The article discussed the development of the basics and principles of punctuation in the descriptions of the management of punctuation. The mentioned bases for punctuation—grammar (syntax), meaning, ...and intonation and pauses—are proposed to be consolidated into two, grammatical (syntactic) and meaning- and intonation-based punctuation, regarding intonation as one of the ways of realizing the meaning of the text. The intonational basis is auxiliary in the realization of the general meaning of the text. It is appropriate to interpret these two bases as criteria for punctuation practice and rule development, and to consider the functionality of the punctuation marks and rules to be the general principle. For specific cases of interpretation of punctuation of syntactic units, the grammatical (syntactic) basis is important.Over the period of 100 years, the regulation of punctuation has largely adhered to a combination of grammatical (syntactic) and meaning- and intonation-based reasoning, only in isolated periods was there a greater tendency toward a more formal syntactic description of punctuation. In the recent period, more and more priority is given to the preferences of the author of the text, if it is necessary for the general meaning of the text.In recent decades, the phenomenon of incomplete, undeveloped or contracted (compressed) structures, which has come increasingly into focus in the descriptions of punctuation, can help to clarify problematic cases of punctuation of altered structures and more accurately define the possibilities of using punctuation marks. Punctuation rulescan be made more functional by breaking down syntactic phenomena in more detail and adding previouslyunexplored syntactic units to the rules.
Straipsnyje aptarta skyrybos pagrindų ir principų raida skyrybos tvarkybos aprašuose. Minimi gramatinis (sintaksinis), prasminis ir intonacinis-pauzinis pagrindai siūlomi sutraukti į du – gramatinį (sintaksinį) ir prasminį-intonacinį, teksto intonaciją laikant vienu iš teksto prasmės realizavimo būdų. Intonacinis pagrindas yra pagalbinis realizuojant bendrąją teksto prasmę. Šiuos du pagrindus tikslinga interpretuoti kaip skyrimo ir taisyklių formulavimo kriterijus, o bendruoju principu laikyti skyrybos ženklų vartojimo ir skyrybos taisyklių funkcionalumą. Konkretiems sintaksinių vienetų skyrybos interpretacijos atvejams yra svarbus gramatinis (sintaksinis) pagrindas.Skyrybos reglamentavimas per 100 metų laikotarpį iš esmės laikėsi gramatinio (sintaksinio) ir prasminio-intonacinio skyrybos pagrindų derinio, tik pavieniais laikotarpiais buvo labiau linkstama į formalesnį sintaksinį skyrybos apibūdinimą. Pastaruoju laikotarpiu vis daugiau pirmumo teikiama teksto autoriaus apsisprendimui, jei to reikia bendrajai teksto prasmei.Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais skyrybos apibūdinimuose vis plačiau minimas nepilnųjų, neišplėtotų ar sutrauktų (suglaudintų) struktūrų reiškinys gali padėti išaiškinti problemiškus pakitusių struktūrų skyrybos atvejus, tiksliau apibrėžti jų skyrimo galimybes. Skyrybos taisykles daro funkcionalesnes skyrybos atžvilgiu detaliau skaidomi sintaksiniai reiškiniai, taisyklių papildymai anksčiau neaptartais sintaksiniais vienetais.
In the modern linguistic literature, without taking into account new qualitative changes in contemporary syntactic theory, the theory of text science and speech activity, the view of the ...consideration of punctuation as a separate section of syntax still prevails. If the linguistic environment changes and the language has the ability to adapt to changes in real life, changes that are observed in a particular speech practice must first be seen as a new but standard, communicative, and pragmatic phenomenon (pauses, deviations). After all, speech and language are interrelated phenomena. Both are two other units of the system. From this point of view, changes made in the syntactic structure of speech should be recognized as consequences of non-verbal communication in non-oral (written) communication. Despite the recognition of the importance of many definitions and studies presented for punctuation, the generally recognized values of textbooks, the emergence of various additional clarifications, and changes relating to punctuation indicate the need to take into account the qualitative changes occurring in the practice of punctuation marks and punctuation-graphic means. In particular, the results of the survey among students clarify this opinion.
