Språklige konstruksjoner bærer med seg forestillinger om tilhørighet og verdi, så vel som avvik og underordning. Denne artikkelen bygger på funn fra analyser av dialoger mellom studenter og ...forelesere i fire bacheloremner ved to norske universitet. Vi viser hvordan dialogene produserer forestillinger om det norske som setter grenser for tilhørighet og rasialiserer deler av befolkningen. Med utgangspunkt i funnene diskuterer artikkelen utdanningssystemets rolle i å utfordre diskursivt konstruerte maktstrukturer.
This paper reports on the study of private theories of Science, Technology, Engineering and Technology (“STEM”) teachers and their learning design practices at International Schools in Hong Kong. The ...literature emphasises that teachers are the key to successfully implementing STEM education. However, most are unprepared and ill-equipped for the task of preparing students for a sound STEM education. Teachers’ thinking is critical for their learning design, decision-making and implementation of STEM. This decision-making is underpinned by a set of private theories. Using the methodology of a qualitative multi-case study, this research focuses on five participants teaching STEM in International Schools in Hong Kong. The private theories of the cases were identified and observed for any change with the use of a learning design model for STEM education. The learning design is introduced using a novel methodology of intervention. An observable change occurs in the majority of cases after the intervention, however certain private theories remained an obstacle to the effective implementation of STEM education. To overcome the remaining private theories in effective implementation of STEM education, the study proposes a novel framework incorporating both learning design and collaboration to mediate teachers’ thinking in the context of STEM learning design.
Semi-empirical simulation of in-motion radiation detection systems Czyz, Steven A.; Brodsky, Jason; Sangiorgio, Samuele
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2022, Volume:
1040
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The Replicative Assessment of Spectroscopic Equipment (RASE) is an open-source software that uses experimental data as the basis to simulate the response of commercial radiation detectors to sources ...in various situations, particularly in the context of nuclear security and safeguards applications. Dynamic RASE introduces the capability to simulate scenarios where sources and detector are in relative motion. Position-dependent experimentally acquired gamma spectra are ingested by Dynamic RASE to build maps that describe the detector response over all space. These response maps are used to replicate the time-dependent energy spectra collected as sources move on a path near the detector. A Gaussian process is used to build each map, incorporating a novel kernel adapted to the special case of radiation detection. The approach has been validated against experimental data acquired using a NaI-based detector for 137Cs and 54Mn sources. The capability to create accurate simulations using either long-dwell static measurements or dynamic pass-by measurements as source data has been demonstrated. Quantitative relative performance, benefits, and shortcomings are discussed.
I denne artikkelen retter jeg oppmerksomheten mot hvordan forestillinger om kjønn, rase og kropp kommer til uttrykk i såkalt kjønnstesting i internasjonal eliteidrett. Gjennom å utforske ...presentasjonen av Caster Semenya, mellomdistanseløperen fra Sør-Afrika som «et problem», viser jeg hvordan regelverk og praksiser for kjønnstesting holder fast ved en binær kjønnsforståelse som plasserer Semenya, og andre kvinnelige eliteidrettsutøvere i en paradoksal situasjon. Jeg hevder at når noen kvinnekropper identifiseres som mistenkelige og utsettes for kjønnstesting, er dette et utrykk for hvordan kvinnelige eliteidrettsutøvere holdes ansvarlige for «gjennomsnittskvinnens» kroppsliggjorte femininitet og kvinnelighet. Jeg stiller spørsmål ved kjønnstestingens vitenskapelighet, og utforsker hvordan historisk forankrede forestillinger om kjønn, rase og kropp artikuleres gjennom et normativt hvitt blikk. Med fokus på et aspekt av kjønnstesting, som til nå ikke har fått mye oppmerksomhet i norsk kjønnsforsking, utforsker jeg hvilke forestillinger om kjønn og rase som ligger til grunn for kjønnstestingens historie og praksis, og hvordan disse bidrar til innrammingen av Caster Semenya som «idrettens store dilemma».
