V prispevku so predstavljeni rezultati multidisciplinarnih raziskav širših območij arheoloških najdišč Poštela pri Mariboru in Novine/Bubenberg (ali Hoarachkogel) pri Šentilju. Obe ob utrjenem ...naselju sestavljajo še plana in gomilna grobišča ter ugreznjene poti, ki so pomembne za širše razumevanje vpetosti najdišč v njihovo okolico. Najdišči sta bili v starejši železni dobi regionalni središči med Alpami in Panonijo, v njihovi bližini pa so bile odkrite tudi druge naselbine, verjetno z drugačno funkcijo. Takšni sta Čreta pri Slivnici in Plački vrh/Platsch, ki sta prav tako vključeni v študijo. Nekatere raziskave so še v teku, zato pričujoči prispevek ne podaja zaključnih ugotovitev, kljub temu pa prinaša novosti, ki v nekaterih segmentih dopolnjujejo poznavanje starejše železne dobe v severovzhodni Sloveniji in v širšem kulturnem krogu. Za razumevanje gradišč so pomembna spoznanja o obsežnih zemeljskih delih zaradi preurejanja notranjosti naselbin. Predstavljamo tudi način, kako lahko s sodobnimi pristopi širjenje gomilnih grobišč raziskujemo brez izkopavanj. Odkriti sta bili dve novi plani grobišči in oblika pokopa, ki doslej na grobiščih v okolici gradišč še ni bila poznana – grob, obdan z jarkom brez nasutja v obliki gomile.
Not much is known about the fall risk among the adult population of those who rarely visit doctors. We wanted to determine the prevalence of increased fall risk in a population of family practice ...non-attenders and the factors associated with it.
We included participants from family medicine practices in this cross-sectional study. To be included in the study, the participants had to be adults living in the community (home-dwelling people) who had not visited their chosen family physician in the last five years (non-attenders). The identification of the eligible persons was done through a search of electronic medical records, which yield 2,025 non-attenders. Community nurses collected data in the participants' homes. The outcome measure was increased fall risk as assessed by the Morse fall scale: increased risk (≥25) vs. no risk.
The sample consisted of 1,945 patients (96.0% response rate) with a mean age of 60.4 years (range 20.5 to 99.7 years). An increased fall risk was determined in 482 or 24.8% (95% CI: 22.9, 26.8) of the patients. The multivariate model showed a significant association of increased fall risk with higher age (p<0.001), lower systolic blood pressure (p=0.047), poor family function (p=0.016), increased risk of malnutrition (p=0.013), higher number of chronic diseases (p=0.027), higher pain intensity (p<0.001), lower self-assessment of current health (p=0.002), and higher dependence in daily activities (p<0.001).
Non-attenders may have an increased risk of falling which depends on their health status and age. The inclusion of community nurses in primary healthcare teams could be of use not only to identify the non-attenders' health needs, but also to better manage their health, especially the factors that were identified to be associated with greater fall risk.
Within the framework of the basic research project The Župna cerkev Cemetery in Kranj, intended for the publication and research of materials from archaeological excavations of the eponymous burial ...ground, digital primary forms of archival sources are presented. So far, we have published field journals, field drawings and anthropological diaries in six volumes, and the new e-publication shows sketching blocks with field drawings of planums and more than 1,500 graves excavated between 1969 and 1973.
Research Methodology for Social Sciences provides guidelines for designing and conducting evidence-based research in social sciences and interdisciplinary studies using both qualitative and ...quantitative data. Blending the particularity of different sub-disciplines and interdisciplinary nature of social sciences, this volume:
Provides insights on epistemological issues and deliberates on debates over qualitative research methods;
Covers different aspects of qualitative research techniques and evidence-based research techniques, including survey design, choice of sample, construction of indices, statistical inferences and data analysis;
Discusses concepts, techniques and tools at different stages of research, beginning with the design of field surveys to collect raw data and then analyse it using statistical and econometric methods.
With illustrations, examples and a reader-friendly approach, this volume will serve as a key reference material for compulsory research methodology courses at doctoral levels across different disciplines, such as economics, sociology, women’s studies, education, anthropology, political science, international relations, philosophy, history and business management. This volume will also be indispensable for postgraduate courses dealing with quantitative techniques and data analysis.
V randomiziranih kliničnih raziskavah faze III (RKR), ki jih vse pogosteje sponzorirajo k dobičku naravnane farmacevtske družbe, raziskovalci primerjajo nova protirakava zdravljenja s standardnimi. ...Če se v RKR novo zdravljenje izkaže za učinkovitejše, je običajno odobreno za uporabo v vsakodnevni klinični praksi. V vlogi zdravstvenih strokovnjakov smo dolžni kritično vrednotiti nova zdravljenja in zahtevati preglednost njihovih prikazanih koristi. Z možnostjo dostopa do protokolov kliničnih raziskav, na podlagi katerih so nova zdravljenja odobrena za uporabo, in z nepristranskim poročanjem o njihovih škodljivih učinkih lahko dodatno izboljšamo preglednost prikazanih koristi novih protirakavih zdravljenj. Raziskovalci in sponzorji bi morali pogosteje opravljati posodobljene in sekundarne analize RKR, saj so lahko vir dodatnih pomembnih izsledkov.