A generalization of the main trends in the development of the Russian and English punctuation theory in the first quarter of the 21st century is presented, namely, relatively stable trends in the ...analysis of punctuation within the framework of the communicative-pragmatic approach and punctuation activity in its functional diversity. The relevance of the study lies in the following: there is still no idea of what has been done in the theory of punctuation in the first quarter of the 21st century and what are the main trends in its development. The novelty of the study is in the disclosure of how the theory of punctuation is covered through the prism of a communicative-pragmatic approach. An analysis of the development of punctuation theory in the first quarter of the 21st century is based on Russian and English publications from 2000 to 2021. It is shown how in the theory of punctuation of the first quarter of the 21st century, on the basis of a communicative-pragmatic approach, the principles and functions of punctuation, the relationship between the punctuation mark and the punctuation position, the grounds for the priority of punctuation marks, the verbalization of punctuation marks, punctuation variance, the semantic potential of punctuation, textual punctuation are considered. In addition, it is demonstrated how the functional diversity of punctuation activity, including the use of punctuation marks in computer-mediated communication is covered.
This book is designed to help readers punctuate confidently and effectively through enjoyable and illuminating lessons that draw on the words of great writers, celebrities, and historical figures. ...Chapters begin with quotes that exemplify good punctuation so that readers build proper punctuation skills from context. The quotations themselves are instructive and interesting, coming from notable or amusing historical and cultural figures. Brief essays illuminate the history of each punctuation mark and its rules of usage.
Testimonio de ello son, por limitarnos a nuestro espacio mas cercano, los trabajos escritos o dirigidos por Bice Mortara Garavelli (Prontuario di punteggiatura, 2003; Storia della punteggiatura in ...Europa, 2008), o el exito editorial de obras de divulgacion entre el gran publico como la inglesa de Lynne Truss Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, de 2003, o la espanola de Jose Antonio Millan Perdon imposible, de 2005. Con gran finura critica y con la util apoyatura visiva, en cada caso, de una clara muestra textual acompanada por la reproduccion fotografica de las paginas correspondientes, Tonani va analizando la presencia y particular uso de los blancos en las obras que analiza, que pueden tener un cometido instrumental (marcar un salto espacio-temporal o un cambio de escena, introducir a un nuevo actante, presentar a un mismo actante en escenas sucesivas, senalar la sucesion de diegesis y mimesis, introducir una cita, preparar la presentacion de un evento inesperado o de una fractura en el itinerario narrativo de un personaje) o mas puramente expresivo, modificando el ritmo narrativo, amplificando con su aislamiento el contenido expresivo de unas pocas lineas con las que concluye un capitulo o creando efectos de suspension, o incluso de perturbacion -porque lo blanco, obviamente, esta vacio, y remite, por tanto, a lo no dicho- en el modo de recepcion del lector. La segunda parte del libro aborda el estudio de los usos estilisticos de los signos de puntuacion a partir del Neorrealismo (Vittorini, Pavese, etc.): los momentos y formas de construccion del estilo paratactico, el uso de la puntuacion para crear efectos ritmicos y melodicos, la variatio sintactica obtenida mediante la compresion y expansion del discurso sobre la base de una precisa disposicion de signos de puntuacion como el punto y la coma; el particular uso dado a los dos puntos, con su repeticion a corta distancia o su recuperacion del tradicional valor de pausa (efectos, ambos, extranos a la reciente grafia espanola); la fuerte acotacion puntuadora, al menos ocasionalmente, de autores como Morante, Ginzburg o Sciascia. Util e innovador, pues, el brillante trabajo de Elisa Tonani, y doblemente esclarecedor: por un lado, de la materialidad de las formas y usos de los blancos espaciales y de los signos de puntuacion en el texto narrativo; y, por otro, de las implicaciones que ello comporta en las estrategias de expresion literaria.
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