The findings on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and outcomes in adulthood cover a wide subject area. In order to understand the results of ACE studies and plan adequate ...measures, the role of social work should not be disregarded. This paper studies the topic of ACEs, positive childhood experiences and the association with the subjective experience of poverty, which has rarely been addressed, but is relevant to social work. The research was based on simple and extended ACE questionnaires and was conducted amongst the adult population of Slovenia (n = 4939). The results found that adverse material position is associated with a higher amount of adverse and a lower amount of positive childhood experiences (on average, people with adverse material position have 3.43 ACEs and 7.77 positive experiences, while those with better material position have only 1.75 ACEs and 9.82 positive experiences). Social work needs to provide measures on a systemic level to improve the material position of families and to develop programmes based on the poverty aware paradigm to support partnership and interparental relationships in order to decrease the incidence of ACE. In addition, people need adequate support (e.g. trauma-informed care) when recovering from ACE and to enhance their resilience.
The role of education systems is crucial in creating bilingualism and multilingualism. Based on domestic and foreign literature and structured interviews with public officials in North Macedonia and ...Italy, the article analyses the solutions and incentives for institutional bilingualism, which have proven insufficient thus far. It also offers a model of multilingualism as a concept of an ideal environment where speakers can communicate using multiple languages. The impact of new information and communication technologies on language learning and use in bilingual areas and their contribution to the creation of an ideal environment conducive to multilingualism will also be examined. The data obtained shows, among other things, that artificial intelligence is also revolutionising language use and learning. Nonetheless, despite rapid progress, human communication in different languages cannot be replaced by artificial algorithms.
A hardheaded book that confronts and outlines possible
solutions to a seemingly intractable problem: that helping the poor
often hurts the environment, and vice versa. Can we fight
poverty and ...inequality while protecting the environment? The
challenges are obvious. To rise out of poverty is to consume more
resources, almost by definition. And many measures to combat
pollution lead to job losses and higher prices that mainly hurt the
poor. In Unsustainable Inequalities, economist Lucas
Chancel confronts these difficulties head-on, arguing that the
goals of social justice and a greener world can be compatible, but
that progress requires substantial changes in public policy.
Chancel begins by reviewing the problems. Human actions have put
the natural world under unprecedented pressure. The poor are least
to blame but suffer the most-forced to live with pollutants that
the polluters themselves pay to avoid. But Chancel shows that
policy pioneers worldwide are charting a way forward. Building on
their success, governments and other large-scale organizations must
start by doing much more simply to measure and map environmental
inequalities. We need to break down the walls between traditional
social policy and environmental protection-making sure, for
example, that the poor benefit most from carbon taxes. And we need
much better coordination between the center, where policies are
set, and local authorities on the front lines of deprivation and
contamination. A rare work that combines the quantitative skills of
an economist with the argumentative rigor of a philosopher,
Unsustainable Inequalities shows that there is still hope
for solving even seemingly intractable social problems.
The Poverty of Privacy Rights makes a simple, controversial argument: Poor mothers in America have been deprived of the right to privacy.The U.S. Constitution is supposed to bestow rights equally. ...Yet the poor are subject to invasions of privacy that can be perceived as gross demonstrations of governmental power without limits. Courts have routinely upheld the constitutionality of privacy invasions on the poor, and legal scholars typically understand marginalized populations to have "weak versions" of the privacy rights everyone else enjoys. Khiara M. Bridges investigates poor mothers' experiences with the state—both when they receive public assistance and when they do not. Presenting a holistic view of just how the state intervenes in all facets of poor mothers' privacy, Bridges shows how the Constitution has not been interpreted to bestow these women with family, informational, and reproductive privacy rights. Bridges seeks to turn popular thinking on its head: Poor mothers' lack of privacy is not a function of their reliance on government assistance—rather it is a function of their not bearing any privacy rights in the first place. Until we disrupt the cultural narratives that equate poverty with immorality, poor mothers will continue to be denied this right.
