A new high yielding proso millet variety (Panicum miliaceum L.): PMV 442 C. Nandini, Sujata Bhat , Prabhakar , Jayaramegowda, M. Krishnappa, S. Srinatha Reddy, Prabhu C. Ganiger, K. B. Palanna , T. S. Sukanya, B. Boraiah, Kiran, T. Lavanya Bai and N. Vinay
Electronic journal of plant breeding,
04/2021, Volume:
12, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A high yielding short duration new proso millet variety GPUP 25 was developed at Project Coordinating Unit, AICRP on Small Millets, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru for ...cultivation in Karnataka and other states in India during 2019 at central level and released as PMV 442. This variety is a derivative of a cross GPMS 109 and GPMS 908 developed by recombining the desirable characteristics of both the parents. This new variety matures in 70-75 days and has erect plant type with dwarf stature (85-90 cm), non- lodging, narrow leaves. Panicle is semi compact and medium sized. The grains are bold, oval shape and gray in colour. The grain of this variety contains calcium (26.0 mg/100 g), iron (6 mg/100 g seed) protein (7.41 %), and crude fiber (9.72 g/100 g). The variety GPUP 25 showed 29.78 and 16.39 per cent increased seed yield over the local check GPUP 21 and National check TNAU 145 respectively in Station trials. Likewise, in All India Coordinated Trials PMV 442 (GPUP 25) has showed superior performance in grain yield over national checks GPUP 21, TNAU 151 and TNAU 164 by 12.99, 23.73 and 12.44 per cent, respectively at national level. This variety has been released and notified in 83rd meeting of Central Sub -Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and release of varieties for agricultural crops held on 4th October 2019. This variety is recommended for cultivation in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana states.
Cereal crops have recently experienced increased interest due to their potential health benefits. It has been suggested that the intake of whole grain foods is beneficial to the prevention and ...management of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 70% EtOH extracts from different cultivars of sorghum, foxtail millet and proso millet on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Among the six sorghum cultivars, Mongdang-susu(SS-1), Me-susu(SS-2), Susongsaengi-susu(SS-3) and Sikyung-susu(SS-4) extracts exhibited higher inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase (
IC
50
=
1.1–1.4
μg/ml) than acarbose, reference inhibitor (
IC
50
=
2.1
μg/ml). In addition, these extracts strongly inhibited degradation of starch by pancreatic and salivary α-amylase, whereas extracts from foxtail and proso millets exhibited no visible or detectible inhibitory effect on α-amylase or on α-glucosidase activity. These
in vitro studies indicate the potential of sorghum in the development of effective anti-diabetic agents.
Proso millet (
L.) is a short-duration C
crop that is drought tolerant and nutritionally rich and can grow well in marginal lands. Though the crop has many climate-resilient traits like tolerance to ...drought and heat, its yield is lower than that of common cereals like rice, wheat, and maize. Being an underutilized crop, the molecular resources in the crop are limited. The main aim of the present study was to develop and characterize contrasting mutants for yield and generate functional genomic information for the trait in proso millet. Gamma irradiation-induced mutant population was screened to identify high-yielding mutants, which were evaluated up to M
generation. One mutant with a dense panicle and high yield (ATL_hy) and one with a lax panicle and low yield (ATL_ly) along with the wild type were sequenced using the genotyping-by-sequencing approach. The variants detected as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions-deletions (InDels) were annotated against the reference genome of proso millet. Bioinformatic analyses using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and UniProt databases were performed to elucidate genetic information related to the SNP variations. A total of 25,901, 30,335, and 31,488 SNPs, respectively, were detected in the wild type, ATL_hy mutants, and ATL_ly mutants. The total number of functional SNPs identified in high-yielding and low-yielding mutants was 84 and 171, respectively. Two functional SNPs in the high-yielding mutant (ATL_
) and one in the low-yielding mutant (ATL_
) corresponded to the gene coding for "E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UPL7". Pathway mapping of the functional SNPs identified that two SNPs in ATL_ly were involved in the starch biosynthetic pathway coding for the starch synthase enzyme. This information can be further used in identifying genes responsible for various metabolic processes in proso millet and in designing useful genetic markers.
