Key competences required for any graduated specialist in the manufacture of medicines include understanding of GMP principles, good knowledge of production processes and. managerial skills. In the ...present day Russian Pharma Industry there is a shortage of experts in Pharmaceutical Engineering, QC and GMP auditors. Notions of "Industrial Pharmacy" and of "industrial pharmacist" are not yet introduced into students syllabus and postgraduate curricula.
The study about continuing higher education (CHE) in Austria shows findings on three levels: on the system level, the institutional level and the programme level. On the system level it discusses ...definitions of CHE and gives information about providers, the higher education framework and the role of CHE in Austria. On the institutional level it presents information about organisational structures and management of CHE. In addition to that it deals with questions about quality assurance, public relations / marketing / advertising, funding and future prospects. On the programme level it gives information about the course structure, content and duration. Further it discusses the question of academic vs. vocational orientation of courses and displays provisions for specific target groups. Finally topics like how to identify needs, formal aspects of CHE provisions, staff motivation and partnerships are presented. The study ends in conclusions and challenges.
To obtain images of the arterial lumen and wall in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis with use of high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to follow morphologic changes during the induction of ...atherosclerosis and, hence, develop a non-invasive tool to investigate restenosis.
In vivo microscopic MR images of rabbit aorta were acquired after balloon injury. Measurements of wall and lumen diameter from MR images area were compared with measurements obtained from histologic and angiographic examination.
Injured rabbits exhibited an obvious thickening of the arterial wall, accompanied by an increased wall conspicuity, probably due to increases in T2. Quantitative MR morphometry corresponded well with morphologic measurements based on angiographic and histologic study.
MR implanted coil technology affords imaging of the arterial lumen and wall, allowing temporal assessment of the morphologic changes due to intimal hyperplasia after balloon dilation and may enable the evaluation of novel techniques to eliminate restenosis.