Razprava obravnava študijo primera uprizoritve Hlapec Jernej in njegova pravica v režiji Žige Divjaka, ki je nastala leta 2018. V prvem delu se osredotoča na specifičen format »dramskega besedila« v ...tej dokumentarni uprizoritvi, od koder izhajajo tudi nadaljnje analize dokumentarnih prvin in njihovih učinkov na ravni besedila, tekstovne strukture, likov, dramaturgije in navsezadnje zaznave zunanjega pogleda (občinstva, javnosti). Bistvena značilnost projekta je uporaba (remodulacija) prvoosebnih pričevanj, ki vpeljejo princip dobesednega (verbatim) gledališča, v tokratnem primeru gre za posredovanje neposrednih izkušenj s polja aktualnih prekarnih delovnih odnosov. Pripovedovana izkustva iz prve roke razgrnejo uvid v nevid(e)ne delavske populacije, ki so v razmerju do sodobnih »gospodarjev« (tajkunov) presenetljivo usklajene z razumevanjem odvzemanja pravic delavstvu, kot ga je dojemal Ivan Cankar. V drugem delu članek uprizoritev umešča v analitični diskurz, ki preči sociološke, politične in psihološke poglede na obstoj revščine, razredizma in razrednega sramu. V luči sodobnih kulturoloških teorij in umestitve Divjakovega Hlapca Jerneja v širši družbeni aspekt se pokaže, da prepletanje dokumentarnega gledališča in tematiziranje sodobnega delavskega razreda (problematičnih prekarnih razmerij) vzpostavljata izjemno pomembno umetniško pa tudi družbeno gesto; ta sočasno raziskuje učinke specifičnega režijskega koncepta, vnosa realnega v umetniški dogodek, in uveljavi kritično refleksijo izbrane tematike ter njenega umeščanja v javni prostor.
Social determinants of health: the indicators for measuring the impact of poverty on health Introduction: The link between poverty and health is an important research topic of national and ...international organisations, including the WHO, which has issued several important reports that proved the impact of social determinants on people's health, of which poverty was one of the most important. The aim of this article is to define the indicators of the social determinants of health, which is important for better planning and policy-making. Method: data was gathered through the comparative analysis of different sources of socioeconomic indicators, which are presented schematically, ranked in the structural field and analysed from the perspective of their impact on health. Results: Indicators are divided into ten different fields that present a socioeconomic determinant of health. The fields are: material deprivation (including income and other material items necessary for everyday living), followed by social capital, (un)employment, housing and homelessness, education and profession, living environment, health, crime and safety, accessibility and ethnicity. The table includes 100 indicators that are used in various states for planning and policy-making. The extent and diversity of the indicators shows the complexity of the social determinants of health, which are often overlooked or are insufficiently understood. Conclusion: Poverty is a structural problem with an important impact on health. Because living in poverty is a specific way of life, ways of tackling the problem of poverty are also specific. They have to include relations of power, the accessibility of resources and opportunities to escape from the poverty. Health plays an important role in that but it depends on the capabilities and readiness of the states to ensure this for all people regardless of their social status, material wealth or other circumstances. The list of indicators can contribute to achieving that goal. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
V nekaterih postsocialističnih mestih je nastajanje neformalnih naselij pojav, povezan z valom urbanizacije v šestdesetih in sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja, v drugih pa s pritokom ...priseljencev in beguncev v devetdesetih letih. Območja neformalnih naselij nastajajo zaradi različnih dejavnikov: neustreznega prostorskega načrtovanja, zastarele in zapletene zakonodaje, ureditve javne uprave in stanovanjske politike, ki ne zagotavlja cenovno dostopnih stanovanj. Nezakonita gradnja na mestnih območjih, ki je pogosto posledica pomanjkanja jasno oblikovanega sistema lastninskih pravic in mestne revščine, je resen problem v mnogih mestih, kot so Tirana, Beograd, Tbilisi in Bukarešta. Članek predstavlja tipologijo neformalnih naselij v postsocialističnih mestih in obravnava ekonomske, socialne in okoljske probleme, povezane s tem pojavom. Različne vrste neformalnih naselij in njihov razvoj kažejo na zapletenost vprašanja in potrebo po oblikovanju raznolikih rešitev, ki bi upoštevale razmere danega okolja. Raziskava obravnava odzive politike povezane s tem, med njimi legalizacijo in vključevanje tovrstnih naselij v projekte urbanističnega načrtovanja, zagotavljanje osnovnih socialnovarstvenih storitev (na primer šole in zdravstveni domovi), izgradnjo tehnične infrastrukture (na primer varne ceste, omrežja javnega potniškega prometa, vodovod in kanalizacija) in programe preselitve v socialna stanovanja. Čeprav te rešitve spadajo v okvir različnih politik, je za njihovo učinkovito izvedbo potrebno veliko politične volje ter tudi finančna zavezanost osrednjih in lokalnih ustanov.
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