Pričujoči članek izhaja iz medkulturne problematike kriznih situacij, ki se kažejo na svetovni ravni in med katere brez dvoma sodi tudi pandemija virusne bolezni COVID-19. Ukvarja se z vprašanjem, ...ali je rasizem univerzalen ali kulturno pogojen pojav, in pokaže, da je rasizem idejna dediščina ontološkega statusa koncepta rase, ki se je razvil in prevladal v evropski idejni tradiciji. S prikazom razlik med esencialističnim in procesnim dojemanjem človeka pokaže, da je rasizem kot politični in družbeni pojav specifična dediščina evropske znanosti in da ni občečloveški način razumevanja oziroma kategoriziranja pripadnikov in pripadnic človeške vrste. S predstavitvijo tradicionalnih kitajskih modelov relacijskega in antiesencialističnega koncepta sebstva želi avtorica prikazati nove možnosti dojemanja medosebnih in medkulturnih interakcij, ki lahko vodijo k solidarnosti in sodelovanju, ki sta nujna za izdelavo celostnih strategij za sedanja in bodoča soočanja s pandemijami in drugimi globalnimi katastrofami.
Symbole d’un monopole décisionnel des forestiers, la coupe rase est devenue au fil du temps une pratique controversée. Seuls à décider des règles d’exécution de cet acte technique au XVIIe siècle, ...les forestiers doivent transiger avec une nouvelle élite intellectuelle au XIXe siècle. Celle-ci porte en effet de nouvelles valeurs et représentations esthétiques de l’espace forestier en rupture avec la vision technique classique. Si ce mouvement de protestation obtient des concessions avec la création de réserves artistiques, le principe de la coupe rase demeure, laissant la porte ouverte à de futures contestations. Messages clés :• La coupe rase est devenue une pratique publiquement controversée au cours du XIXe siècle.• La rationalisation et modernisation de cette technique va accentuer les tensions au cours du XXe siècle.• Ces tensions témoignent d’une divergence progressive des représentations sociales de la forêt entre forestiers et usagers.
Après la seconde Guerre mondiale, la modernisation des techniques de sylviculture banalise la coupe rase transformant profondément les paysages ruraux. Dans les années 1960, de nouveaux mouvements ...sociaux contestent cette orientation et souhaitent une meilleure prise en compte de l’environnement. Si l’intégration paysagère des coupes rases permet d’apaiser les conflits dans les années 1990, cette solution ne répond que partiellement à une demande d’écologisation des pratiques sylvicoles. L’augmentation de la récolte de bois dans les années 2010 pose à nouveau la question de la place de la coupe rase dans les itinéraires sylvicoles. Acte technique, elle devient aussi un marqueur politique. Messages clés :• Avec le FFN, la technique de la coupe rase se mécanise se banalise et se dépolitise.• Dans les années 1960, l’impact écologique de cette pratique est à nouveau interrogé par les associations naturalistes.• Au cours des années 1990, elle devient le symbole d’une repolitisation et d’une écologisation des enjeux forestiers.
Effects of permanent (i.e., maintained) and temporary edges with north- and south-facing exposures were studied in sand pine (Pinus clausa var. clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg.) scrub, an ...open-canopied forest type in Ocala National Forest, Florida. On edges and interiors of four stands of each type, we measured canopy tree architecture in 5 m × 100 m plots and stand density and basal area in 5 m × 200 m plots. Edge effects were modest but often stronger on south- than north-facing edges and along permanent forest roads than temporary edges of clearcuts that were allowed to regrow. Compared with interior trees, those on edges were typically shorter, retained branches lower on their boles, oriented their first branches more towards the edge, and produced more asymmetrical crowns with the long axis extending into the opening; these trends were greater on south- than north-facing edges and along permanent than temporary edges. Contrary to expectations, there were no edge effects on total basal area, dead tree densities, proportions of sand pine trees with leaning trunks, directions of lean, or angles of lean. Instead of an edge effect, most trees leaned towards the southwest, which seems related to the northeastern origin of prevailing winds and wind gusts.
