The genetic diversity and ampelographic variability of autochthonous red wine cultivar ‘Refošk’ (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Slovenia were evaluated with AFLP molecular markers and OIV descriptors, ...respectively. SSR molecular markers were employed to confirm cultivar identity of analysed samples. Eight AFLP primer combinations, one was monomorphic, produced 16 polymorphic markers in 41 out of 113 samples, what classified samples into monomorphic and polymorphic group. Dendrogram constructed with simple matching coefficient and unweighted pair-group method analysis presented genetic diversity within polymorphic group. Refošk biotypes from monomorphic and polymorphic groups were evaluated with 22 OIV descriptors related to bunch, berry and must, but on the basis of ampelographic characterization samples were not differentiated among two major groups obtained with AFLP analysis. Results of genetic analysis indicated that ‘Refošk’ originated from closely related plants that are phenotypically very similar. With regard to low observed genetic diversity more attention should be dedicated to the selection in order to conserve remaining genetic diversity.
Twenty - one clone candidates or elites from the basic collection in the Kras winegrowing district of cv. Refošk, were studied in order to assess their genetic and morphological variability. ...Morphological variability was evaluated with 71 phyllometric variables or 30 less environment dependent variables, which were then used in cluster analysis. Both resultant dendrograms combined the majority of elites into closely related groups, except elite 50, which did not group with any of the analyzed elites. Microsatellites were used for the assessment of genetic variability among elites. The allelic profile at 5 microsatellite loci (VVS2, VVS4, VVMD6, VVMD7 and VVMD8) was identical for 20 elites, while elite 50 showed an unique allelic profile at all analyzed loci. Microsatellite analysis was proven to be relatively fast and simple, providing reliable results in comparison with well established ampelography. However, a combination of both methods was found useful in evaluation of variability among elites, especially when clones are phenotypically heterogenous and of unknown genetic origin, as in the case of the cv. Refošk basic collection.
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