The ever increasing fossil fuel usage and cost, environmental concern has forced the world to look for alternatives. Straight vegetable oils in compression ignition engine are a ready solution ...available, however, with certain limitations and with some advantages as reported by many researchers. A comprehensive and critical review is presented specifically pertaining to straight vegetable oils usage in diesel engine. A detailed record of historical events described. Research carried out specifically under Indian conditions and international research work on the usage of straight vegetable oils in the diesel engine is separately reviewed. Many researchers have reported that straight vegetable oils in small percentage blends with diesel when used lower capacity diesel engines have shown great promise with regards to the thermal performance as well exhaust emissions. This has been explained in detail. Finally based on the review of international as well as Indian research a SWOT analysis is carried out. The review concludes that there is still scope for research in this area.
Institutions are vital to the sustainability of social-ecological systems, balancing individual and group interests and coordinating responses to change. Ecological decline and social conflict in ...many places, however, indicate that our understanding and fostering of effective institutions for natural resource management is still lacking. We assess theoretical and methodological challenges facing positivist institutional analysis, focusing on natural resource governance according to Ostrom’s social-ecological systems (SES) framework. Rather than adding more variables, progress requires a clearer, more consistent approach to selecting, defining and measuring institutional elements; stronger links between theory and empirical research; a greater focus on mechanisms and causality; and the development and application of new methods, including quantitative approaches. Strengthening the connections between theory, models, and data suggests several promising avenues for advancing institutional analysis through the study of relationships between institutional structure, process, function, context, and outcomes.
Purpose - Without the adoption of a uniform agreed upon definition of supply chain management (SCM), researchers and practitioners will not be able to "advance the theory and practice" of the ...discipline. An integrated definition of SCM would greatly benefit researchers' efforts to study the phenomenon of SCM and those practitioners attempting to implement SCM. This paper aims to address these issues.Design methodology approach - Using the qualitative analysis software NVivo, this study examines 166 definitions of SCM that have appeared in the literature to determine important components of an integrated definition of SCM.Findings - Three broad themes of SCM are identified, including: activities; benefits; and constituents components. An encompassing definition of SCM is developed from the qualitative analysis of these definitions.Research limitations implications - While a large number of SCM definitions have been included in the research design, there may be additional definitions that are excluded given the very large number of SCM publications.Practical implications - A consensus definition of SCM will allow researchers to more precisely develop theory and practitioners to identify the scope and boundaries of SCM.Originality value - This paper is the first attempt to include a large number of SCM definitions for the purpose of developing a consensus definition of the concept. Previous literature has included only a subset of published SCM definitions.
The reason for this research is based on formulative research to recognize “Challenges in Quality of Education in HEIs of Pakistan”. Formulative research method is used to execute the goals of the ...research in less time and inexpensive means. In the past few years, education sector is Pakistan is confronting a lot of provocations in education sector such as: curriculum, less training institutions, corruption in education, teacher’s behavior, less research work. Coming-up concerns in the education sector are less training institutions and less research work and research is necessary to follow for the progress and power of any economy. The aim of our study is to recognize the important challenges which is being suffered by the academic sector in Pakistan the past few years. In order to carry the reliability and validity of the data for results, the researcher has used triangulation. The researcher has used questionnaire for students, questionnaire for teachers and interviews of the management in order to conduct this triangulation. The primary data was gathered from the focused group of students using a sample of 100 questionnaires for each university were filled by the students of the selected five universities. This attempt of conducting the research will play an essential part in the progress of Pakistan. In this study the dependent variables are: Curriculum, Corruption in education, less training institutions, Teacher’s behavior, less research work and dependent variable is Quality of Education. For future research, study can be done on solutions of these problems. In order to improve the literacy rate, the government of Pakistan has stated that education is mandatory for each and every citizen in the country.
This study delves into the translational challenges Arabic translators face in preserving the dynamism and multifaceted meanings of ‘come’ and ‘go’ phrasal verbs during translation using machine ...tools. Though existing literature has focused on linguistic and cultural equivalence, the ‘translational force’ of specific words is still under-researched. The aim of this study is to verify the accuracy of the output across tools, and to conclude how effective these applications were in the given language pair. The study adopts a mixed methods approach with a survey used to identify the most frequently used machine tools for translation by 27 learners of Translation Studies at Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia. Thereafter, a set of frequently used phrasal verbs in English that use the root verbs ‘come’ and ‘go’ were translated by a convenience sample of 27 final year students of translation as well as by using the popular and free translation tools in the English-Arabic language pair. Results indicated that Saudi students enrolled in translation studies used MateCAT, Google Translate, Reverso to a limited extent, but relied more on online dictionaries for translation to and from English. In addition to this, translation of English phrasal verbs was found to be most accurate in MateCat and there too, accuracy in back translation was found to be more accurate in the case of the phrasal verbs formed with ‘come’ at the root than with ‘go’ verb. Finally, it was found that the translation students preferred ‘soft tools’ like English movies for learning, recall, and use of English phrasal verbs in practice. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the concept of "translational force" and its implications for translating dynamic words in the English-Arabic language pair in the realm of machine-based translation tools.
