Three trials were included in the analyses comparing FMS and FMD. The mean difference in PPD change at three to four months was 0.11 mm lower (‐0.34 to 0.12, two trials, 45 participants) indicating no evidence of a difference between the two interventions. There was a difference in the gain in CAL at three to four months (‐0.25 mm, 95% CI ‐0.42 to ‐0.07, two trials, 45 participants), favouring FMD but this was not found at six to eight months. There was no evidence for a difference between FMS and FMD for BOP (‐1.59, 95% CI ‐9.97 to 6.80, two trials, 45 participants).
Analyses were conducted for different teeth types (single‐ or multi‐rooted) and for teeth with different levels of probing depth at baseline, for PPD, CAL and BOP. There was insufficient evidence of a benefit for either FMS or FMD.
Harms and adverse events were reported in eight studies. The most important harm identified was an increased body temperature after FMS or FMD treatments.
We assessed the quality of the evidence for each comparison and outcome as 'low' because of design limitations leading to risk of bias and because of the small number of trials and participants, which led to imprecision in the effect estimates.
Authors' conclusions
The inclusion of five additional RCTs in this updated review comparing the clinical effects of conventional mechanical treatment with FMS and FMD approaches for the treatment of chronic periodontitis has not changed the conclusions of the original review. From the twelve included trials there is no clear evidence that FMS or FMD provide additional benefit compared to conventional scaling and root planing. In practice, the decision to select one approach to non‐surgical periodontal therapy over another should include patient preference and the convenience of the treatment schedule.
Background
This randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to compare the differences in periodontal clinical outcomes, duration of the procedure, and patient's experience between conventional ...scaling and root planing and erbium‐doped: yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) in the treatment of generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis or generalized Stages II or III, and Grade B periodontitis based on the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), American Academy of Periodontology (AAP), and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) definitions.
Methods
Thirty subjects were initially recruited. In a split‐mouth fashion, right and left sides were randomly allocated into two treatment arms: conventional scaling and root planing (C‐SRP) versus laser‐assisted scaling and root planing (L‐SRP). A blinded examiner recorded clinical measurements at baseline and 3 months. Duration of the procedure was also recorded for each visit, and the patient's experience was assessed with a questionnaire at baseline, 1, and 3 months.
Results
The final sample consisted of 26 subjects. Both treatments resulted in overall improvement, but no significant differences were found between modalities for clinical attachment gain or probing depth reduction. The duration of the procedure was approximately half for L‐SRP, and postoperative sensitivity was greater in C‐SRP.
Conclusions
The low‐energy protocol with Er:YAG (50 mJ) used for the non‐surgical treatment of moderate‐severe chronic or Stage II‐III, Grade B periodontitis performed in this study population was a treatment modality that yielded similar clinical improvements when compared to conventional scaling and root planing.
AbstractBackground: Weight gain is one of the predominantly problem for women who’s in childbearing age. Weight gain that occurs at women in childbearing age is often associated with contraceptive ...use. One type of contraception that affects weight gain is the hormonal contraception. Lerning the weight gain from each use of contraception is important as a consideration for the family planning program. Methods: This research method was observational analytic with cross-sectional design. Sample size was 136 respondents and the sampling technique used total sampling. The independent variable is the type of contraception includes 1 month injection contraception, 3 month injection contraception, implant contraception, combined pill contraception, and copper T. IUD contraception. The dependent variable is the weight gain. Data was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis test. Results: The results showed that 120 respondents from 5 contraceptive groups experienced weight gain after using contraception. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test were obtained at value of P <0.0001 (p <0.05). that there are differencea in weight gain in 5 groups of contraception. Conclusion: there are difference in weight gain from each contraceptive groups and the contraception that most influences weight gain is 3 months injection contraception.