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•Pyrenean Pb-Zn(-Ge) mineralization is hosted within epigenetic veins with various geometries.•Sphalerite is Ge-depleted and displays features indicating both recrystallization and ...deformation.•During metamorphic recrystallization, Ge is expelled from the ZnS lattice.•Ge is re-concentrated as Ge-minerals nucleating at sphalerite grain boundaries.•Brunogeierite is relatively enriched in Ga and Cu.
The presence of unique accessory Ge-minerals (containing up to 70 wt% Ge) is a widespread phenomenon in Pb-Zn deposits of the Variscan Pyrenean Axial Zone (PAZ). Such a mode of occurrence is, however, rare worldwide with germanium more typically occurring as a trace component of sulfides, notably sphalerite (<3200 ppm), or in coal deposits (<5570 ppm). The PAZ Pb-Zn deposits are thus an excellent target to unravel the processes and key factors controlling formation of mineralization highly concentrated in Ge. Three Pb-Zn deposits are studied here: Argut-dessus; Pale Bidau; and Pale de Rase. All three are located in Late Ordovician rocks within the PAZ Bossost anticlinorium. The main mineralization (Type 2) is localized in epigenetic veins with different geometries relative to host rocks and deformation. Textural analysis of sphalerite mineralization shows evidence for both recrystallization and deformation. Sphalerite is associated with muscovite or graphite and is the unique host for the discrete Ge-minerals in the studied samples. Brunogeierite (GeFe2O4) and argutite (GeO2) occur almost universally at sphalerite grain boundaries. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of sphalerite and brunogeierite show that sphalerite is relatively depleted in Ge (mean ∼13 ± 3 ppm) and other trace elements such as Sb (∼21 ± 2 ppm), Cu (∼153 ± 23 ppm) and Ga (∼127 ± 10 ppm) compared to brunogeierite (29–30 wt% Ge), which is also richer in Ga (∼2406 ± 270 ppm) and Cu (∼2438 ± 550 ppm). Collectively, these observations on this exceptional example of Ge enrichment highlight the role of oxidizing, moderate temperature (∼<450 °C) metamorphic fluids on the partitioning of Ge between discrete Ge-minerals and their sulfide hosts. Comparison with other Ge-deposits worldwide supports the hypothesis that low grade metamorphism and deformation may play a key role in the genesis and concentration of Ge-mineralization, especially in low-grade metamorphic Kipushi-type deposits in which discrete Ge-minerals are located immediately adjacent to recrystallized sulfides.
En 1990 se celebró en El Escorial (Madrid) la primera Conferencia de Sociología de la Educación (SE) que reunió a un numeroso grupo de docentes e investigadores (-as) de muchas universidades ...españolas. A estas conferencias han sucedido otras más a lo largo de treinta y un años, bien con el formato de Conferencia, bien como Reunión-Encuentro del Comité de Investigación de Sociología de la Educación (SE) dentro de las reuniones trienales de la Federación Española de Sociología (bienales a partir del Congreso de Valencia de 2019) o bien como Conferencias Internacionales con Asociaciones de SE de Portugal (2015 en Lisboa y 2017 en Córdoba) y de Italia y Francia donde han participado además docentes e investigadores (-as) de otros países como Brasil, Argentina, Chile, México, etc. adscritos principalmente a universidades españolas, portuguesas o italianas. Desde 2015 el Comité de Investigación (CI) de Sociología de la Educación (SE) CISE número 13 de la Federación Española de Sociología (FES) asume la organización de estas reuniones con carácter abierto e internacional con un último encuentro realizado telemáticamente en octubre de 2021.Este artículo ahonda en el trayecto recorrido, no sólo datando fechas de reuniones, acuerdos y publicaciones, sino que se detiene asimismo en el análisis de los temas tratados y de algunos logros muy relevantes para la SE en España como la aparición de dos revistas de impacto, RASE en 2008 y RISE en 2012.
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