Introduction.The modern stage of education development brings to the fore an individual approach to students, which, of course, is facilitated by the organization of their project and research ...activities. The relevance of research activities is obvious, because it aims to acquire students’ functional research skills as a universal way of mastering reality. This is facilitated by increased motivation for learning activities and activation of the student’s personal position in the educational process, the basis of which is not only the acquisition of subjectively new, independently acquired knowledge that is new and personally significant for a particular student, but also their understanding of each stage of work based on reflection. Theoretical analysis The article presents the experience of systematic reflection on the process of scientific and research work organization of SSU undergraduates studying in the field of psychology and pedagogy when reflecting on their own potentials and significance of their research work as a mechanism of their activity manifestation. Developing potential of undergraduates‘ research work organization is revealed as strengthening their research work engagement and formation of their research position. Conclusion. Consideration of the problem of the organization of systemic reflection among undergraduates revealed increased activity and effectiveness both in research activities and when defending the final qualifying work.
The Work De Rebus Siculis Decades Duae by Tommaso Fazello, scholar of the Ordo Praedicatorum, was published in 1558 and soon after it revolutionized the way Sicily’s history was reconstructed and ...described. This study refers to the six fundamental points of Fazello’s book and develops and clarifies each point the Dominican historian started from to write a harmonious and organic history of Sicily, dealing with a very long period between the Flood (he thinks it happened 2242 years after the creation of the world) and the abdication of Emperor Charles of Habsburg in favor of his son Philips II. Fazello’s book is based on a Thomist conception of the world and its sources are archeological excavations and very often mythological groundless traditions. But the author describes vividly with accuracy the usages and customs of the population living in Sicily as he has a direct personal experience of all the processions and events taking place in the island. Consequently De Rebus Siculis Decades Duae is one of the most fascinating evidence how the history of Sicily in the European historiography, from Late Middle Ages to the Humanism, is read, interpreted and written.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to characterize library and information science (LIS) as fragmenting discipline both historically and by applying Whitley’s (1984) theory about the organization of ...sciences and Fuchs’ (1993) theory about scientific change.Design/methodology/approachThe study combines historical source analysis with conceptual and theoretical analysis for characterizing LIS. An attempt is made to empirically validate the distinction between LIS context, L&I services and information seeking as fragmented adhocracies and information retrieval and scientific communication (scientometrics) as technologically integrated bureaucracies.FindingsThe origin of fragmentation in LIS due the contributions of other disciplines can be traced in the 1960s and 1970s for solving the problems produced by the growth of scientific literature. Computer science and business established academic programs and started research relevant to LIS community focusing on information retrieval and bibliometrics. This has led to differing research interests between LIS and other disciplines concerning research topics and methods. LIS has been characterized as fragmented adhocracy as a whole, but we make a distinction between research topics LIS context, L&I services and information seeking as fragmented adhocracies and information retrieval and scientific communication (scientometrics) as technologically integrated bureaucracies.Originality/valueThe paper provides an elaborated historical perspective on the fragmentation of LIS in the pressure of other disciplines. It also characterizes LIS as discipline in a fresh way by applying Whitley’s (1984) theory.
The aim of this article was to show the labor valour during the Great Patriotic War of the employees of the first research institute in Irkutsk, which began its history in 1912, as well as their ...success of the present time. The oldest scientific institution in the Irkutsk region was originally created on the initiative of the Siberian Medical Society as a laboratory and was transformed into the Chemical and Bacteriological Institute in 1918, and in 1930 it became the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the People’s Commissariat of Public Health of Russia. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the institute had an epidemiological department and a microbiological laboratory that carried out epidemiological surveillance and diagnosis of a wide range of infections in Siberia. During the war years, the manufacturing sector with the production of vaccines and serums acquired particular importance. By the end of the war, 285 employees worked at the institute, 32 of them had higher education. During the war years, the production of vaccines against typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and smallpox was significantly increased. Serums against tetanus and measles, and a dysentery bacteriophage were produced. At the same time, research projects and thesis works were carried out. The employees of the institute received national and departmental awards, commendations, honorary distinctions, and rewards for their scientific work and production excellence. Currently, the institute continues the glorious traditions of the past and demonstrates truly heroic efforts in the development of virology and microbiology, working in priority areas of medical and biological science. Of course, the works of scientists of the present time will be appreciated only by descendants, as is now happening with the assessment of the work of the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology during the Great Patriotic War.
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