This editorial describes how research in primary health care can be used to influence policy. It draws on previous literature to give an example from the UK of how research in one part of primary ...care, the health-visiting service, has endeavoured to use evidence to influence policy and practice. The editorial considers frameworks for policy implementation such as Bardach’s eight phase approach and concepts that can inform policy implementation such as Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucrat approach.
Klinične raziskave ali klinična preskušanja so raziskave, ki vključujejo ljudi. Na njihovih izsledkih temelji vsakodnevna obravnava bolnikov, zdravljenje, ki temelji na dokazih. Klinična preskušanja ...razvrščamo v več faz. V fazi I ugotavljamo predvsem toksičnost, v fazi II aktivnost zdravila pri določeni bolezni in v fazi III primerjamo učinkovitost nove oblike zdravljenja s trenutno priporočenim zdravljenjem določene bolezni. V želji po hitrejši informaciji o učinkovitosti številnih novih, predvsem tarčnih zdravil, se je razvil novi tip kliničnih raziskav, klinične raziskave tipa %košara%, %dežnik% in %prilagoditev%. Vse klinične raziskave morajo izpolnjevati stroga merila, ki zagotavljajo, da so bolniki v raziskavah zaščiteni in so rezultati pravilno ovrednoteni. Dostopnost do raziskav je pomembna za razvoj stroke, pa tudi za bolnike, saj v okviru teh lahko dobijo dodatne možnosti zdravljenja. Zato je pomembno, da zdravniki bolnike spodbujamo k sodelovanju v kliničnih raziskavah.
This report provides an assessment of the flexibility and proportionality arrangements available within corporate governance frameworks that relate to seven areas of regulation: pre-emptive rights; ...board composition, board committees and board member qualifications; say on pay and the detail of disclosure on remuneration; related party transactions; disclosure of periodic financial information and ad-hoc information; major shareholding disclosure, and takeovers. It covers 39 jurisdictions, including in-depth case studies of the United Kingdom; Sweden; Italy; Japan; the United States of America, and Portugal and is based in part on a questionnaire to which all participating jurisdictions in 2017 responded.
Primary care physicians use various tools and methods to identify medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). The main purpose of our study is to determine the views of Slovenian family medicine trainees ...(FMT) about using the "Careful Assessment" tool for managing patients with MUS.
A qualitative study using open survey questions focused on the experience of family medicine trainees in managing patients with MUS. The sample consisted of surveys from 184 family medicine trainees. These trainees analysed a total of 702 patients with MUS. Manual coding was used for quantitative content analysis.
In the coding process, 49 codes were developed that included broader research fields about using the "Careful Assessment" tool for managing patients with MUS. The codes were grouped into four theoretically grounded, logical categories in accordance with the elaborated theoretical concept: multi-purpose utility; improved patient management; in-depth knowledge and new skills; and patient response.
The study demonstrated that, in the view of Slovenian FMT, the "Careful Assessment" tool has multi-purpose utility. The study showed that FMT felt that this tool helps them in systematic patient management. Their opinion is that it helps them establish a trusting relationship with patients, which is a precondition for providing further treatment.
Future nurses should possess the knowledge and competences necessary to ensure patient safety. However, little evidence is available on the way in which students learn patient safety-related ...principles over time. This study explored the progress of a cohort of Italian undergraduate nursing students as they acquired patient safety knowledge and competences from time of enrolment to graduation.
A longitudinal study carried out between 2015 and 2018 enrolled a cohort of 90 nursing students from two Italian Bachelor of Nursing Science Degree Courses at the Udine University, Italy. The students were followed-up on an annual basis and data collection was performed three times: at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years. The validated Italian version of the Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey tool was used to collect data.
At the end of the 1st year, students reported an average 4.19 out of 5 patient safety knowledge acquired in classrooms (CI 95%, 4.11-4.28), which was stable at the end of the 2nd (4.16; CI 95%, 4.06-4.26) and 3rd years (4.26; CI 95%, 4.16-4.32) and no statistical differences emerged over the years. With regard to the competences acquired in clinical settings, at the end of the 1st year the students reported an average 4.28 out of 5 (CI 95%, 4.20-4.37), which decreased significantly at the end of the 2nd year (4.15; CI 95%, 4.07-4.23; p=0.02) and increased at the end of the 3rd year (4.37; CI 95%, 4.27-4.47; p<0.01).
Nursing students' competences in patient safety issues increases over time, while their knowledge remains stable. Students are more vulnerable at the end of the 1st year, when they seem to be overconfident about patient-safety issues.
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