Objective To explore how to integrate the history of Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) into the teaching of diabetes in internal medicine, in order to develop an ideological and political ...theory-based course with PUMC characteristics. Methods The students in '4+4' medical doctor program of PUMC were enrolled into this study. Diabetes mellitus course combined with ideological and political theories course (including the history of insulin development, the life and contribution of Prof. WU Xian and Prof. LIN Kesheng, and the contributions of Prof. CHI Zhisheng, Prof. PAN Xiaoren and Prof. XIANG Hongding to the prevention and treatment of diabetes) was used for the teaching. Feedback (including the level of the political teaching knowledge before and after the course, the effectiveness of the political teaching by students after the course) was collected by questionnaire online, and statistical analysis was conducted. Results A total of 62 students (32 in grade 2020 and 30 in grade 2021) were included in
Growing evidence demonstrating clear threats to the sustainability of the ecosystems supporting human societies has given rise to a variety of sociological theories of human-environment interactions. ...These environmental impact theories fall into three general perspectives: human ecology, modernization, and political economy. These theories, however, have not been empirically tested in a common analytic framework. Here, a framework that relies on ecological principles is adopted and modified. Using a revised stochastic formulation of that framework and the most comprehensive measure of environmental impact to date-the ecological footprint-the factors driving the environmental impacts of societies are assessed. The overall findings support the claims of human ecologists, partially support the claims of political economists, and contradict the claims of modernization theorists. Basic material conditions, such as population, economic production, urbanization, and geographical factors all affect the environment and explain the vast majority of cross-national variation in environmental impact. Factors derived from neo-liberal modernization theory, such as political freedom, civil liberties, and state environmentalism have no effect on impacts. Taken together, these findings suggest societies cannot be sanguine about achieving sustainability via a continuation of current trends in economic growth and institutional change.
Drawing on original qualitative research, this article investigates how natives and institutions in rural America's "new immigrant destinations" are adapting, if at all, to Hispanic newcomers and ...whether corresponding interaction should be viewed as substantively responsive. In contrast to predictions made by traditional political incorporation theories, results based on semi-structured interviews and ethnographic fieldwork suggest that Hispanic newcomers are undergoing a process of bureaucratic incorporation whereby public service bureaucrats, rather than elected politicians, are initiating substantive responsiveness. Yet I also identify a continuing interaction between immigrant bureaucratic and political incorporation in rural America. I conclude by connecting my findings to more general sociological perspectives regarding population needs, electoral bodies, and public bureaucracies in democratic societies.
•We show different dimensions of the value information diversity.•We present old and new metrics to operationalize this value for different dimensions.•We show that “information bubbles” can be ...observed depending on the used metric.•The political culture can determine the occurrence of “bubbles”.
From a liberal perspective, pluralism and viewpoint diversity are seen as a necessary condition for a well-functioning democracy. Recently, there have been claims that viewpoint diversity is diminishing in online social networks, putting users in a “bubble”, where they receive political information which they agree with. The contributions from our investigations are fivefold: (1) we introduce different dimensions of the highly complex value viewpoint diversity using political theory; (2) we provide an overview of the metrics used in the literature of viewpoint diversity analysis; (3) we operationalize new metrics using the theory and provide a framework to analyze viewpoint diversity in Twitter for different political cultures; (4) we share our results for a case study on minorities we performed for Turkish and Dutch Twitter users; (5) we show that minorities cannot reach a large percentage of Turkish Twitter users. With the last of these contributions, using theory from communication scholars and philosophers, we show how minority access is missing from the typical dimensions of viewpoint diversity studied by computer scientists and the impact it has on viewpoint diversity analysis.
Using Kenya as a case study, this paper provides preliminary evidence of the factors influencing Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to choose their locations within a country. Interpreting the ...findings from a range of models evaluating 4,210 organizations in 70 districts, and drawing on in-country interviews with NGO leaders and workers, government officials, and politicians, it finds that sub-national NGO location corresponds to an area’s objective level of need, as well as the convenience of the location for accessing beneficiaries, donors, and elite goods. Contrary to dominant theories of African political economy, political factors like patronage appear to have little or no significant influence.
Science & Society is an interdisciplinary journal of and for Marxist scholars. In this special issue, we have assembled some studies of anarchist movements, theorists, and practices, primarily in ...contemporary or late-20th-century struggles. The articles are mostly exploratory rather than polemical, but there is a tonal continuum stretching from the firmly conclusive arms folded to the open, outstretched hand. A number of our contributors were active in the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) and related movements that crested in the year before our call for papers was released, in October 2012. This introductory essay will offer, in brief, an attempt to show some of the theoretical concerns interweaving through these pieces. Adapted from the source document.
This article discusses a recent retreat of multiculturalism in the liberal state. This retreat has occurred both at the level of theory and policy. With the help of some recent liberal critiques of ...multiculturalism, the first part maps out some shortcomings of the notion of minority integration through cultural recognition, particularly with respect to immigrants. The second part discusses a retreat from multiculturalism policies in three states that had been prominently committed to them: Australia, the Netherlands, and Britain. This practical retreat of multiculturalism is due to a variety of factors, their importance differing across cases: the chronic lack of public support for multiculturalism policies; inherent deficits and failures of multiculturalism policies, especially in socio-economic respect; and a new assertiveness of the liberal state to impose liberal principles.
Benedict (Ben) Anderson died in Java on 12 December 2015 at the age of 79. His book Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (henceforth IC) is the best known single ...work in nationalism studies. In this symposium six academics consider the impact of IC upon different disciplines. Here I establish background with brief remarks on Anderson’s life and academic career and about IC.
Male-dominated law and legal knowledge essentially characterized the whole of pre-modern history in that the patriarchy represented the axis of social relations in both the private and public ...spheres. Indeed, modern and even contemporary law still have embedded elements of patriarchal heritage, even in the secular modern legal systems of Western developed countries, either within the content of legislation or in terms of its implementation and interpretation. This is true to a greater or lesser extent across legal systems, although the secular modern legal systems of the Western developed countries have made great advances in terms of gender equality. The traditional understanding of law has always been self-evidently dominated by men, but modern law and its understanding have also been more or less “malestreamed.” Therefore, it has become necessary to overcome the given “maskulinity” of legal thought. In contemporary legal and political orders, gender mainstreaming of law has been of the utmost importance for overcoming deeply and persistently embedded power relations and gender-based, unequal social relations. At the same time and equally importantly, the gender mainstreaming of legal education – to which this book aims to contribute – can help to gradually eliminate this male dominance and accompanying power relations from legal education and higher education as a whole. This open access textbook provides an overview of gender issues in all areas of law, including sociological, historical and methodological issues. Written for students and teachers around the globe, it is intended to provide both a general overview and in-depth knowledge in the individual areas of law. Relevant court decisions and case studies are supplied throughout the book.
PDF