Two varieties of foxtail and one variety of proso millet were milled to obtain brown and polished grains. The flours from these milled fractions along with whole grain flour were evaluated for ...nutrient composition, antinutritional factors and flour functionality. A considerable variation in the content of nutrients and antinutrients was found among the milling fractions. The protein content (9.9–14.8 g/100 g) varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among the milled fractions of millets and was higher in brown grains for all the millet varieties (p ≤ 0.05). Whole grains of both the millets showed significantly higher ash contents (p ≤ 0.05). The total dietary fibre was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in whole grain flours than in brown and polished grain flours. Soluble dietary fibre was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in brown grain flours (1.2–1.5 g/100 g) and lower in polished grain flours (0.7–1.1 g/100 g). Phenolic compounds and phytic acid were present in significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) amounts in whole grains and brown grains. The nitrogen solubility of millet flours was in the range of 2.9–16.4 mg/g and 4.7–16.9 mg/g in water and 0.5 M NaCl, respectively. The brown grain flours also had the highest water and oil absorption capacity, emulsion activity and stability, and foaming capacity. Depending on technological or nutritional demands, appropriate milled fractions may be chosen based on these results to achieve the desired product.
•Protein content of the milled fractions of millets varied significantly.•Whole grain showed higher dietary fibre than brown and polished grain.•Whole and brown grain contained more polyphenols and phytate than polished.•Brown grain showed highest water absorption, foam and emulsion capacity.
To investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation (EBI) pretreatment on the multiscale structure and physicochemical properties of esterified starch, this study used EBI pretreatment to prepare ...glutaric anhydride (GA) esterified proso millet starch. GA starch did not show the corresponding distinct thermodynamics peaks. However, it had a high pasting viscosity and transparency (57.46–74.25 %). EBI pretreatment increased the degree of glutaric acid esterification (0.0284–0.0560) and changed its structure and physicochemical properties. EBI pretreatment disrupted its short-range ordering structure, reducing the crystallinity, molecular weight and pasting viscosity of glutaric acid esterified starch. Moreover, it produced more short chains and increased the transparency (84.28–93.11 %) of glutaric acid esterified starch. This study could offer a rationale for using EBI pretreatment technology to maximize the functional properties of GA modified starch and enlarge its implementation in modified starch.
•It's a comprehensive system for the multiscale - functionality of proso millet starch.•GA esterification was explored to fill the gap of polyacid esterification.•EBI pretreatment improved the degree of substitution of esterification.•EBI and GA enhanced the transparency of proso millet starch.
Sulforaphane (SFN) has been documented to possess anticancer properties. However, its application is limited by instability and poor bioavailability, which could be enhanced by colloidal delivery ...systems. In this study, prolamins from two cereal grains, i.e., proso millet (MP) and corn (CP), were extracted and used to fabricate nanoparticles for SFN via an anti-solvent process. A secondary layer with a complex of sodium caseinate (NaCas)/propylene glycol alginate (PGA) at an equal mass was deposited to further improve the stability of nanoparticles. Results indicated that composite nanoparticles with NaCas/PGA at 0.3% (w/v) exhibited a spherical shape with high encapsulation efficiency (>80%), small size (150 nm), and highly negative ζ potential (−39 mV). SFN in MP compared to that in CP showed a similar but lower releasing rate under simulated in vitro digestion. Therefore, prolamins from both sources are promising plant source delivery materials to improve stability and achieve controlled release of bioactives.
•Proso millet starch nanoparticles were prepared by enzymolysis and recrystallization.•The size of the starch nanoparticles was between 20nm and 100nm.•The crystal pattern changed from A-type (native ...starch) to B-type (nanoparticles).•The sample retrogradated for 12h had the highest degree of crystallinity (47.04%).•It is a rapid way to obtain high yield (about 55%) starch nanoparticles.
Starch nanoparticles were prepared from proso millet starch using a green and facile method combined with enzymolysis and recrystallization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the morphology and crystal structure of the starch nanoparticles prepared with different retrogradation time (0.5, 4, 12, and 24h). The results showed that the sizes of the starch nanoparticles were between 20nm and 100nm. The crystal pattern changed from A-type (native starch) to B-type (nanoparticles), and the relative crystallinity of the nanoparticles increased obviously, as compared with the native starch. The nanoparticles prepared with the 12h retrogradation time had the highest degree of crystallinity (47.04%). Compared to conventional acid hydrolysis to make starch nanoparticles, the present approach has the advantage of being quite rapid and presenting a higher yield (about 55%).
Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections.In this study,386 proso millet core ...collections were used as materials to observe inflorescence color,leaf phase,inflorescence density,axis shape,branched spike length,panicle type,trichome,measured area of the top3 leaves,and chlorophyll content of the top3 leaves at filling stage.These core collections were also used to record growth period,plant height,diameter of main stem,plant tiller number,branch number,panicle length,panicle number per plant,and panicle weight per plant at the maturation stage.Starch,fat,protein,and yellow pigment contents in the grain and 1 000-seed weight were also measured after harvest.Then,quantitative traits were used for diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of each collection.Correlations between all traits were also analyzed.Results showed that among the 8 quality traits,the Shannon index (H') of hull color was the highest (1.588) followed by the H'of inflorescence density (0.984).However,inflorescence color and axis shape were lower.The H'of 16 quantitative traits were significantly higher than the quality traits with the following traits having the highest indices:fat content (2.092),1000-seed weight (2.073),top3 leaves area (2.070),main stem diameter (2.056),and plant height (2.052).Furthermore,all other traits had a diversity higher than 1.900.After a comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits,plant height,diameter of main stem,plant tiller number,leaf area of top3 leaves,and 1 000-seed weight were the biggest contributors to the principal components.Six high-fat and high-protein cultivars,including Nuoshu,A75-2,Zhiduoaosizhi,Panlonghuangmi,Xiaobaishu,and Xiaohongshu were also screened.Correlations between the quantitative traits were significant,including the correlation between quality traits and quantitative traits.In conclusion,the core collections can be used as basis for discriminating among proso millet cultivars based on related traits and for further studies on millet with rich genetic diversity,good representation,and significant collection between traits.
Starches of four varieties of waxy proso millet were examined in terms of granule morphology, amylose, transparency, retrogradation, pasting, and thermal properties. The starches had great numbers of ...large polygonal granules with smooth edges, small numbers of small spherical granules, and an average granule size of 6.12 µm. Compared with the starches of non‐waxy proso millet and maize, the starches of the waxy proso millet varieties had lower amylose contents (0.21%) and higher phosphorus contents (1.85 mg/100 g); higher transparency (29.84%) and lower volume percentages of retrogradation (5.01%); higher peak viscosities (3304 cP), trough viscosities (2422 cP) and breakdowns (882 cP), and lower setbacks (267 cP); and lower onset temperatures (To) (69.7°C), peak temperatures (Tp) (75.3°C), final temperatures (Tc) (80.8°C) and enthalpies (ΔH) (10.55 J/g) in their starch gelatinization.
Proso millet is a potential crop for food, nutritional security, and sustainable agriculture, particularly in the context of climate change. It is one of the traditional millet crops in cultivation ...in Tamil Nadu and India. Self-pollinated nature of this crop makes evolutionary process a terminal one and creating variability to broaden the genetic base is important. The objective of the study was to optimize mutagenic dose of gamma mutagen, document types of mutations and identify mutants for high grain yield (GY) and fodder yield (FY), hence to determine the feasibility of gamma mutagenesis in proso millet crop improvement.
A mutation breeding program with 10 doses of gamma irradiation, i.e. 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 Gy were imposed on seeds of variety ATL 1, a popular variety in India. Roll paper method, tray method and field evaluation were carried out to determine the LD
50
and GR
50
doses. Based on viable mutation frequency in M
2
generation, mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency was estimated. Targeted selection for yield and yield contributing traits was carried out in M
2
, M
3
and M
4
generation to identify high yielding mutants.
The LD
50
and GR
50
doses of gamma were estimated to be 418 Gy and 542 Gy, respectively. Based on results from probit analysis, mutagenic effectiveness, mutagenic efficiency and mutation spectrum, the optimum treatment dose of gamma was concluded to be 400 Gy. High frequency, i.e. 10.96% of phenotypic mutants was identified in the M
2
generation. The broad range of mutants identified in M
2
generation had mutations for plant height, plant habit, panicle shape, compactness, and length, days to 50% flowering (DFF), lodging resistance, tillering, leaf phenotype, apiculus color, culm branching, stem and leaf hairiness, sheath pigmentation, seed color and shape and seed coat attachment. Eight high yielding mutant families were isolated in M
4
generation. The mean single plant GY and FY of these mutants ranged between 25 to 51 g and 40 to 68 g respectively while in control it was 15 g and 30 g, respectively.
The wide spectrum and high frequency of mutations both for qualitative and quantitative traits suggest mutation induction as a promising method for creating novel variations in proso millet. The high yielding mutants identified can be utilized for varietal development both for grain and fodder purpose after further stability and quality evaluations in the advanced generations.
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