Periodontitis is an irreversible oral disease causing the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. In addition to scaling and root planing (SRP) procedures, patients should achieve a correct ...domiciliary oral hygiene in order to maintain a healthy status. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of different toothpastes in reducing gingival bleeding in periodontal patients. In addition to a professional treatment of SRP, 80 patients were randomly divided into four groups according to the toothpaste assigned for the daily domiciliary use using an electric toothbrush: Group 1 (Biorepair Gum Protection), Group 2 (Biorepair Plus Parodontgel), Group 3 (Biorepair Peribioma PRO), and Group 4 (Meridol Gum Protection) (control group). After baseline (T0), patients were visited after 15 days (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3). At each appointment, the following periodontal indexes were assessed: bleeding on probing (BoP), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI). All the experimental toothpastes caused an immediate significant modification of the three clinical indexes measured, except for the control product. Biorepair Peribioma PRO, with its paraprobiotic content, was also the only toothpaste causing a prolonged effect, reducing BoP even at T3. Accordingly, both hyaluronic acid and lactoferrin appear as reliable supports for the domiciliary management of periodontal disease. In spite of this, paraprobiotics are likely to show the most important benefit thanks to their immunomodulating mechanism of action.
Background: It was recently suggested that scaling and root planing (SRP) may help to improve glycemic and metabolic control in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus ...(DM2); however, the effectiveness of SRP in this role remains unclear. This meta‐analysis assesses the effectiveness of SRP in improving glycemic and metabolic control in patients with CP and DM2.
Methods: A literature search of electronic databases was performed for articles published through May 16, 2012, followed by a manual search of several dental journals. A meta‐analysis was conducted according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Weighted mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL and LDL, respectively). All outcomes were evaluated as changes from baseline to the end of follow‐up. Heterogeneity was assessed with the χ2‐based Cochran Q test and I2 statistic. The level of significance was set at P <0.05.
Results: After the study selection process, five randomized clinical trials were included. Results of the meta‐analysis indicated that SRP was effective in the reduction of HbA1c (MD = 0.65; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.88; P <0.05) and FPG (MD = 9.04; 95% CI 2.17 to 15.9; P <0.05), but no significant differences were found in the reduction of TC, TG, HDL, or LDL. No evidence of heterogeneity was detected.
Conclusion: The meta‐analysis results seem to support the effectiveness of SRP in the improvement of glycemic control in patients with CP and DM2; however, future studies are needed to confirm these results.
This article establishes the novel D+∗, a risk-aware and platform-agnostic heterogeneous global path planner for robotic navigation in complex environments. The proposed planner addresses a ...fundamental bottleneck of occupancy-based path planners related to their dependency on accurate and dense maps. More specifically, their performance is highly affected by poorly reconstructed or sparse areas (e.g. holes in the walls or ceilings) leading to faulty generated paths outside the physical boundaries of the 3-dimensional space. As it will be presented, D+∗ addresses this challenge with three novel contributions, integrated into one solution, namely: (a) the proximity risk, (b) the modeling of the unknown space, and (c) the map updates. By adding a risk layer to spaces that are closer to the occupied ones, some holes are filled, and thus the problematic short-cutting through them to the final goal is prevented. The novel established D+∗ also provides safety marginals to the walls and other obstacles, a property that results in paths that do not cut the corners that could potentially disrupt the platform operation. D+∗ has also the capability to model the unknown space as risk-free areas that should keep the paths inside, e.g in a tunnel environment, and thus heavily reducing the risk of larger shortcuts through openings in the walls. D+∗ is also introducing a dynamic map handling capability that continuously updates with the latest information acquired during the map building process, allowing the planner to use constant map growth and resolve cases of planning over outdated sparser map reconstructions. The proposed path planner is also capable to plan 2D and 3D paths by only changing the input map to a 2D or 3D map and it is independent of the dynamics of the robotic platform. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is experimentally evaluated in multiple real-life experiments where D+∗ is producing successfully proper planned paths, either in 2D in the use case of the Boston dynamics Spot robot or 3D paths in the case of an unmanned areal vehicle in varying and challenging scenarios.
•D+∗ occupancy-based risk-aware, platform-agnostic, heterogeneous global path planner.•Risk areas in proximity to occupied spaces.•Explicitly unknown areas as a risk.•Dynamic 3D map updates and expansions for planning.•D+∗ has been tested and evaluated on a quadruped Spot robot and an UAV in the field.
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